The study was conducted to assess school dietitians' preferences for traditional foods, to determine the association with their perception and usage status, and to develop the strategies to increase its utilization of traditional foods in school lunches. The information was obtained by the self-administered questionnaire from the subjects, which were 198 dietitians in schools located in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. According to the preference for traditional foods, subjects were distributed into three groups (High = 54, Medium = 128, Low = 16). The significances of differences between groups were determined using SPSS 12.0 at p < 0.05. Compared to the dietitians with lower (medium and low) preferences, those with high preferences answered that they had better knowledge (p < 0.001) for traditional foods, and served them more in school lunches (p < 0.01). Also, more dieticians in the high preference group not only felt that they need to train school administrators (p < 0.01) as well as themselves (p < 0.05), but also were currently providing students with the nutrition education on traditional foods (p < 0.05). The results presented the evidence suggesting that having dietitians with higher preference for traditional foods can offer an effective strategy to increase the opportunities for schoolchildren to be exposed to traditional foods. Development of the standard recipes for use in school lunches by the government or the association was answered as the best strategy to increase the use of traditional foods, regardless of the dietitians' preferences.
Administrative Personnel ; Food Preferences ; Humans ; Lunch ; Surveys and Questionnaires

We evalusted the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of the femoral heads in 20 normal and 45 abnormal patients. The bone marrow in the healthy adults consisted of a combination of hematopoietic and fatty marrow, which showed age-related dirtribation, that is the component of fatty marrow was increased and the marrow vascularity was dereased with age. Avascular necrosis (AVN) showed a decreased bone marrow signal within an normal appearing femoral head on T1 and T2-weighted images. In addition, we could see inhomogenous low signal intensity (31 cases), a ring of low intensity with central normal signal intensity (25cases), focal low signal intensity (12 cases), or a band of low signal intensity (4 cases). MRI findings were abnormal in 10 cases with normal radiographic findings as well as in all the cases with abnormal ones. In conclusion, MRI should be the choice of the imaging modality for the evaluation of early bone marrow chages of AVN.
Adult ; Bone Marrow ; Head* ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Necrosis*

PURPOSE: While treating 14 phenylketonuria(PKU) patients, we evaluated bone density, changes in bone age, andbony changes such as spiculation or metaphyseal widening. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 14 PKU patients agedbetween 1 month and 14 years(mean, 6.4 years) were under dietary treatment. Eight and eleven patients underwentradiography of the left hand and wrist and bone densitometry(BMD) of the lumbar spine, respectively. The resultswere reviewed with regard to abnormal bony changes, delayed bone age, and osteopenia. Patients were assigned toeither the early or late treatment group, depending on whether or not dietary therapy was started before 3 monthsof age. Those in whom a blood phenylalanine level of under 10 mg/dl was maintained were assigned to the 'goodcontrol' group; others were classified as 'variable control'. The findings of radiographs of the left hand andlumbar BMD were evaluated in relation to the time of dietary therapy, and adequacy of treatment. RESULTS: Onlumbar BMD, four of 11 patients (36%) showed reduced bone density of more than 1 S.D. None of the 11 who underwentradiography of the left hand showed bony abnormalities such as spiculation or metaphyseal widening. In four of the11, bone age was less than chronological age by at least one year. According to Fisher's exact test there was norelation between delayed bone age , osteoporosis and the time and adequacy of dietary therapy (p >0.05). CONCLUSION: None of the 14 PKU patients who underwent dietary therapy had bony abnormalities such as spiculationor metaphyseal widening. In four of the 11, bone age was at least one year less than chronological age, and onlumbar BMD, osteoporosis was seen. For the evaluation of bone change in PKU patients, plain radiography and BMDare thus complementary.
Bone Density ; Bone Diseases, Metabolic ; Hand ; Humans ; Metabolism ; Osteoporosis ; Phenylalanine ; Phenylketonurias* ; Radiography ; Spine ; Wrist

