PURPOSE: Numerous studies have been performed about the various safety consideration of magnetic resonance(MR). Multiple investigators have failed to reveal any deleterious defects of MR. On the other hand, several studies have demonstrated detectable biologic effects of high-field MR produces any morphologic changes on the cell membrane and intracellular ultrastructures in human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Lymphocytes were isolated from peripheral blood of normal human adults by Ficoll-Hypaque density centrifugation. Exposure to MR was performed with 4.69T and 11.74T MR spectrometer with a radio frequency(RF) pulse of 200MHz and 500MHz. Exposure times varyed from 30 minutes to 3 hours. The cells were fixed immediately, 1, 3, 7 days after MR exposure. Morphologic evaluation was examined by transmission electron microscopy(TEM). RESULTS: Under TEM there was cell transformation including cellular membrane, nucleus and intracellular microorganelles on lymphocytes exposed to MR. The percentage of transformed lymphocytes was not significantly increased after 4.69T MR exposure, whereas the percentage of transformed lymphocytes was significant increased after 11.74T MR exposure(P<0.05) compared with that of control. The percentage of transformed lymphocytes was significantly increased at the long incubation period in control and MR exposure group(P<0.05). No change according to MR exposure time and RF pulse sequence was noted. CONCLUSION: Exposure to high-field MR induces morphologic transformations of lymphocytes in vitro. Additional studies have to be performed before definitive conclusion can be reached about the safety of high-field MR.
Adult ; Cell Membrane ; Centrifugation ; Hand ; Humans* ; Lymphocytes* ; Membranes ; Research Personnel

No abstract available.
Cell Line* ; Colorectal Neoplasms* ; Eflornithine* ; Humans*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship of job stress, state of sleep, and depression and to identify factors influencing depression of emergency medical technicians. METHODS: The research was a cross-sectional, descriptive study. Data collection were done using self-report questionnaires with 162 emergency medical technicians working in hospitals who agreed to participate in the study. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients and multiple regression with the SPSS/WIN 18.0 Program. RESULTS: Depression had significant negative correlations with state of sleep, (r=-482, p<.001) and positive correlations with job stress (r=.196,p=.013). State of sleep had significant negative correlations with job stress (r=-.168, p=.033). The variance for life satisfaction was 23.7% (F=25.964, p<.001). Variable of state of sleep significantly predicted depression of emergency medical technicians. CONCLUSION: Considering these results, for emergency medical technicians' job stress, state of sleep, and depression, further studies are needed. Furthermore, there is a need to develop and implement new strategies to improve depression among emergency medical technicians.
Data Collection ; Depression ; Emergencies ; Emergency Medical Technicians ; Humans ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVE: In the previous study, we compiled the differentially expressed genes during early folliculogenesis.1 Objective of the present study was to identify downstream target genes of transcription factors (TFs) using bioinformatics for selecting the target TFs among the gene lists for further functional analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: By using bioinformatics tools, constituent domains were identified from database searches using Gene Ontology, MGI, and Entrez Gene. Downstream target proteins/genes of each TF were identified from database searches using TF database (TRANSFAC(R) 6.0) and eukaryotic promoter database (EPD). RESULTS: DNA binding and trans-activation domains of all TFs listed previously were identified, and the list of downstream target proteins/genes was obtained from searche of TF database and promoter database. Based on the known function of identified downstream genes and the domains, 3 (HNF4, PPARg, and TBX2) out of 26 TFs were selected for further functional analysis. The genes of wee1-like protein kinase and p21WAF1 (cdk inhibitor) were identified as potential downstream target genes of HNF4 and TBX2, respectively. PPARg, through protein-protein interaction with other protein partners, acts as a transcription regulator of genes of EGFR, p21WAF1, cycD1, p53, and VEGF. Among the selected 3 TFs, further study is in progress for HNF4 and TBX2, since wee1-like protein kinase and cdk inhibitor may involved in regulating maturation promoting factor (MPF) activity during early folliculogenesis. CONCLUSIONS: Approach used in the present study, in silico analysis of downstream target genes, was useful for analyzing list of TFs obtained from high-throughput cDNA microarray study. To verify its binding and functions of the selected TFs in early folliculogenesis, EMSA and further relevant characterizations are under investigation.
Computational Biology ; Computer Simulation* ; DNA ; Gene Ontology ; Maturation-Promoting Factor ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Protein Kinases ; Transcription Factors* ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

The authors report a case of malignant teratoma in a 3-year-old girl who suffered from occipital headache and vomiting for about 2 months. The tumor occupied left cerebellopontine angle resulting in a moderate degree of hydorcephalus. Histologically, the tumor consisted mainly of neuroepithelial tissues showing varying degrees of differentiation, with areas of epidermis, mature fat tissue, connective tissue, gastrointestinal glands and smooth muscle bundles containing ganglions. Also noted are groups pf polygonal or spindle cells representing immature mesodermal tissue. In contrast to two malignant intracranial teratomas previously reported in Korean literatures, this case is characterized by the presence of predominent neuroepithelial components and by uncommon tumor location, the posterior fossa far from middle line of the body.

