PURPOSE: This study was a survey to provide basic data about nursing interventions for improving the quality of life among family caregivers for the elderly by examining their care burden, burnout, and quality of life, and by confirming the correlation between each of them. METHOD: The subjects were 215 people in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province who understood the purpose of this study and participated voluntarily from April 1 to June 4, 2007. Data was analyzed by the SAS program. RESULT: 1. Concerning primary caregivers of the elderly, it was found that their care burden was slightly high, burnout was high and quality of life was good on the whole. 2. When it comes to the correlation among care burden, burnout, and quality of life among family caregivers, it was found that burnout increases in proportion to care burden, quality of life decreases as care burden increases, and bigger burnout leads to a lower quality of life. CONCLUSION: The quality of life among primary caregivers should be improved by reducing their care burden and burnout. Thereby, a priority might be considered for admission to nearby, comfortable nursing homes or failing that, home visiting services, rather than family support in the home.
Aged ; Caregivers ; House Calls ; Humans ; Nursing Homes ; Phenothiazines ; Quality of Life

The present study has been undertaken, using 307 seemingly "normal" male rabbits sold in Korea, which were tested for sysphilis with two serologic tests, the RPR card test and the TPHA test. Among thc rabbits which were seropositive in these tests, 10 rabbits were selected for further tests, namely, the FTA test a.nd FTA-ABS test. The following results have been obtained. Nine rabbits(2.9%) were reactive in both the RPR card test and the TPHA test; 10(3.2%) were reactive in the RPR card test and non-reactive in the TPHA test; 8(2. 6%) were reactive in the TPHA test and non-reactive in the RPR card test, and 27(8.7%) were reactive in either tests. 2. The rabbits which were reactive in the TPHA test were also reactive in the FTA and FTA-ABS test. As can be seen in the results, 8.7% of the normal male rabbits sold in Korea are seropositive in the serologic tests for syphilis. Cnnsequently, all rabbit's undergoing syphilis experiments should be screened for possible reactive serologic tests and excluded from the experiments.
Dronabinol ; Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody-Absorption Test ; Humans ; Korea* ; Male* ; Rabbits* ; Serologic Tests* ; Syphilis*

We studied ninety cases of thyroid glands both histopathologically and by immunohistochemical methods in patients with Graves' disease using B and T cell markers to evaluate the role of lymphocytic subpopulation. Females were affected more frequently than males with a ratio of 6.5:1, and usually the females were younger than the males at the time of surgery. The heavier the lymphocytic infiltration, the higher was the percentage of germinal center formation or fibrosis. The degree of lymphocytic infiltration was also related to the titers of antithyroglobulin or antimicrosomal antibodies. T cells were mostly scattered individually or in small groups between the follicles; however, in the severely infiltrated group, the major pattern was in clusters. T8 positive cells were more abundant than T4 positive cells, and their distribution pattern was accordant with T11 positive cells. Immunoglobulin synthesizing B cells were positively stained in 47 of 94 cases tested and IgG was the most predominant. In the mild and moderate lymphocytic infiltration groups, IgM was mostly stained at the mantle zone or in the lymphoid cluster of the interfollicular stroma, whereas IgM positive cells were present exclusively in the germinal center of the severely infiltrated group. The results of our study indicate that the major lymphocyte subpopulation in Graves' disease is B lymphocytes, and the degree of T lymphocytic infiltration correlated better with titers of antimicrosomal antibody than antithyroglobulin.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Female ; Graves' Disease/immunology/*pathology ; Human ; Immunoglobulins/metabolism ; Lymphocytes/immunology/pathology ; Male ; Middle Age ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Thyroid Gland/immunology/pathology

No abstract available.
Liver Transplantation* ; Liver*

The subcommittee on the Assessment of Korean Gastroenterology Research Achievements of the Korean Society of Gastroenterology (KSG) conducted a survey of SCI papers in the fields of gastroenterology to evaluate the current status of Korean gastroenterology research. A total of 4,260 papers were confirmed as gastroenterology papers published by researchers affiliated with Korean medical institutions during the 1974-2006 periods. Among those 4,260 papers, 2,373 papers were authored by the members of the KSG. The first Korean gastroenterology SCI paper was published in 1981 and the Korean SCI gastroenterology publication output dramatically increased since 1995. Sixty three institutions published SCI papers and 14 institutions published more than 100 SCI papers. Sixteen members of KSG published more than 20 SCI papers as reprint authors. Ninety percent of Korean gastroenterology papers was cited at least once. KSG member reprint author papers were cited an average of 4.1 times within 3 years after publication. Korean gastroenterology research achievements over the last 30 years show a remarkable growth in terms of quantity and quality. The KSG members have played central roles in these progresses, and it is anticipated that they will continue to do so in the future.
Academies and Institutes ; Achievement ; Authorship ; *Bibliometrics ; Biomedical Research/*statistics & numerical data ; Gastroenterology/*statistics & numerical data ; Korea ; Periodicals as Topic/*statistics & numerical data

