No abstract available.
Rectal Prolapse*

No abstract available.
Rectocele*

No abstract available.

PURPOSE: Sushrutra (BC 5th century) advocated a conservative management by applying Kshara Sutra (phyto-chemically processed thread) for the treatment of anal fistulas in India. In 1965, this technique was introduced by Deshpande and 40 cases were treated on an "outpatient" ambulatory basis. The purpose of this study is to determine the result of Kshara Sutra (KS) in treatment of fistula in ano. METHODS: One hundred and five patients with anal fistula were treated with KS. Excision of the primary lesion and fistula tract was done externally and KS was passed around the tract. Tissue gripped within the thread was the anoderm, mucosa, and sphincter. Finally, the thread encircled the part of the anal wall that needed excision and an additional clamp for loose tying. RESULTS: The range of age was from 21 to 59 years while the sex ratio was 6.5:1 (M:F). In 94 patients, the average cutting time was about two weeks, and the other were three to four weeks. KS thread was applied only once for primary operation in 98 cases, and a successive change was required in 7 cases. The mean hospital stay after operation was 4.2 days. In 76 cases, the mean period of follow up was 23 (range 7~32) months. There were no recurrences, but there were 4 mild deformities of the anus, 2 mild soilings, 1 delayed cutting, and 5 delayed healings. CONCLUSIONS: Kshara Sutra is a technically easy, safe, and simple method and does not require a long hospitalization.
Anal Canal ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Fistula* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hand Strength ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; India ; Length of Stay ; Mucous Membrane ; Rectal Fistula ; Recurrence ; Sex Ratio ; Soil

No abstract available.
Acrodermatitis* ; Humans ; Siblings* ; Zinc Sulfate* ; Zinc*

No abstract available.
Moyamoya Disease*

Clinically, neostigmine is most commonly used as the reversal agent for to the competitive muscle relaxants. Atropine (group 1) and glrcopyrrolate (group 2) were studied in doses of 15ug/kg, 20 ug/kg and 77ug/kg, 10ug/kg given intravenously in a mixture with neostigm-ine 40ug/kg, during operation and at the end of operation 20 ASA class I patients, aged between 15 to 60, were selected in each group. Anesthesia was maintained with enflurane (1-1.5%), N2O (2L/min), O2(2L/min) and pancuronium (50ug/kg) was used as a muscle relaxant. The results were as fellows : 1) Group 1 showed significant increase and decrease in purse rate compared with group 2. 2) Atropine neostigmine mixture significantly showed initial increase and late decrease in pulse rate than glycopyrrolate-neostigmine mixture. 3) In group 2, 20ug/kg dose of atropine, when administered in a mixture with neostigmine, showed significant initial increase in pulse rate, 15ug/kg dose of atropine showed significant late bradycardia. 4) In group 2, 7 ug/kg, 10 ug/kg dose of glycopyrrolate was not associated with initial tachy cardia but late bradycardia was obserred and 10 ug/kg dose of glycopyrrolate was associated with more stable heart rate.
Anesthesia ; Atropine ; Bradycardia ; Cardia ; Enflurane ; Glycopyrrolate ; Heart Rate* ; Heart* ; Humans ; Neostigmine ; Pancuronium

