This study was done to determine the correlation between body image and depression among women with urinary incontinence. The ultimate goal was to contribute to the planning of nursing intervention towark the establishment of a positive body image and the prevention of depression in women with urinary incontinence. The data were collected from Jan. 10 to May. 30, 1998 from 98 adult women, who lived in Cheonan City, Korea. The insturments were Hendrickson's Stress Incontinence Scale, physical self-image items out of Fitts' Tennessee self concept Scale, Osgood's Semantic Differential Scale, and Zung's self-rating Depression Scale. The data were analyzed using the SAS computerized program and include percentage, t-test, ANOVA, and the Pearson correlation coefficient. The results of this study are summarized as follows, 1. It was reported that 61.2% of the subjects experienced urinary incontinence. The level of body image perceived by urinary incontinent women had a mean of 58.56(SD=7.02) ; women with urinary incontinence showed mild depression. 2. The level of depression and body image was not significantly different between the incontinent or continent. There were significant differences in depression levels according to the severity of urinary incontinence of the subjects. 3. Severity of urinary incontinence and body image was negatively correlated (r=-0.300, p<0.01) ; correlation between depression and body image was negative (r=-0.578, p<0.01). 4. There are significant differences in body image according to use of medication, itching, and sensitivity of the vagina. 5. There are significant differences in depression with discharges from the vagina, itching, and sensitivity of the vagina. In conclusion, as urinary incontinence in women proved mildly depressive, health care providers need to develop and provide nursing intervention for the urinary incontinent with the goal of helping clients establish a positive body image and prevent depression.
Adult ; Body Image* ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Depression* ; Female ; Health Personnel ; Humans ; Korea ; Nursing ; Pruritus ; Self Concept ; Semantic Differential ; Tennessee ; Urinary Incontinence* ; Vagina

A total of 197 cases of fungal infections in biopsy specimens obtained from the pathology file of the Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, for a period of 28 years from 1960 to 1987 were studied by histopathologic investigations with analysis of clinical records. The following results are obtained; 1) While most fungal infections increased in number, annual relative frequency of them were between 0.1% and 0.2%. 2) Among 197 cases of fungal infections, deep-seated mycosis was 175 cases (88.8%). Aspergillosis was the most common mycosis, accounting for 29.4 percent. 3) The age and sex distribution of fungal infection was even throughout the ages, but it was more common in age group over fifty, and the male was more frequently affected than the female. 4) Aspergillosis was encountered in 58 cases (29.4%) and the preferred localization was the lung. The candidiasis was seen in 48 cases (24.4%) and the preferred localization of cryptococcosis was lymph node and skin.
Female ; Male ; Humans ; Biopsy

Herpes zoster is a acute viral infection of nerve structures manifesting cutaneous lesions in the form of groups of vesicles distributed along one or more peripheral sensory nerves. Sometimes involve motor nerves. The skin lesions usually appear on unilateral, but some on bilateral. And caused by variella-zoster virus, which is the same virus, with varicella. The most important etiologic mechanism is the reactivation of the latent virus; a latent virus infection is set up in spinal and cranial sensory ganglion as a result of hematogenous dissemination during the initial varicella infection and is activated in later life so that the virus spread down to the peripheral nerve into the skin. Durig last 5 years (1968-1972) 94 cases of Herpes zoster, of Dermatology Dept. in N.M.C. were investigated by statistics of sex, age, predilection site of skin eruptions, seasonal variation, and of its complications or associated diseases. The reults were following; In sex, age distribution, female is rather common than male and more commonly affected after 40's. In predilection site, more than half cases, involved thoracic cutaneous nerves, and the least were sacral and lateral cutaneous nerves. Right and left side proportion was about same (40: 49), bilateral or mid-zone involvement were 5 cases. In seasonal distribution, there was no relation between epidemic of varicella and Herpes zoster, The most were at Summer, and the least at Autumn. In complications and associated diseases, complication noted in 4 cases, 3 were Herpes zoster ophthalmicus and 1 case was Ramsey-Hunt syndrome. The most frequent associating disease was pulmonary tuberculosis, otherwise were diabetes, asthma etc.
Age Distribution ; Asthma ; Chickenpox ; Dermatology ; Female ; Ganglia, Sensory ; Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus ; Herpes Zoster* ; Humans ; Male ; Peripheral Nerves ; Seasons ; Skin ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

