No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging*

Wallerian degeneration is well known as the anterograde degeneration of axon and their accompanying myelin sheath from injury to the proximal portion of the axon or its cell body. The most common cause of wallerian degeneration is cerebral infarction. Authors experienced three patients with old hemispheric infarct with typical wallerian degeneration in the brain stem, which was demonstrated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in two cases and CT in one case. This report demonstrates the wallerian degeneration in the corticospinal tract on the MRI and CT with the brief review of the literatures.
Axons ; Brain Stem ; Brain* ; Cell Body ; Cerebral Infarction ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Myelin Sheath ; Pyramidal Tracts ; Wallerian Degeneration*

Since the male sterilization (vasectomy) has been performed on a large scale as an accepted family planning in Korea on 1980s and this, in turn, has been followed by an increase in the number of patients requesting vasovasostomy. We studies 1000 consecutive cases of vasovasostomy performed from January 1975 to July 1995 in Pusan National University Hospital. In this report, we are going to present serial studies of vasovasostomy through which we attempted to find out what factors are of impotence in influencing the successful outcome of vasovasostomy operation. We inquired the operative results data through the questionnaire and telephone interview with survey of medical records. A total of 259 cases was excluded due to the loss of follow-up. The overall patency and pregnancy rates of 741 cases were 86.9% and 51.1%, respectively. The age of man at the time of anastomosis ranged from 23 to 57 years old with an average of 34.9. The most frequent reason for requesting vasovasostomy was the desire to have more children (43.4%). The average obstructive interval was 60.6 months with range from 1 to 264 months. If the obstructive interval had been less than S years patency rate was 92.4% and pregnancy rate 64.8%, but 6 years or more 84.1% and 48.5% p<0.01, p<0.01). Patency and pregnancy rates according to intraoperative vas fluid were 93.1% and 62.8% for presence and 83.7% and 53.1% for absence p<0.01, p<0.05). Patency and pregnancy rates according to histologically proven sperm granuloma at vasectomy site were 87.7% and 49.2% for presence and 86.9% and 50.6% for absence (p>0.05, p<0.05). Patency and pregnancy rates were not significantly different between microscopic standard vasovasostomy (88.4%, 64.3%) and modified vasovasostomy (89.5%, 56.3%)(p>0.05, p>0.05). Both patency and pregnancy rates according to level of anastomosis were 89.8% and 59.8% in cases of straight vas and 91.5%, 60.1% in cases of convoluted vats (p>0.05, p>0.05). Patency and pregnancy rates according to the kind of suture materials were 91.5% and 56.2% for absorbable, 91.0% and 64.2% for non-absorbable and 93.3% and 53.3% for absorbable plus non-absorbable, respectively 0>0.05, p<0.05). Thus it is suggested that the important factor influencing the success rate of vasovasostomy is the interval of obstruction and nasal ooze with surgical skills.
Busan ; Child ; Erectile Dysfunction ; Family Planning Services ; Follow-Up Studies ; Granuloma ; Humans ; Interviews as Topic ; Korea ; Male ; Medical Records ; Middle Aged ; Pregnancy Rate ; Spermatozoa ; Sterilization, Reproductive ; Sutures ; Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted ; Vasectomy ; Vasovasostomy ; Surveys and Questionnaires

