To study the gyrA mutations of E. coli from clinical specimens, 410 strains were isolated from 1994 to 1997 in Kyungpook National Vniversity hospital. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests, PCR and sequencing of gyrA, and in vitro induction of quinolone resistance were done. The frequency of quinolone resistant E. coli strains increased constantly during 1994 through 1996. Quinolone-resistant strains were more often resistant to unrelated antibiotics than quinolone-susceptible strains (chi-square test, p<0.05). All of the randomly selected 55 quinolone- resist#ant strains were highly resistant to nalidixic acid (NAL) but had low level resistance to fluoroquinolones. All of the 55 quinolone-resistant strains showed an amino acid substitution of Ser -> Leu (TCG -> TIG) at codon 83. In addition, four different types of amino acid substitution affecting codon 87 (Asp) were detected, 1) type I: Asn (GAC -> AAC); 2) type II: Tyr (GAC -> TAC); 3) type III: Oly (GAC -> GGC); 4) type IV: His (GAC -> CAC). The mutation of type IV has not been reported previously in quinolone-resistant E. coli strains. It is thought that the specific amino acid substitution probably affects minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of quinolones because the MICs of ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, and ofloxacin in type II were significantly higher than those of type I. By in vitro induction, MICs to quinolone-susceptible strains resulted in the increase in the MICs of all quinolones tested by 2- to 2048-fold. The induced mutants by quinolones had amino acid substitutions at codon 83, SerLeu or Asp87Asn, Gly or Tyr. Alteration of Ser83 results in the most effective increase in the MIC of quinolone such as NAL and alterations of Asp87 result in the effective increase of MIC of fluoroquinolone. These results suggest that the continuous use of quinolones might induce the specific amino acid substitution at gyrA.
Amino Acid Substitution ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Ciprofloxacin ; Codon ; Escherichia coli* ; Escherichia* ; Fluoroquinolones ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Nalidixic Acid ; Norfloxacin ; Ofloxacin ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Quinolones

No abstract available.
Knee* ; Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis*

The suture materials influence the success of microvascular anastomosis importantly. The purpose of this experiment is to observe the effect of absorbable suture material and nonabsorbable suture material in microvascular anastomosis. The study was carried out on one side of carotid arteries of fourty rats which were anesthetized intraperitoneally with urethane. The experimental procedures differed in two groups, Group A in which the carotid artery was sutured with 10-0 monofilament polyglycolic acid, Group B in which the carotid artery was sutured with 10-0 monofilament nylon. Gross and histological examination were used to compare the results of end to end suture above two suture material. The results were as follows. 1. Nylon had greater tensile strength and ease of handling than polyglycolic acid, but held knots poorly. 2. Polyglycolic acid had difficult handling and lesser tenslie strength than nylon, but held knots hardly. 3. Polyglycolic acid had high patency rate, some lesser tissue response than nylon.
Animals ; Arteries ; Carotid Arteries ; Nylons ; Polyglycolic Acid ; Rats ; Sutures ; Tensile Strength ; Urethane

No abstract available in English.
Lasers, Gas ; Wound Healing ; Wounds and Injuries

Proximal tibial osteotomy is a procedure usually employed for osteoarthritis of the knee with a predominant single compartment involvement accompanied by pain and angular deformity. It has as its objective the shift of the gravitational line of weight from an involved to a relatively uninvolved side of the knee. We studied the preoperative clinical status and postoperative results in twenty-two patients (twenty-four knees) who had had a proximal osteotomy for osteoarthritic varus deformity. The mean length of follow-up was 2.6years(Range, 6months to 4.8years). In the preoperative evaluation of the lesion, we used bone scintigraphy to estimate the range and extent of the osteoarthritic change. The scintigraphic results were more sensitive to simple x-ray finding in a disease process. The range of motion of the knee were improved after osteotomy, from 7.7degree-128 degree to 2.6 degree-135degree(5.1degree in flexion contracture and 7 degree in further flexion). Correction of the tibiofemoral angle was performed to the level that we had decided correction angle to 7 degree and 3 degree of overcorrection. The correltion of good clinical results and tibiofemoral angle was dependent on whether the postoperative tibiofemoral angle is more than 5 degree valgus or not.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Contracture ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Knee ; Osteoarthritis ; Osteotomy ; Radionuclide Imaging ; Range of Motion, Articular

