Esophageal duplication is the congenital developmental anomaly manifestated as cystic or tubular type. The tubular esophageal duplication found at adult is extremely rare. A patient with tubular esophageal duplication is reported. A 37 years old male developed epigastric pain aggravated at hunger state from 2 monthes before administration. Gastrofiberscopy was done, and we could found the tubular esophageal duplication at 25 cm from incisiors. Esophagogram exposed the tunnel communicated with right anterior side of normal esophagus at upper and lower part of the tubular pathway with the length of 6 cm at T4-5 level. The microscopic finding of the tubular lumen revealed normal esophageal wall structure involving the outer part of muscle layer. Surgical resection was not done for the lesion was small and no symptom due to esophageal duplication was present. And so, the authors report this case as a tubular esophageal duplication with a literature review.
Adult ; Esophagus ; Humans ; Hunger ; Male

Genetic susceptibility is involved in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. Association studies with a whole genome-based approach instead of a single or a few candidate genes may be useful for discovering new susceptible genes. Although the etiology of non-segmental and segmental types is different, the association between gene polymorphisms and vitiligo has been reported, without defining types or in non-segmental type. Whole genome-based single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were examined in patients with non-segmental and segmental types of vitiligo using the Affymetrix GeneChip 500K mapping array, and 10 functional classes of significant SNPs were selected. Genotyping and data analysis of selected 10 SNPs was performed using real-time PCR. Genotype and allele frequencies were significantly different between both types of vitiligo and three of the target SNPs, DNAH5 (rs2277046), STRN3 (rs2273171), and KIAA1005 (rs3213758). A stronger association was suggested between the mutation in KIAA1005 (rs3213758) and the segmental type compared to the non-segmental type of vitiligo. DNAH5 (rs2277046), STRN3 (rs2273171), and KIAA1005 (rs3213758) may be new vitiligo-related SNPs in Korean patients, either non-segmental or segmental type.
Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/*genetics ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group/*genetics ; Autoantigens/*genetics ; Axonemal Dyneins/*genetics ; Calmodulin-Binding Proteins/*genetics ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; *Genome, Human ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Republic of Korea ; Vitiligo/*genetics ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: This study was to investigate the effect of music therapy as intervention on peripheral neuropathic pain and anxiety of gynecologic cancer patients who were undergoing paclitaxel chemotherapy. METHODS: Hospitalized 62 patients were assigned to an experimental group (n=30) and a control group (n=33) in this quasi-experimental study. The experimental group participated in music therapy that includes listening, singing and song writing during 1 hour. The peripheral neuropathic pain, anxiety and depression were examined as pre-intervention evaluation by using pain scale, anxiety scale (20 questions) and depression scale (20 questions) in both groups. There were no further treatments for the control group while the experimental group involved in music therapy. The peripheral neuropathic pain and anxiety were evaluated in both groups as post-intervention evaluation. RESULTS: Outcomes were verified through hypothesis testing. The level of peripheral neuropathic pain and anxiety in the experimental group was decreased, compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: According to the study, music therapy is a beneficial intervention that reduces peripheral neuropathic pain and anxiety in gynecologic cancer patients. These findings are encouraging and suggest that music therapy can be applied as an effective intervention for minimizing chemotherapy related symptoms.
Anxiety ; Depression ; Humans ; Music ; Music Therapy ; Neuralgia ; Paclitaxel ; Singing ; Writing

PURPOSE: To report the long-term surgical outcomes of a muscle union procedure in patients with paralytic strabismus. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 20 patients who underwent muscle union procedure for paralytic strabismus from September 2010 to March 2018. We analyzed the clinical results before and at the final visit after surgery. We also compared the outcomes of the first year after surgery between patients with sixth cranial nerve palsy, with third cranial nerve palsy and with medial rectus muscle rupture after endoscopic sinus surgery. RESULTS: The mean follow-up duration was 42 ± 20 months (12–79 months). The mean age at surgery was 40 ± 19 years (7–65 years). Eleven patients underwent surgery for sixth cranial nerve palsy, six patients underwent surgery for third cranial nerve palsy, and three patients underwent surgery for medial rectus rupture after endoscopic sinus surgery. The mean horizontal deviation at the primary eye position was 58 ± 19 prism diopters before surgery and decreased to 14 ± 17 prism diopters at the final visit. The success rate at the last visit was 60%. The mean horizontal deviation at postoperative 1 year was 4 ± 9 prism diopters in the sixth nerve palsy group and 26 ± 16 prism diopters in the third nerve palsy group (p = 0.002). The success rate was 91% in the sixth nerve palsy group and 33% in the third nerve palsy group at postoperative 1 year (p = 0.017). There were no complications during surgery or anterior segment ischemia for any of the patients. CONCLUSIONS A muscle union procedure had good long-term surgical outcomes in patients with paralytic strabismus, especially in patients with sixth cranial nerve palsy. However, in the case of third cranial nerve palsy or rupture of the medial rectus muscle, the effects were limited.