Bile leak is one of the complications of both open and laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The majority of postcholecystectomy leaks occur from the cystic duct stump. Due to their location and small size, accessory ducts are vulnerable to injury during cholecystectomy. A clinical significant leak from the injured accessory bile duct is rare and has rarely been reported in Korea. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has a major role both in detecting such a leak, determining its site, and in managing it. A case was experienced involving a significant bile leak after laparoscopic cholecystectomy from the accessory bile duct in a 49 year-old man. The site of the leak was diagnosed by ERCP and the leak was successfully treated endoscopically by using biliary stenting. However, the diagnosis of the accessory bile duct was established only by a follow-up ERCP done after the healing of the bile leak. This case in herein reported with a review of the related literature.
Bile Ducts* ; Bile* ; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde ; Cholecystectomy ; Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic* ; Cystic Duct ; Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Korea ; Middle Aged ; Stents

The two most common causes of acute pancreatitis are alcohol and cholelithiasis. Acute recurrent pancreatitis can result from a variety of abnormalities involving the terminal end of the distal choledochus, pancreatic duct, ampulla of Vater and the major duodenal papilla, which in turn may include a papillary stenosis, periampullary neoplasm, choledochocele, sphincter of Oddi dysfunction, and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Recently a case of recurrent acute pancreatitis associated with aberrant cystic duet insertion at the ampulla of Vater was experienced. Biliary-pancreatic reflux was speculated to be the mechanism responsible for causing this anomalous, recurrent, acute pancreatitis. Another case of acute pancreatitis associated with aberrant cystic duct insertion at the ampulla of Vater was also experienced in a 29-year-old man, 1Jnlike the previous report, our case showed cholestatic features on the initial blood chemistry. An endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancre-atography performed after recovry revealed only aberrant cystic duct insertion at the ampulla of Vater. This anomaly also seems to have played a role in causing acute pancreatitis in this patient. This interesting case is herein reported with a review of the relevant literature.
Adenocarcinoma ; Adult ; Ampulla of Vater* ; Chemistry ; Choledochal Cyst ; Cholelithiasis ; Common Bile Duct ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Cystic Duct* ; Humans ; Pancreatic Ducts ; Pancreatitis* ; Sphincter of Oddi Dysfunction

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Obstruction of the main pancreatic duct (MPD) has been considered one of the major causes for pain in chronic pancreatitis (CP). In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of MPD stenting in painful CP, and tried to determine a guideline for stent removal. METHODS: Sixteen patients with painful CP who underwent MPD stenting were included. Follow up ERCP was performed 3 months after stenting in all patients. Stents were removed in patients who achieved pain relief, complete stone clearance, and decreased MPD diameter after 3 months. RESULTS: Before stenting, ERCP showed MPD stricture in 11 cases, MPD dilatation by stone in 1 case, concomitant stricture and stone in 4 cases. After stenting, complete pain relief was achieved in 13 patients (81.3%) and partial pain relief was achieved in 3 patient (18.7%). There was no patient whose pain was not relieved. Stents were removed in 7 patients who achieved pain relief, complete stone clearance, and decreased MPD diameter after 3 months. Decrease of MPD diameter was significantly greater in patient who could remove stent than those who could not (72.9% vs. 127.9% of initial MPD diameter, p=0.008). CONCLUSIONS: If partial or full pain relief is achieved after MPD stenting and follow up ERCP after 3 months shows decreased MPD diameter compared to the initial one, stent removal might be considered.
Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Dilatation ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Pancreatic Ducts* ; Pancreatitis, Chronic* ; Stents*

No abstract available.

This article presents the results of the Implementation Study of the Seoul Cancer Registry, which started in July, 1991 as a population based cancer registry in Seoul, Korea. The completeness and validity of the registered data were evaluated using Mortality/Incidence ratio (M/I ratio), Histologically Verified Cases (HV%), Primary Site Uncertain (PSU%), and Age Unknown (Age UNK%). Owing to the additional active surveillance, the completeness of the data turned out to be fairly acceptable, except for the aged over 75(Mortality/Incidence ratio was over 100%). Eventhough the Seoul cancer registry(SCR) has further way to go in the completeness especially among elderly persons, the validity of SCR data was also acceptable in terms of HV%, PSU%, and Age UNK%. However, PSU% and Age UNK% might need to be further reduced to be comparable with other well established cancer registries. The age standardized incidence rates(ASR) of all cancers between July 1, 1991 and June 30, 1992 were 232.4/100,000 in males and 147.9/100,000 in females. The top five major sites of cancers in Seoul were the stomach, liver, lung, colo-rectum, and bladder in order in males, and the uterine cervix, stomach, breast, colo-rectum, and liver in females. Those 5 cancer sites comprised 68.9% and 64.7% of the total cancer incidence in males and females, respectively.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Human ; Incidence ; Infant ; Korea/epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Age ; Neoplasms/*epidemiology/pathology ; *Registries ; Sex Factors ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't