It is known that a pulmonary rehabilitation program improves dyspnea and exercise tolerence in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, it is also known that although it does not improve pulmonary function. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of a 4 week pulmonary rehabilitation on pulmonary function, gas exchange, and exercise tolerance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The pulmonary rehabilitation programs included breathing exercises, such as pursed-lip breathing and diaphragmatic breathing, upper-limb exercises, and inspiratory muscle training. These activities were performed for 4 weeks in twenty one patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Pre and post-rehabilitation pulmonary function and exercise capacities were compared after the 4 week period. Results are as follows: 1) Before the rehabilitation, the predicted value of FVC and FEV1 of the patients were 70.3+/-16.7% and 41.1+/-11.9% respectively. These pulmonary functions did not change after pulmonary rehabilitation. 2) Aloility of walking a 6 minute distance (325.29+/-122.24 vs 363.03+/-120.01 p=.01) and dyspnea (p=.00) were significantly improved after rehabilitation. Thus showing that pulmonary rehabilitation for 4 weeks can improve exercise performance and dyspnea in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Breathing Exercises ; Dyspnea ; Exercise ; Exercise Tolerance ; Humans ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive* ; Rehabilitation* ; Respiration ; Walking

PURPOSE: This study used MDS-HC 2.0 to identify health problems in the elderly who live alone. METHOD: The subjects of this study were 100 living-alone elders aged over 65 in Daegu city. This study was performed through home visiting interviews during the period from the 1st of September to the 30th of September 2005. Analysis in this study was made using SPSS Version 11.0. RESULTS: Frequent health problems in the living-alone elderly were: preventive heath measure (90), health promotion (80), social function (78), visual function (75), depression and anxiety (61), pain and communication disorder (60), cognition (55), environmental assessment (48) and oral health (45) in order of frequency. Informal services were provided to 73% of the subjects for emotional support. IADL services were provided to 57% of the subjects, and ADL services to 66%. CONCLUSION: Nursing intervention programs based on health problems from MDS-HC 2.0 should be provided in order to cope with individual health problems and living-alone elders needs. The results of this study suggest that MDS-HC 2.0 is applicable to help decide nursing interventions for the elderly who live alone in community.
Activities of Daily Living ; Aged* ; Anxiety ; Cognition ; Communication Disorders ; Daegu ; Depression ; Health Promotion ; House Calls ; Humans ; Nursing ; Oral Health

A case of 23 years old male with Reiters syndrome was reported. The skin lesions were characterized by thick, britle and heavy keratotic crust formation on whole body with weakness, severe arthritis, ankylosis, on the feet, wrists, knees, ankle and finger joints. Histopathological examination showed a spongiform vesicopustules, acanthosis and parakeratosis, interpapillary process elongated in the epidermis hyperkeratosis, dilated. vessels with perivascular infiltrate in the dermis. He was treated with Arning's tincture, Nystatin ointment, coaltar ointment painting and oral administration of prednisolone, methotrcxate for 1 month, resulting favorable improvement.
Administration, Oral ; Ankle ; Ankylosis ; Arthritis ; Candidiasis* ; Dermis ; Epidermis ; Finger Joint ; Foot ; Humans ; Knee ; Male ; Nystatin ; Paint ; Paintings ; Parakeratosis ; Prednisolone ; Skin ; Wrist ; Young Adult