We analyzed 34 extension contracture of the knee patients after modified Judet's procedure. Male patient was 32 and female was 2. Age ranged from 19 years to 61 years average being 34 years old. Follow-up period ranged from 12 months to 7 years and 8 months average being 3 years 8 months. 1. The extension contracture of the knee were due to not only scarring of the vastus intermedius but contractures of quadriceps muscles, and finally did lead to intraarticular adhesion in all cases. 2. The results of modified Judet's procedure were excellent or good in 97% and we concluded that the modified Judet's procedure of quadricepsplasty was good method of treatment in extension contracture of the knee. 3. The extension lag after modified Judet's procedures was increased initially but overcame by physical therapy, and did not significantly increase even after release of rectus femoris. 4. Modified Judet's procedure was able to permit early physical therapy without any skin problem.
Cicatrix ; Contracture ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Knee ; Male ; Methods ; Quadriceps Muscle ; Skin

The Saville's index of the lumbar spine and the Singh's index of the femoral neck is very simple method to measure degree of osteoporosis. Authors compared Singh's index and Savilles index with Dual Photon Absorptiometry(D.P.X.) and studied the reliability and clinical usefulness of two indices. We took the D.P.X. and simple L-spine lateral view in 103 patients in same time and also performed D.P.X. and both hips A-P view in 70 patients, then analyzed and compared each two indices with D.P.X. The Singh's index had less interpersonal difference and intrapersonal difference compared with Saville's spine index. There was some confidence of Singh's index and Saville's spine index compared with the D.P.X., but the relationship between Saville's spine index and D.P.X. was less promising than that of Singh's index. Authors suggest that the Saville's spine index has less clinical usefulness than Singh's index in measurement of osteoporosis.
Femur Neck ; Hip ; Humans ; Methods ; Osteoporosis ; Spine

T cell lymphoblastic lymphoma is characterized by immature lymphoid cells that are indistinguishable from the lymphoblasts and prolymphocytes of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Several characteristic clinical features of lymphoblastic lymphoma, with include a high male-to-female ratio, a relatively high incidence in older children and young adults, the frequent presence of mediastinal involvement at the time of diagnosis. Also, this disease is rapidly progressive, and early dissemination to the bone marrow, blood, and central nervous system leads to the evolution of a picture resembling a acute lymphoblastic leukemia. We have experienced a rare case of congenital T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma in which 1/365 year old female newborn had generalized multiple irregular protruding mass on her body. On bone marrow biopsy, CSF analysis, ultrasonogram and whole body MRI studies. We found metastasized tumor mass to, orbit, abdominal cavity, bulva, skin, and lower extremities. Histopathologically, specimen from mass on the right thigh showed diffuse infiltration of poorly differentiated and immature lymphoid cells in the skelectal muscle and subcutaneous soft tissue. By immunophenotyping studies using anti T cell and B cell monoclonal antibody, these cells were reactive with UCHL-1, MB2, but unreactive with MB1, L26. Based on these findings, the lesion was diagnosed as lymphoblastic lymphoma of the T-cell type, which occurred congenitally. Most T cell lymphoblastic lymphoma are noted, but congenital case was not reported. So we report it with a brief review of literature.
Abdominal Cavity ; Biopsy ; Bone Marrow ; Central Nervous System ; Child ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Lower Extremity ; Lymphocytes ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Orbit ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma* ; Skin ; T-Lymphocytes ; Thigh ; Ultrasonography ; Young Adult

No abstract available.
Arthroplasty ; Asia ; Hip

265 cases of head injury who visited the Department of Ophthalmology and Neurosurgery of the Catholic Medical Center from Jan. 1963 to Aug. 1964 were studied clinically. The ocular signs associated with head injuries were classified and analysed. The results of the study are as followings: 1. 118 cases had the associated ocular signs among the 265 cases of head injury. 2. Males were greater than females in number, and age 11 to 30 had in the highest incidence. 3. As the cause of the injury, vehicle accident occupied the largest number, and the next was fall down cases from the higher places. 4. As to the location of the head injury, the frontal was the most frequent region. 5. The cause of the death were the most frequent by the subdural hematoma followed to the vehicle accident. 6. The most frequent ocular signs of head injury revealed as following order: ecchymosis, hemorrhage of the lid and conjunctiva, optic nerve change, extraocular muscle paralysis. In frontal injuries ecchymosis, hemorrhage of the lid and conjunctiva, extraocuIar muscle paralysis were more frequently seen. The pupillary changes were rather often to show in parietal region injury. The prognosis of the patients who had mydriatic pupil was unfavorable. Most of those cases who resulted in death had the mydriasis without light reaction.
Conjunctiva ; Craniocerebral Trauma* ; Ecchymosis ; Female ; Head* ; Hematoma, Subdural ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Mydriasis ; Neurosurgery ; Ophthalmology ; Optic Nerve ; Paralysis ; Prognosis ; Pupil ; Rabeprazole