PURPOSE: To evaluate the CT findings and clinical significance of colonic edema in liver cirrhosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the CT scans of 221 cases of clinically diagnosed liver cirrhosis in 173 patients. In 30 of these [23 men and six women aged between 35 and 67 (mean, 54) years], colonic edema was present. We evaluated its distribution (ascending, transverse or descending colon), analysed serum albumin and bilirubin levels, and in both the colonic edema and non-colonic edema group, determined whether ascites was present. Thus, we sought correlation between the presence of colonic edema, the severity of liver cirrhosis, and each parameter. RESULTS: CT revealed colonic edema in 30 of 221 cases (14 %). Of the 30, 13 cases (43 %) were diffuse colonic edema and 17 (57 %) were regional edema. Among these 17 cases, 12 (71 %) were seen only in the ascending colon, while five (29 %) were seen in both the ascending and transverse colon. In the group with colonic edema, the mean level of serum albumin was 2.6 g/dl, and that of serum bilirubin was 4.9 mg/dl; 20 patients ( 67 %) had ascites. In the group without colonic edema, mean levels of serum albumin and serum bilirubin were 3.0 g/dl and 4.1 mg/dl, respectively ; 43 patients (30 %) had ascites. There was no significant statistical difference in serum albumin and bilirubin levels between the colonic edema and non-colonic edema group (p>0.05), though ascites was more common among the former group. CONCLUSION: In cases of liver cirrhosis, CT evidence of colonic edema is not uncommon. The ascending colon is most frequently involved, though disease severity does not vary significantly according to site. When CT reveals the presence of colonic edema, further diagnostic evaluation is not necessary if there is no evidence of clinical symptoms.
Ascites ; Bilirubin ; Colon* ; Colon, Ascending ; Colon, Transverse ; Edema* ; Female ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis* ; Liver* ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Serum Albumin ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Multiple large bowel polyps are the hallmark of familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), and many progress to colorectal cancer. Desmoid tumors are more common in patients with FAP than in other people, occurring, particularly, in those who have previously undergone prophylatic total colectomy. In such patients, desmoid tumors are a common cause of death. In an FAP patient without extracolic manifestation, who has undergone prophylatic surgery, multifocal desmoid tumors occur periodically. We report the serial radiologic findings of progressive desmoid tumors in FAP, drawing attention to the related findings of previous research.
Adenomatous Polyposis Coli ; Cause of Death ; Colectomy ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Fibromatosis, Aggressive* ; Humans ; Polyps

Individual identification procedure is one of the most improtant part in medicolegal fields. Recently, radiolegal investigation methods have been widely applicated to the medicolegal field for the purpose of individual identification. So authors attempted to determine sex and calculate stature by using roentgenographic findings of long bones of 248 subjects the living materials. In orthoscanographic study for long bones, we measured total length, midshaft width, epiphyseal width, cortical width, head diameter of each bones The total length, midshaft width, cortical width, condylar breath, horizontal & vertical head diameter of femur show statistically significant differentiation between two sexes, in tibia, total length, midshaft, cortical width, proximal and distal epiphyseal width show statistically significant. In fibula, Humerus, radius and ulna, total length is only statistically significant. And other wresults are statistically insignificant. Using femoral and fibial lengths (mm) with "Regression Analysis method" in SAS program, we derived the following fomulae. Height (cm)=95.62±0.148×Total length of Femur. (mm) Height(cm)=82.07±0.22×Total length of Tibia. (mm). In conclusion, radiologic measurement of long bone might be one of the useful methods in individual identification of unknown subject in Korea.
Femur ; Fibula ; Head ; Humerus ; Korea ; Radius ; Tibia ; Ulna

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate MR findings among patients with phenylketonuria (PKU). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eleven patients with biochemically documented PKU underwent MR imaging ; In nine, the typical classic form was seen, and two were atypical. We evaluated signal intensity, the distribution of abnormal signal intensity, the extent of brain atrophy, and possible clinical correlation between IQ scores of the patients and abnormal signal intensity. RESULTS: Varying degrees of symmetrical high signal intensity were noted on T2-weighted sequences in the parietal white matter of six patients ; the periventricular deep white matter was most seriously affected, but there was no evidence of brain atrophy. In one advanced case, high signal intensity of both the parietal and frontal lobes was seen on T2-weighted images, and brain atrophy and gyriform enhancementon contrast enhanced T1-weighted images. In five patients, findings were normal. no abnormality was found in the basal ganglia, brain stem or cerebellum. There was no correlation between IQ level and severity of high signal intensity. CONCLUSION: Although MR findings were nonspecific, PKU patients showed symmetrical high signal intensity, predominantly in the peritrigonal region. In the advanced case, the lesion, as seen on T2-weighted images, extended to the periventricular and subcortical white matter.
Atrophy ; Basal Ganglia ; Brain ; Brain Stem ; Cerebellum ; Frontal Lobe ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Phenylketonurias* ; Rabeprazole