Indobufen (Ibustrin®), a reversible inhibitor of platelet aggregation, exists in two enantiomeric forms in 1:1 ratio. Here, we characterized the anti-platelet effect of S- and R-indobufen using response surface modeling using NONMEM® and predicted the therapeutic doses exerting the maximal efficacy of each enantioselective S- and R-indobufen formulation. S- and R-indobufen were added individually or together to 24 plasma samples from drug-naïve healthy subjects, generating 892 samples containing randomly selected concentrations of the drugs of 0–128 mg/L. Collagen-induced platelet aggregation in platelet-rich plasma was determined using a Chrono-log Lumi-Aggregometer. Inhibitory sigmoid I(max) model adequately described the anti-platelet effect. The S-form was more potent, whereas the R-form showed less inter-individual variation. No significant interaction was observed between the two enantiomers. The anti-platelet effect of multiple treatments with 200 mg indobufen twice daily doses was predicted in the simulation study, and the effect of S- or R-indobufen alone at various doses was predicted to define optimal dosing regimen for each enantiomer. Simulation study predicted that 200 mg twice daily administration of S-indobufen alone will produce more treatment effect than S-and R-mixture formulation. S-indobufen produced treatment effect at lower concentration than R-indobufen. However, inter-individual variation of the pharmacodynamic response was smaller in R-indobufen. The present study suggests the optimal doses of R-and S-enantioselective indobufen formulations in terms of treatment efficacy for patients with thromboembolic problems. The proposed methodology in this study can be applied to the develop novel enantio-selective drugs more efficiently.
Blood Platelets ; Colon, Sigmoid ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Plasma ; Platelet Aggregation ; Platelet-Rich Plasma ; Treatment Outcome

No abstract available.
Cranial Nerve Diseases* ; Lymphoma*

In the above article, the financial grant has been erroneously omitted.

PURPOSE: Leptin is a potent adipokine that plays a significant role in tumor development and the progression of breast cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether leptin affects the response to tamoxifen treatment in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer cells. METHODS: Leptin, leptin receptor (Ob-R), and activation of signaling pathways were studied by Western immunoblotting. The effects of leptin on tamoxifen-dependent growth inhibition were studied in MCF-7 and T-47D cells. RESULTS: Leptin was expressed in MCF-7 and T-47D and had a proliferative effect on MCF-7 cells. Leptin significantly inhibited the antiestrogenic effect of tamoxifen in both cells only under beta-estradiol (E2) (20 nM) conditions. In MCF-7, the inhibitory effect against tamoxifen was a result from the activation of the ERK1/2 and STAT3 signal transduction pathway. CONCLUSION: Leptin interferes with the effects of tamoxifen under E2 stimulated conditions in ER-positive breast cancer cells. These results imply that inhibition of leptin is expected to enhance the response to tamoxifen in ER-positive breast cancer cells, and, therefore, could be a promising way to overcome endocrine resistance.
Adipokines ; Blotting, Western ; Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Estrogen Receptor Modulators ; Estrogens ; Leptin ; MCF-7 Cells ; Receptors, Leptin ; Signal Transduction ; Tamoxifen

Proteasomes are the primary degradation machinery for oxidatively damaged proteins that compose a class of misfolded protein substrates. Cellular levels of reactive oxygen species increase with age and this cellular propensity is particularly harmful when combined with the age-associated development of various human disorders including cancer, neurodegenerative disease and muscle atrophy. Proteasome activity is reportedly downregulated in these disease conditions. Herein, we report that docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a major dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, mediates intermolecular protein cross-linkages through oxidation, and the resulting protein aggregates potently reduce proteasomal activity both in vitro and in cultured cells. Cellular models overexpressing aggregation-prone proteins such as tau showed significantly elevated levels of tau aggregates and total ubiquitin conjugates in the presence of DHA, thereby reflecting suppressed proteasome activity. Strong synergetic cytotoxicity was observed when the cells overexpressing tau were simultaneously treated with DHA. Antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine significantly desensitized the cells to DHA-induced oxidative stress. DHA significantly delayed the proteasomal degradation of muscle proteins in a cellular atrophy model. Thus, the results of our study identified DHA as a potent inducer of cellular protein aggregates that inhibit proteasome activity and potentially delay systemic muscle protein degradation in certain pathologic conditions.
Atrophy ; Cells, Cultured ; Cysteine ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques* ; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal* ; Muscle Proteins ; Muscular Atrophy* ; Neurodegenerative Diseases ; Oxidative Stress ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex* ; Protein Aggregates* ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Ubiquitin

PURPOSE: Preclinical studies have shown that human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status is associated with resistance to radiotherapy (RT). In this study, we evaluated the overall survival of a T1N0M0 breast cancer cohort in Korea according to the use of RT and the HER2 status. METHODS: We analyzed data collected from 11,552 patients with invasive breast cancer who were enrolled in the Korean Breast Cancer Society Registration Program between 1999 and 2007. Data on the TNM stage, estrogen receptor status, progesterone receptor status, HER2 status, operation method, and the use of RT were analyzed. RESULTS: The median follow-up period was 51 months. A significant improvement in overall survival after RT was observed only in the HER2(-) group. In this group, the 10-year overall survival rate was 95.5% for patients who did not receive RT and 96.3% for patients who received RT (p=0.037). In contrast, in the HER2(+) group, RT was not associated with a survival benefit (p=0.887). Multivariate analysis showed that RT was significantly associated with a reduction in mortality in the HER2(-) group (hazard ratio, 0.738; 95% confidence interval, 0.549-0.993; p=0.045). CONCLUSION: We found that postoperative RT was not associated with a survival benefit in HER2(+) breast cancer patients, suggesting that HER2(+) breast cancers could be RT resistant.
Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Cohort Studies ; Epidermal Growth Factor ; Estrogens ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Korea ; Multivariate Analysis ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; Receptor, erbB-2 ; Receptors, Progesterone ; Survival Rate