No abstract available.
Ataxia* ; Brain Stem Neoplasms* ; Mesencephalon*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn*

Acute infarcts of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) territory are unusual. Furthermore incomplete AICA infarcts are perplexing because of its variations of vascular anatomy and inconsistent clinical features. We present a case with clinical features of AICA infarction, which consist of ipsilateral peripheral-type facial palsy, vertigo, and contralateral facial and upper limb sensory changes without motor weakness. The patient had hypertension and was a current smoker. The high signal intensity on inferior pontine tegmental area was found on MRI and the R2 interneuronal dysfunction was note on Blink reflex. The angiographic findings didn't show any focal vascular lesions, which is contrary to the pathogenesis of AICA infarction published previously. On the clinical ground, the present case reserves to attention in that patients with peripheral-type facial palsy should be properly evaluated and with thorough neurological examination and we could differentiate between the incomplete AICA infarcts such as Gasperini syndrome and Bell's palsy.
Arteries ; Bell Palsy ; Blinking ; Facial Paralysis* ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Infarction ; Interneurons ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neurologic Examination ; Upper Extremity ; Vertigo

The therapeutic efficacy of antipsychotic drugs is generally attributed to their ability to block dopamine D2 receptors. Classical D2 antagonists are not effective to treat negative symptoms and produce extrapyramidal side effects. On the other hand, atypical antipsychotic agents ameliorate negative symptoms without producing extra-pyramidal side effects, and it is reported to be associated with blockade of serotonin 5-HT2 receptors. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of risperidone on neuroreceptors in the rat brain by quantitative autoradiography method. In acute treatment group, risperidone was injected into peritoneal cavity of male Wistar rats with dose of 0, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1,0 and 2.0mg/kg in each Group(5/group), and they were decapitated after 2 hours. In chronic treatment group, risperidone was injected with dose of 0, 0.1, and 1mg/kg(I.P.) for 21 days and decapitated after 24 hours following last treatment. The effect of risperodone on the binding of [3H]spiperone to 5-HT2 and D2 receptors were analysed in 4 discrete regions of the striatum, nucleus accumbens, and frontal cortex by quantitative autoradiography. Acute treatment with risperidone reduced cortical 5-HT2 specific [3H]spiperone binding to 32% of vehicle-treated control. Subcortical 5-HT2 specific [3H]spiperone binding was not affected at all dose groups whereas a significant reduction (57%) in D2 specific [3H]spiperone binding was observed in risperidone treated group at doses of l-2mg/kg. Chronic treatment with risperidone produced a decrease in the maximal number of cortical 5-HT2 receptors to 51% and 46% of control in 0.1mg/kg & 1mg/kg treated group respectively. In conclusion, risperidone is a cortical serotonin receptor antagonist with relatively weak antagonistic action on dopamine receptors. These effects on neuroreceptors may explain the therapeutic effect of risperidone as a atypical antipsychotic agents.
Animals ; Antipsychotic Agents ; Autoradiography ; Brain* ; Dopamine* ; Hand ; Humans ; Male ; Nucleus Accumbens ; Peritoneal Cavity ; Rats* ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptors, Dopamine D2 ; Receptors, Dopamine* ; Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT2 ; Risperidone* ; Sensory Receptor Cells ; Serotonin*

An accurate preoperative evaluation of lymph nodes(LNs) in gastric cancer is a prerequisite for successful surgery and favorable prognosis. We retrospectively analyzed the Ct accuracy in perigastric LN localization and LN staging of gastric cancer as well as the size criteria for the metastasized LN in 64 patients who hed undergone a surgery for gastric cancer. The results of perigastric LNs evaluation by CT are as follows; sensitivity 67%(64/95), specificity 90%(839/929), accuracy 88%(903/1024). Of 95 pathologically metastasized LN groups, 66 could be retrospectively identified on Ct scans(69%). In LN staging, CT was correct in 60%(38/64), overstaged in 32%(21/64), and understaged in 8%(5/64). The perigastric LN groups which were easily localized on CT were #3, 7, 8, and 13. The mean size of metastasized LNs on CT according to the I.N group was #3 (13mm), #4(9mm), #6 (10mm), #7(10.5mm), #8 (10mm), #9 (11mm), #13 (9mm).
Humans ; Lymph Nodes* ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Stomach Neoplasms*