The author analyzed 231 patients of congestive heart failure which was confirmed by the clinical symptoms and the laboratory findings among the patients admitted to Ewha Womans University Hospital between the begining of 1974 and the end of 1978. The result were as follow; 1. In sex distribution, the female was predominant. Male to female ratio is 1:2.45. The most common incidence by age group was sixth decade. 2. Regarding the underlying disease, there were hypertensive heart disease(27.3%), post-partum heart disease(19.5%), rheumatic heart disease(16.0%) and arteriosclerotic heart disease(15.6%) in order. 3. The precipitating factors were observed in 77.5% of total cases and the order of frequency was pregnancy and delivery(26.4%), infection(19.1%), arrhythmia(12.6%) and physical exertion(12.1%). 4. On admission, patients usually complained of dyspnea, cough, right upper quadrant pain and the physical examination revealed moist rales, hepatomegaly etc. 5. The laboratory findings were anemia(19.0%), increased E.S.R.(33.8%) and leukocytosis (34.2%). 6. The blood chemistry showed increased level of creatinine(24.5%), S.G.O.T. (20.9%), B.U.N.(20.0%) and decreased albumin(15.5%), increased S.G.P.T.(15.0%) in order. 7. The X-ray films of chest on admission revealed increased vascular marking and pulmonary congestion(85.7%), cardiomegaly(80.0%) and pleural effusion(21.4) etc. 8. The E.C.G. findings showed(205 cases among 231 cases) LVH 56.6%, atrial fibrillation 26.3% etc. 9. The echocardiography perfomed in 59 cases among 231 cases gave valvular heart disease (28.9%), atrial fibrillation (11.9%) arteriosclerotic heart disease(8.5%), ventricular hypertrophy (6.8%) and atrial enlargement(5.1%) in order of frequency.
Atrial Fibrillation ; Chemistry ; Cough ; Dyspnea ; Echocardiography ; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP)* ; Female ; Heart ; Heart Failure* ; Heart Valve Diseases ; Hepatomegaly ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Incidence ; Leukocytosis ; Male ; Physical Examination ; Precipitating Factors ; Pregnancy ; Respiratory Sounds ; Sex Distribution ; Thorax ; X-Ray Film

The author analyzed 231 patients of congestive heart failure which was confirmed by the clinical symptoms and the laboratory findings among the patients admitted to Ewha Womans University Hospital between the begining of 1974 and the end of 1978. The result were as follow; 1. In sex distribution, the female was predominant. Male to female ratio is 1:2.45. The most common incidence by age group was sixth decade. 2. Regarding the underlying disease, there were hypertensive heart disease(27.3%), post-partum heart disease(19.5%), rheumatic heart disease(16.0%) and arteriosclerotic heart disease(15.6%) in order. 3. The precipitating factors were observed in 77.5% of total cases and the order of frequency was pregnancy and delivery(26.4%), infection(19.1%), arrhythmia(12.6%) and physical exertion(12.1%). 4. On admission, patients usually complained of dyspnea, cough, right upper quadrant pain and the physical examination revealed moist rales, hepatomegaly etc. 5. The laboratory findings were anemia(19.0%), increased E.S.R.(33.8%) and leukocytosis (34.2%). 6. The blood chemistry showed increased level of creatinine(24.5%), S.G.O.T. (20.9%), B.U.N.(20.0%) and decreased albumin(15.5%), increased S.G.P.T.(15.0%) in order. 7. The X-ray films of chest on admission revealed increased vascular marking and pulmonary congestion(85.7%), cardiomegaly(80.0%) and pleural effusion(21.4) etc. 8. The E.C.G. findings showed(205 cases among 231 cases) LVH 56.6%, atrial fibrillation 26.3% etc. 9. The echocardiography perfomed in 59 cases among 231 cases gave valvular heart disease (28.9%), atrial fibrillation (11.9%) arteriosclerotic heart disease(8.5%), ventricular hypertrophy (6.8%) and atrial enlargement(5.1%) in order of frequency.
Atrial Fibrillation ; Chemistry ; Cough ; Dyspnea ; Echocardiography ; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP)* ; Female ; Heart ; Heart Failure* ; Heart Valve Diseases ; Hepatomegaly ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Incidence ; Leukocytosis ; Male ; Physical Examination ; Precipitating Factors ; Pregnancy ; Respiratory Sounds ; Sex Distribution ; Thorax ; X-Ray Film

PURPOSE: To determine the types of meniscal tears and type of popliteal muscle attachment in lateral disccid menisci. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MR images from 40 patients with arthroscopically proven disccid meniscal tears were reviewed. The type of capsular attachment of the popliteal muscle in these patients was compared with 100 normal controls. Fourteen men and 26 women were included in this study ranging in age from 8 to 52 yea rs. RESULTS: Disccid mensical tears were divided into five types. Arthroscopic cor- relation revealed that thirty-six cases(90%) of disccid meniscal tears were cor- rectly diagnosed using MR imaging. Peripheral tear wasthe commonest tear type occurring in 13 patients. In 9 of these the meniscal fragment was displaced. Hori- zontal tears occurred in 5, longitudinal tears in 4 and transverse tears in 2 patients. Multiple tears were present in 16 patients with the commonest combi- nation of peripheral and horizontal. Popliteal capsular attachments of disccid mensical tears were more prominent than in the normal control group. CONCLUSION: The types of tears in disccid menisci were different from normal meniscal tears. Peripheral detachment with displacement of torn segments was a very frequent finding in disccid mensical tears. Prominent capsular attachment of popliteal muscles is probably an associated finding in disccid menisci.
Classification* ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Muscles