The purpose of this study were to identify the characteristics of urinary incontinence in adult women and to identify it's relating factors, daily living and sexual problem related urinary incontinence. Subjects were 60 community dwelling women in the age of 25-60 years old at 1 city in Korea. The data were collected from January 1988 to May, 1988. Subject were interviewed with structured questionnaire. Questionnaire was composed of item of general characteristics, obstetrical characteristics, measuring tool of severity of urinary incontinence, discomfort due to urinary incontinence. The data were analyzed with SAS program, descriptive statistics, T-test, ANOVA tet. The results of study were as followings. 1) Most of incontinence women were mildly incontinence subjects(mean = 7.40). 2) The common activity related to the urinary incontinence were coughing, sneezing, laughing a loudly exercising. 63.5% of women reported small volume accidents of only 1 to 2 drops. 3) The incidence of urinary incontinence was significantly higher in woman who had more parity and older age of last delivery, menopause, itching sense of vagina. 4) 73.3% of the episodic urinary incontinence were not treated because the felt that urinary incontinence was not disease(70.4%) was shameful(18.12%), was incurable in spite of treatment attempt(4.5%). 5) Daily living problem related to urinary incontinence were as follows ; voiding before going out(66.6%), odor of urine(10.0%), frequent underwear change(88.3%). 6) Sexual intercourse problem related to urinary incontinence were as follows : Pain during sexual intercourse(30.0%), sexual life trouble(8.3%), urine leakage(11.7). The results indicate that urinary incontinence is common in adult women. Health care provider should develop and provide adequate nursing intervention for prevention and early treatment of urinary incontinence.
Adult* ; Coitus ; Cough ; Female ; Health Personnel ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Menopause ; Nursing ; Odors ; Parity ; Pruritus ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Sneezing ; Urinary Incontinence* ; Vagina

The influences of adrenal corticosteroid on the development and regression of neurons of dentate and hippocampus were studied by adrenalectomy and steroid overload in neonatal rats. The results obtained were as follows. 1. The cell death occurred naturally in numerous dentate granule cells and hippocampal pyramidal cells. 2. The number of dentate granule cells undergoing cell death decreased by injection of adrenal corticosteroid, but increased in adrenalectomized rat brains. The changes occurred prominently at postnatal day 6. 3. The number of hippocampal pyramidal cells undergoing cell death decreased in CA3 region by injection of adrenal corticosteroid, but was not changed in adrenalectomized rat brains. However, other regions exhibited no change by adrenal corticosteroid and adrenalectomy. 4. The cell death of pyramidal cells of CA3 region occurred in close relationship with the cell death of dentate granule cells, which was different from other CA regions. In summary, the cell death of dentate and hippocampal neurons occurred naturally but seemed to be influenced by other factors as well as adrenal corticosteroid.
Adrenalectomy ; Animals ; Brain ; Cell Death ; Hippocampus* ; Neurons* ; Pyramidal Cells ; Rats*

With growing need in the field, the application of computers in nursing has been frequently studied to improve the quality of nursing care in Korea. But the development of useful clinical programs has not received adequate alternatives. The aim of this study is to compare of two Nursing Diagnosis Systems - Neutral Network and Expert System. The simulated output of each Nursing Diagnosis System and the Judgment from the researcher and two professors of nursing were comparatively examined. The misdiagnosis rate of Nursing Diagnosis System using the Neural Network was nine percent, while the Nursing Diagnosis System using the Expert System showed consistency with those three experts in every aspect. Accordingly, the result of this study demonstrated the possibility of application of a nursing diagnosis system as another nursing tool.
Diagnostic Errors ; Expert Systems* ; Judgment ; Korea ; Nursing Care ; Nursing Diagnosis* ; Nursing*

This study has been designed to develop a health behavior scale. Data were collected through a survey over a period of two period. Subjects who participated in the study were 298 Korean adults. The author used a convenience sampling method. The analysis of the data was done with SPSS PC for descriptive statistics and factor analysis. Initially 34 items were generated from the interview data of twenty one adults and from literature review and survey. This preliminary scale was analyzed for a reliability and validity. The results are as follow: 1. Crombach Coefficient alpha for the 30 items was .7909. 2. Factor analysis was done in order to confirm construct validity and nine factor were extracted from the results. These contributed 54.4% of the variance in the total score. 3. Nine factor label were 'exercise' stress management' 'energy conservation' 'limit in liking' 'selection of food' 'ingestion of natural food' ' health examination' 'relaxation' and 'nutrition'. The author suggest that this scale could be adequately applied in assessing the health behavior of Korean adults. The results of using this scale in a study can contribute to designing an appropriate health promotion strategy.
Adult* ; Health Behavior* ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Reproducibility of Results