We developed Extor pins for Extor external fixator, it made of stainless steel and applied it clinically to manage open fractures and chronic osteomyelitis from December, 1993 to January, 1995. The main aim of present study is to compare the mechanical strength and biocompatibillity between Extor pins and AO Schanz pins, and to determine the safety and possibility of clinical use. We performed the biomechanical test for bending, tension, and shearing of pin itself using universal testing machine (LR5OK) and pullout test in cadeveric cortical femur to determine the bone holding power. There was no significant difference between Extor and AO Schanz pin (p>0.05). Clinically, the incidence of pin site infection, pin lossening, radiological rarefaction, and pathological change were not different significantly (p>0.05). Although Extor pins are somewhat different from AO Shanz pins in material and design characteristics, we can find the safety and possibility of clinical use of Extor pins made in Korea.
External Fixators* ; Femur ; Fractures, Open ; Incidence ; Korea ; Osteomyelitis ; Stainless Steel

BACKGROUND: There has been a change in the causes of aortic stenosis when comparence of rheumatioc aortic stenosis in recent year. Therefore, we studied the etiology factor of pure aortic stenosis. METHODS: The gross surgical pathologic features of the aortic valves were reviewed in 92 patients with pure aotic stenosis whom underwent aortic valve replacement at Yonsei University, Cardiovascular center between July 1989 and June 1994. RESULTS: The three most frequent causes were 1) calcification of congenital bicuspid valve in 30%, 2) degenerative calcification of aortic valve in 22%, 3) rheumatioc valvular change in 48%. The mean age at the time of aortic valve replacement for the entire series of patients was 54.4 years. The range of age was from 18 years to 77 years. Males predominated for degenerative disease and congenital bicuspid valves, but there were reversed rheumatic origin. One or more complications occured in 17% of patients undergoing operation. The surgical mortality was 3.3%. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that more common cause of aortic stenosis is non-rheumatic disease rather than rheumatinc origin.
Adult* ; Aortic Valve ; Aortic Valve Stenosis ; Constriction, Pathologic* ; Humans ; Male ; Mitral Valve ; Mortality

The variations of the occipital sinus were studied in 50 Korean adult cadavers. The morphology of the sinus was classified into 5 types accordingo to its number and the connection with the marginal sinus. These results were compared with the data of the occipital sinus of bones (Sir and Chung, 1907). And the opening of the occipital sinus in the confluens sinuum was observed. 1. A single small occipital sinus was found in 40%. Single occiital sinus with two large marginal sinuses was observed in 8%. The single sinus with a left marginal sinus (6%) and with a right marginal sinus(4%) were present. Double occipital sinuses were observed in 10% of the cadavers. No occipital sinus was discernible in 32%. 2. There were 39 openings of the occipital sinus including the double sinuses. The occipital sinuses communicated with the confluence sinuum in 35 cases (89.7%), with the straight sinus in 5.1% and with the right or left transverse sinus in 1 case, respectively. The openings in the confluens sinuum were found on the left side(51.3%), on the right side (10.3%) and in the center(28.2%). 3. The diameters of the occipital sinus were variable according to the connection with the sigmoid sinus. 4. The difference was found between the data of the morphological types of the occipital sinus that were studied in cadavers and in dry bones.
Adult* ; Cadaver ; Colon, Sigmoid ; Humans

No abstract available.
Bacillus anthracis* ; Bacillus*

No abstract available.
Hydrocephalus*

A 65 year-old male patient presented with a large palpable mass beneath the areola of the right breast for 7 years. The resected breast tissue was almost totally replaced by a round large solid mass (9 6 cm) with a pink-gray to yellow firm, partly nodular cut surface. Microscopically, the tumor revealed the diagnostic biphasic cellular pattern of adenoid cystic carcinoma, which consisted of both cribriform pattern of myoepithelial cells and tubular pattern of epithelial cells. On immunohistochemistry, the tumor revealed immunoreactivities for alpha-smooth muscle actin and S-100 protein in the myoepithelial cells and for AE1/AE3 in the epithelial cells. Mitoses were scarce. Multifocal lymphatic permeation and foci of perineural invasion were also found. Underlying resection margins and overlying skin were invaded by the tumor. We diagnosed this tumor as grade II adenoid cystic carcinoma according to the system utilized for the salivary gland tumors.
Actins ; Adenoids* ; Aged ; Breast* ; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic* ; Epithelial Cells ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male* ; Mitosis ; S100 Proteins ; Salivary Glands ; Skin

