BACKGROUND: Trichloroacetic acid chemexfoliation has gained popularity and is widely used cosmetically. The depth of the wound caused by the various dilutions of TCA is paramount to the therapeutic efficacy. Therfore rational use of TCA chemexfoliation requires a clear understanding of the expected depth of destruction caused by a given dilution. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this stuely is to quantitate the wound deptlw produced by varying concentrations of TCA. We have stirdied takie effects of consecutive applications, occlusion and tretinoin pretreatment on wound depth in TCA clinimical peeling. METHODS: Various concentrations of TCA and distilled water were aplied to two pairs of test sites of a guinea pigs back in a uniform fashion with cotton-tip applicators and then we have measured the mean depth of epidermal necrtsis mieroscopically by using Visual Imagc Data Analysis System. RESULTS: 1. Depths of wounds createdly threre consecutive applications of 20, 35% and 50% TCA were deeper than those of wounds by a single application of TCA. 2. Depths of wounds created by application of TCA with the occlusive method were deeper than those of the open method. Therefore the effect of occlusion is to enhance the penetration of TCA. 3. Depths of wounds pretreatwi with 0.05 % tretinoin daily for 7 days are deeper than those of the control in 50% TCA chemical peeling. Therefore the effect of 0.05% retinoin pretreatment is to enhance the penetration of TCA. CONCLUSION: This study showed that consecutive applications, oeclusion and tretinoin pretreatment in TCA chemexfoliation enhance the peietration of TCA.
Animals ; Chemexfoliation* ; Guinea Pigs ; Statistics as Topic ; Tretinoin ; Trichloroacetic Acid* ; Water ; Wounds and Injuries

No abstract available.
Biopsy* ; Prostate*

We report a typical case of Hunters syndrr me in a 9 year old boy, who presented with firm skin colored nodules that coalesce to form a reticular pattern on a symmetrical rea between the angles of the scapulas, which is regarded as the pathognornonic cutaneous rnarker, for Hunters syndrome. He also showed growth retardation, clear corneas, hepatomegaly, attertich deficit and mild mental deterioration. The skin biopsy specimen taken frorn a typical nodule shows loosely arranged collagen fibers with massive mucinous material which stains positively with aliar blue at both pH 2.5 and 0.5, metachromatic granules within fibroblast stained with toluidine blue.
Biopsy ; Child ; Collagen ; Coloring Agents ; Cornea ; Fibroblasts ; Hepatomegaly ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Male ; Mucins ; Mucopolysaccharidosis II* ; Scapula ; Skin* ; Tolonium Chloride

Patients with migraine frequently have hypersensitivity to light, sound, and smell. In addition to these hallmark features of migraine, patients often describe vestibular complaints ranging from true vertigo to less specific symptoms of dizziness, unsteadiness, and head motion intolerance. Over the last two decades a number of studies have stressed the association of migraine with vestibular and ocular motor disorders. Migraine may be a most common cause of various forms of episodic vertigo, but definite diagnostic criteria for migraine related vertigo are still lacking. As migrainous vertigo is an evolving entity, terminology is confusing and generally accepted diagnostic criteria are not established. The interrelations of migraine and dizziness can be classified into seven categories: (1) vertigo as an aura of migraine-basilar type migraine, (2) episodic vertigo attack without typical temporal relationship to migraine headache-migraine equivalent, (3) vertigo/dizziness during migraine attack, (4) susceptibility of motion sickness in migraine patients, (5) CACNA1A gene mutation and migraine-familial hemiplegic migraine, episodic ataxia type 2, (6) well defined vertigo syndromes that are not caused by migraine but show a statistical association with migraine-Meniere's disease, BPPV, (7) non-vestibular dizziness in migraine patients-psychiatric comorbidity, antimigraine medication. Each part of categories will be discussed.
Ataxia ; Comorbidity ; Dizziness ; Epilepsy ; Head ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Light ; Migraine Disorders ; Motion Sickness ; Nystagmus, Pathologic ; Smell ; Vertigo

No abstract available.

PURPOSE: To describe the appearance and average thickness of the internal anal sphincter with anal endosonography in healthy Korean adults. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 184 subjects(male: 96, female: 88) with no history of anorectal disease or surgery were studied with anal endosonography. The average thickness of internal sphincter was meas ured at the mid-anal canal. For the internal sphincter, which is often asymmetric, the thickness of each 4 part(12, 3, 6 and 9 o'clock direction) were measured in left lateral decubitus position. RESULTS: The anal wall was well visualized in 5 layers(mucosa, submucosa, internal anal sphincter, intersphincteric plane, external anal sphincter) with anal endosonography. The anal endosonogram showed the internal anal sphincter as a homogenous, well-defined, hypoechoic, circular band, and slightly asymmetric. The average thickness of the internal anal sphincter in the area of mid-anal portion was 2.0 0.3 mm(range: 1~3 mm). There was no sexual difference; however, a significant positive correlation with age was found in average thickness of the internal anal sphincter. The correlation with lean body mass was not found. CONCLUSION: The internal anal sphincter is well-visualized, best defined structure by anal endosonography. Average thickeness of the sphincter in Korean appeared to be the same as in the Western.
Adult* ; Anal Canal* ; Endosonography ; Female ; Humans

