No abstract available.
Humans ; Peritonitis*

No abstract available.
Catheters* ; Renal Dialysis*

Malignant histiocytosis is a rare, usually fatal malignant neoplasm of reticuloendothelial systems. The disease is associated with fever, malaise, weight loss, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, pancytopenia, jaundice, and purpura. A 44-year-old female patient is described who had multiple, purple crusted nodules and plaques in the skin. In the laboratory study, pancytopenia was noted on the peripheral blood. In addition many atypical histiocytes were seen on the bone marrow aspiration. A lesional biopsy showed nodular infiltrations of atypical histiocytes in the dermis and some erythrophagocytosis was seen. Immunohistochemically, the histiocytes were weakly stained for lysozyme and α-l-antichymotrypsin, but were unstained for S-100 protein, cytokeratin, CEA(carcinoembryonic antigen), pan T/B marker CD30(ki-1), UCHL-1 LCA(leukocyte common antigen), and α-l-antitrypsin.
Adult ; Biopsy ; Bone Marrow ; Dermis ; Female ; Fever ; Histiocytes ; Histiocytic Sarcoma* ; Humans ; Jaundice ; Keratins ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Mononuclear Phagocyte System ; Muramidase ; Pancytopenia ; Purpura ; S100 Proteins ; Skin ; Weight Loss

A total 400 patients underwent 676 treatments with E.D.A.P.-LTOI extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for urinary tract stones between February 25 and August 18, 1987. The results were obtained as follows; 1. sex ratio was about 3: 1, 292(73.0 %) in male and 108(27.0 %) in female patients. The average patient age was 43.9 years, with a range of 2 to 85 years. The fifth decade(30.5 %) was most followed by the forth decade (26.0 %) and sixth decade (20.7 %). 2. Treated stone locations were kidney in 286 (71.5 %);calyx in 187 (46.8%) and renal pelvis in 98 (24.5 %) and ureter in 144 (28.5 %); upper ureter in 71 (17.8%) and lower ureter 43(10.7 %). There were multiple renal stone in 83 (20.7 %), bilateral renal stone in 22(5.5 %), bilateral renal stone in 22 (5.5 %), bilateral ureteral stone in 3 (0.7 %) and unilateral renal and ureteral stones in 23 (5.8 %). The average stone size was 1.6 cm, with a range of 0.6 to 4.8 cm. 3. The average numbers of treatment were 1.4 sessions and the average treatment time was 13.7 minutes, with a range of 12 to 78 minutes. Of the patients, 81 (20.2 %) were complained severe pain but treatment interruption or anesthesia were not required. 4. The success rate of treatment-ended patients were 97.8 % in 0.6~1.0cm(137 cases), 89.2% in 1.0~2.0 cm (93 cases) and 89.2 % in 2.0~3.0 cm (37 cases). Therefore, the total average success rate was 93.6 %. 5. The method of pre-ESWL additional manipulation was used a ureteral stone `push up` in 12 (3.0 %). The post-ESWL additional measures were made in 10 (2.5%); ureteral manipulation in 8 cases and lithotomy in 2 cases. The causes of failed ESWL (21 cases) were stone components in 8, impacted stone in 8, incomplete stone localization in 4 and infundibular stricture in 1. 6. ESWL-complications were required admission and medical management in 18(4.5 %); colic in 12 (3.0 %), acute urinary retention in 2 (0.5 %) and subscapular hematoma in 1(0.3% ), Therefore, we confirmed that E.D.A.P.-LTOI ESWL is a safe and effective method for the treatment of urinary tract stones.
Anesthesia ; Colic ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Female ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Kidney ; Kidney Pelvis ; Lithotripsy ; Male ; Sex Ratio ; Shock* ; Ureter ; Urinary Calculi ; Urinary Retention

Sexual histories of 176 patients of the sexual dysfunctions, who visited Department of Urology of Chung-Ang University Hospital from May, l986 to Aug. l986, were reviewed and compared with findings of the diagnostic examinations. The results were as follows. 1. The erectile dysfunction was 92.6% and the ejaculatory dysfunction was 7.4%. Of the erectile dysfunctions, 58.2% was psychogenic and 4l.8% was organic. The most common etiology of the organic impotence was diabetes mellitus, followed by vascular, trauma, drug, neurogenic, and endocrinogenic in order. 2. Ages of 20 years was the most common, followed by ages of 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 years in order Unmarraged single patients were 42.6%. 3. The patients whose living conditions and anxiety had influence on their sexual life were 27.3%, and the patients whose sexual problems had influence on their daily life or married life were 84.3 %. But the patients who had ever visited psychiatrists for sexual problems were only 8.6%. 4. Sexual desire of the patients was low, as compared with their ages, in 37.3%. The patients who never had sexual desire from their sexual partners were 24.3%. And indifference of their sexual partners to the patients or lack of their sexual desire was l8.4% or 21.8%. 5. Out of the 20 cases who was considered as definitely psychogenic impotent patients on the base of the sexual histories, 5 were proved to be organic by the diagnostic examinations. And out of 11 cases of organic impotences, 5 cases were turned out to be pychogenic. In conclusion, the fact that the patients of the sexual dysfunction were much more common in younger ages than expected, implies lack of sexual education and sexual knowledge with insufficient sexual expecience make them patients of the psychogenic sexual dysfunction. And the effects of sexual dysfunction on their daily life are very serious in most patients, particularly in the younger ages.
Anxiety ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Education ; Erectile Dysfunction ; Humans ; Male ; Psychiatry ; Sexual Partners ; Social Conditions ; Urology