PURPOSE: To evaluate the vascular pattern of lymph nodes, and the usefulness of color Doppler sonogaphy indifferentiating benign from malignant superficial lymphadenopathy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-six patientswere pathologically and clinically confirmed to be suffering from benign reactive lymphadenitis and tuberculosis(n=16) or lymphoma and malignant lymphadenitis (n=10). Lymph node shape was assessed by the ratio of longitudinaldiameter to transverse diameter(L/T), and patients were thus assigned to one of two groups : L/T >or =2, or L/T<2.The hilar vascular pattern of lymph node was assessed by color Doppler sonography and classified as central,eccentric, or absent. On the basis of peripheral vascularity, patients were divided into three groups according tocircumferental linear vascularity. An absence of peripheral vascularity was classified as grade 0. If less thanhalf the periphery was covered by linear vascularity, a patient was assigned to as grade I, and if more than halfwas covered by a vessel, the classification was grade II. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences in L/Tratio were noted between malignant and benign node (p<.001). Of the 16 benign reactive nodes, 13 showed L/T >or =2,and 3 L/T<2. while in nine of the ten malignant nodes, L/T<2 was noted. Among 16 benign reactive nodes, hilarvascularity was central in 13, eccentric in one, and absent in two. Among the ten malignant nodes, thecorresponding totals were nil, four, and Six. The hilar vascular pattern showed statistically significantdifferentiation between malignant and benign node (p<.05). Among 16 benign reactive nodes, 13 were grade 0, twowere grade I, and one was grade II, while among ten malignant nodes, two were grade 0 and eight were grade I. Onthe basis of vascular pattern, the difference between benign and malignant nodes was statistically significant(p<.05). CONCLUSION: L/T ratio<2, absent or eccentric hilar vascularity, and the presence of peripheralvascularity are suggestive of malignant lymph node. The shape of LN and pattern revealed by an analysis of nodalvascularity using color Doppler sonography are useful in differential diagnosis of benign and malignantlymphadenopathy.
Classification ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphadenitis ; Lymphatic Diseases* ; Lymphoma

PURPOSE: To evaluate the radioloic findings of malignant retroperitoneal fibrosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Post-contrast CT (n=9) and urographic (n=7) findings of nine patients with malignant retroperitoneal fibrosis were retrospectively analyzed. Primary tumors were found to be advanced gastric cancer (n=6), early gastric cancer (n=1), breast cancer (n=1), and cervical cancer (n=1). We analyzed CT findings with regard to the site of soft tissue lesion, ureteral involvement, the presence or absence of hydronephrosis, and distant metastasis. The level and length of ureteral involvement, presence or abscence of ureteral stenosis, and ureteral displacement as seen on urography, were analyzed. RESULTS: On CT scans, enhanced soft tissue lesions (mass, 5 cases; plaque, 4 cases) encircling the abdominal aorta and IVC were noted in all cases. Thickening of the ureteral wall (n=8), hydronephrosis (n=9), and enlarged lymph node (n=5) were also seen. On urography, irregular stenosis and medial displacement of ureters from level L2 to S2 were noted in all cases. The length of ureteral involvement was 4-6.5cm. CONCLUSION: The common CT findings of malignant retroperitoneal fibrosis were enhanced soft tissue lesion encircling the abdominal aorta and IVC, hydronephrosis, and thickening of the ureteral wall. On urography, ureteral stenosis and medial displacement were seen.
Aorta, Abdominal ; Breast Neoplasms ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Retroperitoneal Fibrosis* ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Ureter ; Urography ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

The cause responsible for the lack of an efficient cell-mediated immunity or a delayed type hypersensitivity to M. leprae in lepromatous patients is poorly understood. But the resistance to M. leprae infection in humans is likely mediated by the activated macrophages to present M. leprae antigen to T cells for cell-mediated immunity. Phenolic glycolipid-I (PGL-I) is a M. leprae-specific antigen and is supposed to play a significant role in the long lasting unresponsiveness in lepromatous leprosy. In this study, IL-1 activities were tested among leprosy patients to evaluate monocyte function and the role of IL-1 in the immunosuppression in leprosy. We found that peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from tuberculoid patients were strongly reactive to M. leprae (mean cpm; 28,853 +/- 28,916), but the proliferative responses of PBMCs from lepromatous patients (mean cpm; 6,051 +/- 803) were significantly lower. IL-1 concentration in culture supernatant of monocytes from lepromatous patients was similar to that from tuberculoid patients with stimulation of M. leprae (lepromatous: 1,014 +/- 637 pg/ml, tuberculoid: 1,012 +/- 167 pg/ml) or lipopolysaccharides (IPS) (lepromatous: 3,479 +/- 2,188 pg/ml, tuberculoid: 4,246 +/- 2,432 pg/ml). The IL-1 concentration is sera from lepromatous patients (42 +/- 30 pg/ml) tended to be higher than those from tuberculoid patients (28 +/- 69 pg/ml). And there was no significant difference in IL-1 production between peritoneal macrophages from mice sensitized with PGL-1 and those from nonsensitized mice. In conclusion, this study suggests that the immunosuppression in lepromatous patients may not be due to the decreased production of IL-1. And the increased IL-1 activity in sera may affect the inflammatory response of lepromatous patients.
Glycolipids/pharmacology ; Human ; Immunity, Cellular ; Interleukin-1/*biosynthesis ; Leprosy, Lepromatous/blood/*metabolism ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Monocytes/*metabolism ; Mycobacterium leprae/metabolism ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't