Transitional vertebrae include lumbarization and sacralization of lumbosacral region. The prevalence of transitional vertebra was reported as 3 to 21%. It is known that transitional vertebra is related to herniated nucleus pulposus and spinal stenosis but there is no report in English literature about the relationship of transitional vertebra to spondylolysis or spondylolytic spondylolisthesis. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship of transitional vertebra to spondylolysis or spondylolytic spondylolisthesis and to find out the clinical relevance for the treatment. The cases included 182 cases of spondylolysis or spondylolytic spondylolisthesis who were treated at Severance hospital from 1987 to 1993. There were 33 cases of transitional vetebra; 12 lumbarization and 21 sacralization. And there were remaining 149 cases of control group. The degree of anterior sippage was measured by Meyerding's grading and percentage of Taillard method. As the results, the degree of average anterior slippage of L4 was 14.5% in the cases of isthmic defect in L4 and sacralization. The average slippage of L4 was 11.4% in the control group. The degree of average anterior slippage of L5 was 12.5% in the cases of isthmic defect in L5 and lumbarization, and 9.5% in the cases of isthmic defect in L5 and sacralization. The average slippage of L5 was 16.2% in the control group. In summary and conclusion, the cases with isthmic defect in L4 and sacralization showed more anterior slippage than the cases with isthmic defect in L4 without transitional vertebrae, and the cases with isthmic defect in L5 and sacralization showed less anterior slippage than the cases with isthmic defect in L5 without transitional vertebrae. It is concluded that more aggressive treatment is recommended in the cases of isthmic defect in L4 and sacralization, whereas more conservative treatment is recommended in the cases of isthmic defect in L5 and sacralization.
Lumbosacral Region ; Methods ; Prevalence ; Spinal Stenosis ; Spine ; Spondylolisthesis ; Spondylolysis

Ninety two injuries of the main nerves in the upper extremity observed in 79 patients, were studied at the Department of the Orthopedic Surgery, 17th Army Hospital from May 1965 to Aug. 1968. The treatment given consisted of neurolysis in 15, neurorrhapy in 77(primary 43 and secondary 34) and tendon transplantation and transfer in 11 cases. The results for the median, ulnar and radial nerves after primary and secondary suture were analyzed with respect to the level of injury(high and lower). The results of the median nerve repair were more succesful than those of the ulnar nerve, In these two nerve injuries, the sensory recovery was better than the motor and secondary suture gave better results than primary suture. Thirteen cases failed to respond to primary or secondary nerve repair, among those tendon transfer or tendon transplantation was tried in eleven cases, from the latter approximately 25% of motor recovery could be seen.
Hospitals, Military ; Humans ; Median Nerve ; Orthopedics ; Peripheral Nerve Injuries ; Peripheral Nerves ; Radial Nerve ; Sutures ; Tendon Transfer ; Tendons ; Ulnar Nerve ; Upper Extremity

Wernickes encephalopathy is an illness characterized by mental disturbance, paralysis of eye movements and ataxia of gait. The specific factor for most, if not all, of these symptoms is a deficiency of thiamine. Wemicke's encephalopathy mostly occurs in developing countries when the patient is in a state such as nutritionally deprived state, anorexia nervosa, stomach cancer, long duration of parenteral nutrition. Wernickes encephalopathy was recognized as a complication of hyperemesis of pregnancy in 1914. Unfortunately, cases continue to occur. We present here a case of Wernickes encephalopathy in a 36-year-old pregnant woman. We discuss the clinical picture, histopathology, radiology, therapeutic management and prognosis with review of the literature.
Adult ; Anorexia Nervosa ; Developing Countries ; Eye Movements ; Female ; Gait Ataxia ; Humans ; Hyperemesis Gravidarum* ; Hyperthyroidism* ; Paralysis ; Parenteral Nutrition ; Pregnancy ; Pregnant Women ; Prognosis ; Radiation Oncology ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Thiamine ; Wernicke Encephalopathy*