No abstract available.
Acute Kidney Injury/microbiology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Biopsy ; Humans ; Kidney/*microbiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mycoplasma pneumoniae/drug effects/*isolation & purification ; Nephritis/diagnosis/drug therapy/*microbiology ; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma/diagnosis/drug therapy/*microbiology ; Skin Diseases, Bacterial/diagnosis/drug therapy/*microbiology ; Steroids/therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome ; Vasculitis/diagnosis/drug therapy/*microbiology

PURPOSE: Allelic loss on chromosome 18q is a hallmark of presence of a tummor represser gene. Recently, DPC4 (deleted in pancreatic carcinoma, locus 4), a candidate tumor suppressor gene, has been localized at 18q21. Inactivation of DPC4 gene was reported in pancreatic carcinomas, coloretal carcinomas, and prostatic carcinomas. The aim of the present study was to determine if it might be altered in stomach cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We tested for DPC4 gene mutations and allelic status at 18q21 using a modified 'cold SSCP' method in 48 primary gastric carcinoma and correlated the findings with various clinicopathologic characteristics of the patients. RESULTS: The frequency of mutations in primary gastric cancer was 27.1% (13/48). Mutations of exon 1, 8, 10 were found in 2 (4.1%), 4 (8.2%) and 7 cases (14.6%), respectively. DNA sequencing of 13 cases with DPC4 mutations identified six cases (46.1%) with substitution, four cases with deletion (30.7%), and two cases (23.1%) with insertion. No significant difference was observed in the frequency of DPC4 mutations in terms of other various clinicopathologic characteristics. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that DPC4 mutations may play a significant role in the establishment and progression of the primary gastric cancer.
Exons ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Humans* ; Loss of Heterozygosity ; Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Stomach Neoplasms* ; Stomach*

No abstract available.
Ataxia* ; Brain Stem Neoplasms* ; Mesencephalon*

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We had previously demonstrated by immunohistochemical study (IHS) that nm23-H1 gene may play an important role in disease prognosis as well as its participation in metastasis of urothelial cancer. The purpose of present study was 1) to reexamine the role of nm23-H1 gene in urothelial cancers at molecular level, 2) to identify the molecular mechanism of decreased immunoreactivity for nm23-H1 protein in metastatic urothelial cancers, and 3) to identify whether IHS is reliable in studying the expression of nm23-H1. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied expression level and mutation profiles of nm23-H1 gene in 25 fresh surgical specimens of urothelial cancer by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)-Southern blotting analysis, and PCR of genomic DNA followed by single strand conformation polymorphism and sequencing analysis. The results of RT-PCR-Southern blotting were comparatively analyzed with those of IHS. RESULTS: mRNA transcript levels of nm23-H1 gene were significantly decreased in tumor tissues with metastasis as compared with those without metastasis. The transcript levels of nm23-H1 gene were also significantly decreased in metastatic tumor tissues as compared with primary tumor tissues. Point mutation of nm23-H1 gene was detected in only 1 of 13 urothelial cancer tissues with metastasis, whereas, mutation was observed in none of those without metastasis. The results of IHS corresponded with those of RT-PCR-Southern blotting analysis in 23 of 25 specimens. CONCLUSIONS: The nm23-H1 gene may play an important role in metastasis of urothelial cancer. Decreased transcription at mRNA level may be a major molecular mechanism of loss of immunoreactivity for nm23-H1 protein in urothelial cancer. IHS used in the present study may be a clinically useful method to study the expression of nm23-H1 and to predict metastasis potential and prognosis of urothelial cancers.
DNA ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Point Mutation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prognosis ; Reverse Transcription ; RNA, Messenger ; Urologic Neoplasms*

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Laser induced prostatectomy(LIP) has recently been considered as safe alternative to conventional transurethral resection of the prostate(TURP) in the surgical treatment of BPH. However, the value of LIP remains incompletely defined. We herein have performed a prospective study to compare TURP and LIP in treatment efficacy, safety and costs to define the value of LIP. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 113 patients with BPH who were candidates of TURP were randomized to undergo TURP or LIP and were adequately followed up for more than 1 year. There were no significant differences in preoperative clinical characteristics between 55 patients who underwent TURP and 58 patients who underwent LIP. For the LIP procedure, Nd:YAG was used in 42 patients and diode laser in 16 patients, respectively. 37 patients were treated by contact LIP only, and 21 with hybrid procedures of contact LIP and noncontact LIP using side firing laser fiber or interstitial laser fiber. Seven patients underwent LIP under local anesthesia at the outpatient department. RESULTS: International prostate symptom score(IPSS) and peak urinary flow rate(Qmax) were significantly improved at 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year after LIP as well as after TURP. There were no significant difference between TURP group(85.4%) and LIP group(87.9%) in treatment success rate as defined by improvement of IPSS and Qmax as well as patient's content for the surgical outcome. Nine(16.4%) and two(3.6%) of the patients who underwent TURP and none of the patients who LIP underwent developed ignificant bleeding and electrolyte imbalance, respectively. There were no significant difference in postoperative incidence of retrograde ejaculation, infection and urethral stricture between the two groups. Compared to TURP, the LIP procedure required significantly shorter hospitalization(6.8 vs 4.5 days) and catheterization(4.1 vs 2.6 days, all p<0.0l). There was no significant difference in total treatment cost between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: LIP may be comparable to TURP in terms of short term treatment efficacy and cost effectiveness. LIP may be better than TURP in terms of safety and shortened hospitalization and catheterization. Further studies are necessary on long-term outcomes of LIP."
Anesthesia, Local ; Catheterization ; Catheters ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Ejaculation ; Fires ; Health Care Costs ; Hemorrhage ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lasers, Semiconductor ; Lip ; Male ; Outpatients ; Prospective Studies ; Prostate* ; Prostatectomy* ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate ; Treatment Outcome ; Urethral Stricture