It is known that skin diseases are related to proliferation of cellular components. Green tea has many favorable biologic effects: anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral effects, lowering of plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels, reduction of blood pressure and platelet aggregation, antimutagenic, and anticarcinogenic activities. The effects of green tea on various cells in skin has been reported in previous studies; For keratinocytes and human epidermoid carcinoma cells, green tea induces apoptosis only in cancer cells, but no keratinocytes. For endothelial cells, green tea inhibits endothelial cell proliferation. For melanocytes and fibroblast, it is little known. We investigated the effects of green tea polyphenol(GTP) and the major constituents, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate(EGCG) on the proliferation in the cultured human keratinocytes, fibroblasts, melanocytes, endothelial cells and human epidermoid carcinoma cells(A431 cells). The proliferative response was studied by the cell count and the uptake of tritiated thymidine after 48 hours of treatment. And we also observed apoptosis using TUNEL staining. The results were as follows; Number of living cells were significantly decreased(p<0.05) in cultured human epidermal cells, melanocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells and A431 cells treated with different concentration of GTP and EGCG for 48 hours. The cells were decreased dose dependently as increase of concentration of the extracts. The [3H]thymidine incorporation were significantly decreased(p<0.05) in cultured human epidermal cells, melanocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells and A431 cells treated with different concentration of GTP and EGCG for 48 hours. The dose dependent inhibition was also seen in [3H]thymidine incorporation by green tea extracts. Cell proliferation was significantly more inhibited(p<0.05) by EGCG compared to GTP in the same concentration. We failed to observe apoptosis of cultured human epidermal cells, melanocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells and A431 cells by GTP and EGCG. In summary, green tea extracts(GTP, EGCG) showed statistically significant inhibitory effects on cultured human epidermal cells, melanocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells and A431 cells. These results suggest that green tea could play a possible role in the treatment of hyperproliferative skin disease.
Apoptosis* ; Blood Pressure ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Cell Count ; Cell Proliferation ; Cholesterol ; Endothelial Cells* ; Fibroblasts* ; Guanosine Triphosphate ; Humans* ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Keratinocytes* ; Melanocytes* ; Plasma ; Platelet Aggregation ; Skin ; Skin Diseases ; Tea* ; Thymidine ; Triglycerides

The purpose of this pictorial essay is to describe the ultrasonographic and clinical findings of patients with small testes due to a wide range of causes. We retrospectively reviewed the ultrasonographic and clinical findings of various causes of small testes. We present various causes of small testes on ultrasonography including Klinefelter syndrome, testicular torsion, mumps orchitis, inguinal hernia, cryptorchidism, varicocele, and trauma. On ultrasonography, small testes in patients with testicular torsion, mumps orchitis, and trauma usually showed heterogeneous echogenicity. Atrophic testes were homogeneously hypoechoic in patients with cryptorchidism and inguinal hernia and were isoechoic to the normal testis in patients with varicocele. Klinefelter syndrome patients had small hyperechoic or hypoechoic nodules, but the echogenicity of the remnant portion of the testes was homogeneous. Ultrasonography is helpful for detecting small testes and for the differential diagnosis of the various possible causes of small testes.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Fracture and dimensional change of an acrylic resin denture are a rather common occurrence. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare differences in dimensional changes and flexural strength of separate maxillary complete dentures after immediate deflasking by injection molding and conventional compression processing. MATERIAL AND METHOD: To evaluate dimensional stability, the maxillary dentures were fabricated by using different materials and methods. Lucitone 199(Dentsply Trubyte, york, pennsylvania, USA) and Vertex(Dentimex, zeist, Netherlands) were used as materials. Compression and injection packing methods were used as processing methods. The impression surface of the dentures was measured by 3D Scanning System(PERCEPTRON, USA) and overlapped original impression surface of the master cast. To evaluate flexural strength, resin specimens were made according to the different materials, powder/liquid ratio and processing methods. Flexural strength of the complete resin specimens (64mm*10mm*3.3mm) were measured by INSTRON 467.(INSTRON, England) The data was analyzed by ANOVA, t-test and Tukey test.(p<.05 level of significance) RESULT: The results were as follows: 1. There was no significant differences between master model and denture base for each group in overall dimensional changes. 2. Palatal area was more stable than flange or alveolar area in dimensional stability. but, there was no significant differences among each area. 3. Materials and power/liquid ratio had an effect on flexural strength.(p<.05) Especially materials was most effective.(p<.05) 4. Lucitone 199(powder/liquid ratio followed by manufacturer's direction) showed higher flexural strength than Vertex. CONCLUSION: Dimensional stability or flexural strength are affected by materials rather than packing techniques.
Denture Bases ; Denture, Complete* ; Dentures ; Fungi* ; Pennsylvania