No abstract available.
Meningioma* ; Radiosurgery*

Adenoid cystic carcinoma is malignant tumor in salivary gland, and its behavior is very invasive. Of all malignant tumor adenoid cystic carcinoma is occured in frequency of 4.4% in major salivary gland, and 1.29% in minor salivary gland. Histopathologically, adenoid cystic carcinoma is characterized by a cribriform appearance, and tubular form and solid nest type tumor can be seen. The tumor cell structure composed of modified myoepithelial cell, and basaloid cell. Extracellular matrix of this tumor cell contains variable ground substance with basement membrane component. Basement membrane matrix composed of collagen fibers, glycoproteins, proteoglycans, and its function is well known that it participate in differentiation, proliferation, and growth of tumor cell. Basement membrane molecule is essential for invasion of peripheral nerve, blood vessel, skeletal muscle in tumor cell of adenoid cystic carcinoma. In many studies, the tumor cell of adenoid cystic carcinoma containing modified myoepithelial cell participate in synthesis of proteoglycan. In this study, tissue sample of adenoid cystic carcinoma of human salivary gland were obtained from 15 surgical specimen, and all specimen were routinely fixed in 10% formalin and embedded. Serial 4-micrometer thick sections were cut from paraffin blocks. the histopathologic evaluation was done with light microscopy. And, the immunohistochemical staining, characteristics of glycosaminoglycan were observed. For biochemical analysis of glycosaminoglycan, isolation of crude glycosaminoglycan from tumor tissue and Western bolt analysis were carried out. With transmission electomicroscopy, tumor cell were observed. Biologic behavior of adenoid cystic carcinoma was observed with distribution and expression of basement membrane of glycosaminoglycan in tumor cells, The results obtained were as follows: 1. In immunohistochemical study, chondroitin sulfate is postively stained in tumor cell and interstitial space, dermatan sulfate is weakly stained in ductal cell. But keratan sulfate is negatively stained. 2. In immunohistochemical study, heparan sulfate is strong positive stained in tumor cell and basement membrane, especially in invasion area to peripheral nerve tissue. 3. In transmission electromicroscpic view, the tumor cells are composed modifed myoepithelial cells, and contains many microvilli and rough endoplasmic reticulum. 4. In Western blot analysis, the expression of glycosaminoglycan is expressed mostly in heparan sulfate. From the results obtained in this study, tumor cell of adenoid cystic carcinoma is composed modified myoepithelial cell, and glycosaminoglycan of basement membrane molecule of heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate mostly participate in the development and invasiveness of adenoid cystic carcinoma by immunohistochemical study and western blot analysis.
Adenoids* ; Basement Membrane ; Blood Vessels ; Blotting, Western ; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic* ; Chondroitin Sulfates ; Collagen ; Dermatan Sulfate ; Endoplasmic Reticulum, Rough ; Extracellular Matrix ; Formaldehyde ; Glycoproteins ; Heparitin Sulfate ; Humans ; Keratan Sulfate ; Microscopy ; Microvilli ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Paraffin ; Peripheral Nerves ; Proteoglycans ; Salivary Glands ; Salivary Glands, Minor

The fallowing study was performed in 100 patients undergoing gynecologic lower abdominal surgery. Analgesic efficacy, changes in arterial blood pressure and heart rate, and incidence of side effect were observed after epidural injection of the drugs. The patients were devided into two groups (N=50). Group I was given a bolus dose of 1 mg morphine in 10 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine followed by continuous epidural infusion of morphine 0.05 mg/ml in 0.15% bupivacaine at 2 ml/hr. Group II was given a bolus dose of 100 ug fentanyl in 10 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine followed by continuous epidural infusion of fentanyl 5 ug/ml in 0.15% bupivacaine at 2 ml/hr. The results were as follows. 1) The pain score (visual analogue pain scale) measured at postoperation 1 hr was significantly decreased in Group II (1.51+/-1.0) compared to group I (2.20+/-1.1). Percentage of patients needed supplemental analgesics within postoperation 20 min was significantly lower in Group II (4%) than Group I (16%). 2) The cardiovascular changes for 2 hrs after epidutal injection were not occurred significant in both groups. 3) The incidence of nausea or vomiting was significantly lower in Group II (8%) than Group I (28%). Pruritus occurred also significantly less often in Group lI (6%) than group I (30%). Urinary retention and respiratory depression were not observed.
Analgesia, Epidural ; Analgesics ; Arterial Pressure ; Bupivacaine ; Fentanyl ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Incidence ; Injections, Epidural ; Morphine ; Nausea ; Pain, Postoperative* ; Pruritus ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Urinary Retention ; Vomiting

The mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of the orbit is so rare that only a few cases have been reported in Korea and world-wide. We experienced that a patient whose complaints were proptosis and diplopia caused by orbital tumor. After tumor removal, it was histologically diagnosed as mesenchymal chondrosarcoma. So we report a case of mesenchymal chonrosarcoma of the orbit with a review of the literature.
Chondrosarcoma, Mesenchymal* ; Diplopia ; Exophthalmos ; Humans ; Korea ; Orbit*

PURPOSE: The objectives of this study was to compare the efficacy of antibiotic monotherapy with antibiotic plus alpha-blocker combination therapy for the treatment of inflammatory chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between October 2005 and May 2006, 69 patients who were diagnosed as CPPS(National Institutes of Health; NIH-catagory IIIa), were included in this study. The patients were randomly placed into two groups: group I was treated with gatifloxacin alone(35 patients), and group II was treated with gatifloxacin and doxazosin(34 patients) for 6 weeks. For all the patients, the urinalysis, expressed prostatic massage, the National Institute of Health-Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index(NIH-CPSI) and a distal rectal examination(DRE) were performed at the initial visit. The NIH-CPSI was compared both before and after the treatment. RESULTS: On the initial diagnosis, the mean CPSI of the group I patients was 24.0+/-6.3, and that for the group II patients was 24.7+/-6.9. After the treatment, that of the group I was 16.6+/-5.4, and that of group II was 13.4+/-5.3. After 6 weeks of treatment, the changes in the total CPSI scores had significantly improved in group II compared with group I(p<0.05). A statistically significant improvement occurred in the pain score, the voiding symptom score and the quality of life in the group II compared with group I(p<0.05) CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that combination therapy of antibiotic plus alpha-blocker would be more effective than antibiotic monotheraphy for treating patients with inflammatory chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome.
Academies and Institutes ; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Fluoroquinolones ; Humans ; Massage ; Pelvic Pain ; Prostatitis ; Quality of Life ; Urinalysis