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the clinical outcomes and associated repair integrity in patients treated with arthroscopic repair for a transtendinous rotator cuff tear followed by resection of the remnant rotator cuff tendon. METHODS: Between July 2007 and July 2011, we retrospectively reviewed patients who were treated for transtendinous full-thickness tears in the tendinous portion of the rotator cuff by arthroscopic repair. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, the Shoulder Rating Scale of the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), the Constant-Murley score, a visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score, and range of motion (ROM). The repair integrity was determined by magnetic resonance imaging or ultrasonography. RESULTS: There were 19 shoulders with transtendinous full-thickness tears in the tendinous portion of the rotator cuff. The ASES, UCLA, Constant-Murley, and VAS pain scores showed significant improvements in function and symptoms (all p<0.001). The active ROM for forward flexion and abduction was also significantly improved (p=0.002 and p<0.001, respectively). The postoperative radiological examination showed cuff integrity without a re-tear in 68.4% of patients. However, the UCLA, ASES, and Constant-Murley scores were not significantly different between healed and re-torn group (p=0.530, p=0.885, and p=0.262, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Although repair of transtendinous rotator cuff tears followed by resection of the remnant rotator cuff tendon in the footprint has a relatively high re-tear rate, no significant difference was observed in the short-term clinical results between the re-tear and healed groups.
Arthroscopy ; California ; Elbow ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Retrospective Studies ; Rotator Cuff* ; Shoulder ; Surgeons ; Tears* ; Tendons ; Ultrasonography

Reviewing the results of the blood cultures performed at Yeungnam University Hospital during 4-year-period through January, 1, 1984 to December 31, 1987, the following results were obtained. 1) Out of 8083 blood specimens cultured microorganisms grew in 582 specimens with positivity rate of 7.20%. Polymicrobial bacteremia was found in 16 patients. 2) Among 582 positive specimens, Gram-positive cocci grew in 189 specimens, and Gram-negative bacilli, in 393 specimens. Clinically significant microorganisms consisted of 82 Staphylococcus aureus, and 20 Streptococcus species in Gram-positive cocci group, 80 Salmonella typhi, 72 Escherichia coli, 72 Salmonella paratyphi A in Enterobacteriaceae, and 46 Pseudomonas cepacia, and 16 Pseudomonas aeruginosa in glucose non-fermenting microorganisms. 3) Increasing incidence of Serratia, Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas species as major nosocomial infection source is noteworthy. They showed increased tendency from 6.3% of 1984 to 17.7% of 1987 of total positive blood cultures. 4) High isolation rate of Pseudomonas species and Aeromonas hydrophila was noted in summer, while Salmonella typhi showed high prevalence from May to September and in January. 5) In susceptibility tests of isolated organisms, staphylococcus aureus was sensitive to basic antimicrobial agents except for ampicillin. The glucose non-fermenting microorganisms showed high resistance to basic antimicrobial agents in 32.2%. In conclusion, considering the relatively higher incidence of growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis than ideal level indicates that sampling technique should be improved. Secondly, all the hospital staffs in cooperation with Hospital Infection Committee are desirable to pay efforts to decrease the nosocomial infection.
Acinetobacter ; Aeromonas hydrophila ; Ampicillin ; Anti-Infective Agents ; Bacteremia ; Burkholderia cepacia ; Cross Infection ; Enterobacteriaceae ; Escherichia coli ; Glucose ; Gram-Positive Cocci ; Humans ; Incidence ; Prevalence ; Pseudomonas ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Salmonella paratyphi A ; Salmonella typhi ; Serratia ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Staphylococcus epidermidis ; Streptococcus

No abstract available.
Humans ; Pityriasis* ; Tinea Versicolor* ; Treatment Outcome*

By means of a sensitive radioirnrnunoassay method,ferritin was assessed in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 50 hospitalized subjects to evaluate its potential value for the diagnosis of tuberculous rneningititis. The rnean ferritin value obtained in the controls was 4.29ng /rnl with ranging between 1.7 and7.4ng/rmL The differences of CSF ferritin content between controls and patients with aseptic rneningitis as well as other non-infectious neurologic disorder were not significant. But rnarked elevation ranging 14 and 88ng/rnl (rnean, 37.4ng/rnl) were observed in patients with tuberculous rneningitis. And the ratio of CSF ferritin to serum ferritin in paients with tuberculous rneningitis was elevated significantly rnore than those in other groups inculuding controls, patients with aseptic rneningitis and other non-infectious neurologic disorder. The level in the serurn and CSF were independent, but that in CSF correlated vrith its total protein content. Results of this study suggest rneasuring CSF ferritin level are a valuable adjunct in differentiating aseptic meningitis from uncomplicated tuberculous meningitis.
Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Diagnosis ; Ferritins* ; Humans ; Meningitis* ; Meningitis, Aseptic ; Nervous System Diseases ; Tuberculosis, Meningeal