OBJECTIVES: We performed anterior spinal fusion and instrumentation in treatment of spinal tuberculosis. The clinical results of this operation and metal-related complications were evaluated to determine the rationale of anterior instrumentation in active tuberculous lesion. METHODS: From July 1989 to February 1993, we treated twenty-one patients with spinal tuberculosis by radical resection of the tuberculous lesion and bone grafting, followed by anterior instrumentation using Zielke rod system. The changes in spinal deformity were measured from lateral spinal radiographs obtained preoperatively and postoperatively at 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, 2 years and final follow-up. The recurrence of infection and possible complications were also observed clinically and radiologically. RESULTS: The mean kyphotic angle was decreased preoperatively from 21 degrees to 16 degrees at final follow-up in patients with thoracolumbar tuberculous lesions. The mean deformity angle was corrected 7 degrees in thoracolumbar tuberculosis and 12 degrees in lumbar tuberculosis compared with the preoperative deformity angle. There was not any persistence or recurrence of infection possibly related to the instrumentation. All patients were allowed early ambulation with the aid of a light brace. CONCLUSION: The clinical and radiological results suggested that the anterior instrumentation seemed to be one of the rational approaches for providing immediate stability in treating severe spinal tuberculosis without any significant risk of persistence or recurrence of infection.
Bone Transplantation ; Braces ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Early Ambulation ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Recurrence ; Spinal Fusion ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Spinal*

Lately the incidences of the patella fracture have been increasing due to frequent traffic and industrial accident, popularity of sports activity and falling. Sixty-nine cases of patella fractures, which were treated at Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym College in the years of 1980 to 1985, were reviewed and the authors obtained the following results : 1. Frequently involved were third to fifth decades. 2. Traffic accident was the most common cause of the fracture. 3. Out of 69 cases, 42 were treated by open reduction and internal fixation. Among them we used circumferential wiring for 22 cases, modified tension band wiring for 13 cases and tension band wiring for 7 cases respectively. The remaining 5 cases were treated by patellectomy. 4. The most favorable recovery from the fracture was obtsined from modified-tension-band-wiring group.
Accidental Falls ; Accidents, Occupational ; Accidents, Traffic ; Incidence ; Orthopedics ; Patella ; Sports

The management of LcP disease is dependent on the prognosis yet. This may be difficult to predict for the individual child, particularly at the onset of the disease when radiological sign may be minimal. But some form of conservative treatment is generally commenced before the prognosis become apparent. The purpose of this study was to determine the validity of Catterall's grouping and value of other radiological and clinical factors in predictiong prognisis and also the correlation between the clinical and radiological results at the conclusion of the pathological precess in LCP disease. Between the clinical and radiological results at the conclusion of the pathological process in LCP disease. Between June 1986 and July 1995, 64 childrens with LCP disease were tearted in Kyungpook University Hospital, 44 hips of 40 childrens who had adequate clinical and radiological data were reviewed. The average follow-up period was 5.4 years. The results obtained were followings: 1.The mean age at first visit or diagnosis was 6.7 years. 2. Of 40 childrens, 4 childrens had bilateral involvement. Boys were more predominat. 3. The degree of uncovering of femoral head and medial joint space at the presentation seemed to be prognostic factor for the end results. 4. Catterall & lateral pillar classification seemed to be difficult at presentation of the disease but also an important guide to determine the prognosis.
Child ; Classification ; Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Head ; Hip ; Humans ; Joints ; Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease ; Prognosis

We analysed a perceiving pain at each step (8 step: traction suture, wound incision, anterior capsulotomy, phacoemulsification, irrigation and aspiration, intraocular lens (IOL) implantation, wound suture, subtenon's injection) of cataract surgery by using visual analogue scale (0-10), prospectively. One hundred cases of cataract surgery were performed from November 1995 to March 1996 at Chonnam national university hospital and topical or retrobulbar anesthesia prior to cataract surgery was applied to each 50 patients. There was no difference of age, sex, running time for surgery, and incision method between topical and retrobulbar anesthesia. Pain scores at phacoemulsi fication. irrigation and aspiration, and subtenon's injection were higher than those at other steps in both types of anesthesia. However, a major range of pain scores at each step except of subtenon's injection was mild (1-3). In topical anesthesia, pain score was higher than retrobulbar anesthesia, but there was no statistically significant difference except a step of subtenon's injection. In conclusion, topical anesthesia might be an adequate anesthetic method for cataract surgery.
Anesthesia* ; Cataract* ; Humans ; Jeollanam-do ; Lenses, Intraocular ; Phacoemulsification ; Prospective Studies ; Running ; Sutures ; Traction ; Wounds and Injuries