The subjects of the present study were 111 patients admitted to a hospital and 304 healthy people living in similar condition. A self report symptom inventory, SCL-90(symptom check list-90) was used and the two groups were analysed and compared by many factors. The results of theis study are as follows. 1. All dimensional values of the psoriasis group were much higher than the normal healthy group. In order of significance: depression, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive, psychotism, interpersonal sensitivity, hostility, and somatization(all p<0.01). This result indicates a significantly heightened incidence of psychological problems among psoriatic patients. 2. There were significant differences between each clinical type. As a whole, common and pustular types showed highter dimensional scores than guttate type. 3. In the psoriasis group, subjects over 30 years old had higher scores except in somatization and paranoid ideation dimensions. However there was no significant relationship between age and dimensional scores. 4. Female psoriatic patients showed higher values than male patients on all dimensions excopt paranoid ideation. T verification showed significance in depression and hostility (p<0.05). 5. Analysed by marital status, generally unmarried patients had higher dimensional scores than married patients, but there was no significant differences. 6. In contrast with the control group, psoriatic patients of low educational status showed higher dimensional scores than patients of high educational status. 7. Analysed by job at onset of disease, student patients showed the lowest scores. There were significant differences for somatization(p<0.01) and paranoid (p<0.05) dimensional scores. 8. Analysed by the age of onset of disease, the patients who developed psoriasis before 20 years of ages showed higher dimensional scores than the patients, after 20 years of age. 9. Compared according to duration of the disease, dimensional scores rose in patients under 1 year duration decreased in patients of 1 to 2 years' duration and rose again in parients over 3 years' duratio. 10. As the accuracy of understanding about the disease decreased, the dimensional scores tended to be higher.
Adult ; Age of Onset ; Anxiety ; Depression ; Educational Status ; Female ; Hostility ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Marital Status ; Psoriasis ; Self Report ; Single Person

No abstract available.
Colonic Neoplasms* ; Rectum*

No abstract available.
Choledochostomy*

In order to evaluate the effect of zinc sulfate on acne vulgaris, this study was performed during 3 months' period from October, 1979 to December 31, 1979. Total number of acne patients visited at the Department of Dermatology, Han Gang Sung Shim Hospital were 130, but among them 58 patients had completed this atudy. The patients were classified in 3 groups, A, B, C, as follows. Group A (23 patients) who were treated with zinc sulfate (600mg/day) and 2. 5% benzoyl peroxide Group B (20 patients) who were treated with tetracycline (initial: 750mg/day, after 2weeks: 500rng/day) and 2. 5% benzoyl peroxide. Group C (15 patients) who were treated with only 2. 5% benzoyl peroxide. To evaluate the efficacy of treatment in these 3 groups, the number of open comedone, closed comedone, papule and pustule were counted every other week for 8 weeks. (countiuned..)
Acne Vulgaris ; Benzoyl Peroxide ; Dermatology ; Humans ; Tetracycline ; Zinc Sulfate* ; Zinc*

BACKGROUND: Alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs) are known to diminish corneocyte cohesion at the innermost levels of the stratum corneum and have been used in the treatment of various disorders of keratinization. However, their effect on skin barrier function and their irritant potential is not fully understood. OBJECTIVE: Our study was done to evaluate the skin irritancy of AHAs in normal human skin. METHODS: Patches with 1%, 5% and 10% solutions of lactic acid (LA) and glycolic acid (GA) were applied to the volar forearm of 20 healthy volunteers for 24 hours using large Finn chambers with filter paper. Visual scores, erythema (E-) index and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) were measured at 30 min, 24 h and 48 h after removal of the patches. RESULTS: The results are summarized as follows. 1. Visual scores were 0.1+/-0.3 (1%), 0.5+/-0.6 (5%) and 1.1+/-0.8 (10%) at 24 h after removal of LA, and were 0.2+/-0.4 (1%), 0.6+/-0.6 (5%) and 1.0+/-0.7 (10%) at 24 h after removal of GA. They were increased in proportion to the concentrations and there were significant differences in skin responses between the control and each concentration of the solutions. 2. E-indices were 9.1+/-2.1 (control), 8.8+/-1.8 (1%), 9.0+/-2.6 (5%) and 10.5+/-3.9 (10%) at 24 h after removal of LA, and were 9.4+/-1.8 (control), 9.3+/-2.3 (1%), 10.0+/-3.0 (5%) and 11.1+/-3.5 (10%) at 24 h after removal of GA. They were not increased in the patch areas of 1% and 5% solutions in both the LA and GA group, but were significantly increased in the patch areas of 10% solutions in both the LA and GA group. 3. TEWL values were 7.3+/-2.3 (control), 8.3+/-4.0 (1%), 9.8+/-4.5 (5%) and 16.7+/-9.1 (10%) at 24 h after removal of LA, and were 8.1+/-3.2 (control), 7.8+/-3.8 (1%), 8.6+/-3.0 (5%) and 10.9+/-4.1 (10%) at 24 h after removal of GA. They were not increased in the patch areas of 1% LA, 1% GA and 5% LA, but there were high significant differences between the controls and 10% solutions of both LA and GA. CONCLUSION: Visual scores were increased in all concentrations of AHAs tested, but the increase in E-index and TEWL values were not significant or minimal in 1% and 5% solutions of AHAs. These findings suggest that AHAs could be classified as non-corrosive irritants.
Erythema ; Forearm ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans* ; Hydroxy Acids* ; Irritants ; Lactic Acid ; Skin*