It appears that frequency of fractures of the aceta ulum is increasing with the number of automobiles on our roads and when they occur they seem to pose difficulties of management. Because, the anatomy of this region is complicated, making surgical approaches difficult. Second, the patients often have major associated injuries, making early operative treatment hazardous. Third, the fractures are often severly comminuted, leading many surgeons to beleave that operative reduction is impossible. Finally, and unfortunately, the fractures are often missed. The aim of treatment must be to restore the fractured acetabulum to its normal anatomy followed by early motion to promote healing and restore function. Undisplaced acetabular fractures have a good prosis with conservative treatment but patients with displaced fractures of the acetabulum not reduced by manipulation and traction should be considered candidates for open reduction. The author experienced 72 cases of acetabular fracture patients who were admitted to the department of Orthopaedic Surgery of Catholic Medical College and Center from January 1979 to August 1983. The results of 48 patients who were followed up over 6 months period were as follows; l. Among 72 cases(44 were male and 28 were female), the most common causes of acetabular fracture was pedestrian struck by car. 2. 56 were treated conservatively and 16 were treated surgically. The result were as follows; Excellent-15(31%), Good-23(48%), Fair-8(17%), Poor-2(4%). 3. 72 cases were classified by Letournel classification. The most common type was posterior wall fracture(14 cases), and second most was T-shaped fracture(13 cases). 4. If the grossly displaced fragments are present they should be reduced and fixed surgically if surgical approach can be done. 5. It is essential to understand the pathologic anatomy of the acetabulum in order to approach the acetabular fracture sefely and with maximum ease.
Acetabulum ; Automobiles ; Classification ; Clinical Study ; Humans ; Male ; Surgeons ; Traction

Tuberculosis of the spine is still prevalent in many parts of the world and still remains as an important orthopaedic problem in Korea. Moreover, spinal tuberculosis is the most common and dangerous form of skeletal tuberculosis. With the availability of very effective antituberculous drugs two divergent controversy in the management of tuberculosis of the spine have been reported. A large group of surgeons has advocated the radical excision of the tuberculous focus and replacement of the defect with autogenous bone grafts under cover of chemo-therapy, and another practise is typified by regimen of Friedman, Konstam, Kaplan, and Stevenson and Manning, who treated a large number of patients with spinal tuberculosis using antiuberculous drugs alone. Even now, because of the shortage of hospital beds and ancillary help, private poor economy and patients general condition, some group of patient with tuberclous spine have been treated conservatively using effective antituberculous drugs. In this study authors clinically analysed the 75 patients who had conservative treatment with triple drug therapy for 18 months at the department of Orthopaedics, Catholic Medical College and Center during the past 10 years, and the results were as follows: 1. There were two prevalent age groups. One is the first decade (30.6%) and the other is the third decade(30.7%). The age prevalence in children was 6 to 10 years of age. 2. The lesions were common in the lumbar spine(56.0%) and the most commonly involved vertebra was L3. The average initial number of involved vertebral body was 1.9 vertebrae and it was changed to 2.3 vertebrae at the end of treatment(18 months). 3. Active pulmonary foci was associated in 17.4%(6.7% of tuberculous pleurisy included). 4. Out of 75 cases twenty-six(34.7%) had new involvement at the adjacent vertebra within 18 months after treatment. 5. The radiographic activity was assessed as active in all cases initially, but at 18 months after treatment 83% of the cases were in quiescent condition, and this percentage was increased to 78.7% at 36 months. 6. Spontaneous fusion rate of involved vertebral bodies was 24% at 18 months and 36% at 36 months after treatment, respectively. 7. Radiologically observed deep seated abscess shadow disappeared slowly over 3 to 20 months, but this disappearance was observed mainly within 8 months after treatment. 8. Mean increment of the kyphosis was average 7.5 degree (9.3° in children and 6.6° in adults) at the end of the treatment(18 months), and average 8.6 degree(10.9° in children and 7.3° in adults) at 36 months, by. internal gibbus angle. 9. Almost in all the adult patients, kyphosis developed during the active phase of the disease, while in children kyphosis progressed even after the healing of the disease. Children who had multiple vertebral involvement at the dorsal area had a tendency to develop more severe kyphosis. 10. Decrement of the kyphosis angle which located at the lumbar area after the end of the treatment was considered to be an effect of narmal lordotic curvature. 11. Generally representation of the changes seen in children was almost osteolytic change without sequestrum in comparison to adults who had more sequestrum formation. 12. In 95% of cases a favourable results were obtained.
Abscess ; Adult ; Child ; Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Korea ; Kyphosis ; Prevalence ; Spine ; Surgeons ; Transplants ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Pleural ; Tuberculosis, Spinal

In order to clarify the preneoplastic nature of large regenerative nodules without dysplastic change, we analysed the clonality of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) and large nodules, diameter > or =0.5 cm, of cirrhotic liver by X-linked human androgen receptor (HUMARA) gene assay, using the principle of random X chromosome methylation and inactivation in female. Ten cases of HCC and 5 cases of large nodules without dysplasia from 9 female patients were selected. All the tumors, large nodules and paired normal control cells were selectively microdissected from deparaffinized hematoxylin and eosin stained slides. Genomic DNA was isolated and digested with HhaI. Polymerase chain reaction(PCR) amplication of the HUMARA locus was performed using 32P-a-dCTP containing PCR mixtures. The PCR amplified products were separated by gel electrophoresis and analysed by autoradiography. Nine HCCs from 8 patients were monoclonal and 1 case was polyclonal and the remaining 1 case was not polymorphic at the HUMARA locus. The HCC case which showed polyclonality contained many inflammatory cells. All the large nodules were polyclonal by HUMARA assay. These results suggest that all or most of the cells composing the large regenerative nodules without dysplasia are polyclonal. This assay may be informative for the differentiation between regenerative and preneoplastic nodules in cirrhotic liver and the size of nodule may be not important in hepatocarcinogenesis.
Autoradiography ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular* ; DNA ; Electrophoresis ; Eosine Yellowish-(YS) ; Female ; Fibrosis ; Hematoxylin ; Humans ; Liver ; Methylation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Receptors, Androgen ; X Chromosome

In the orthopedic Department of Jeonbug National University Hospital, twenty-five open tibial shaft fractures were reviewed and analyzed with osteomedullography and bone scanning with radioactive isotopes from June 1981 to October 1983. The results are as follows. 1. The cases of injury were mostly traffic accident(70.8%) and majority was found between second decade and third decade. Males were 11 times more frequent than females. 2. In the shape and location of fractures, comminuted fracture(60%) was most common, and fracture of middle one third(48%), lower one third(28%) were in order. 3. In the open tibial fractures, Grade I. of soft tissue injury was most frequent(64%). As inthe plate fixation was required, we should it placed atypically on the posterior surface of the tibia. 4. In the osteomedullography at 3 months after treatment, the rate of positive finding was 80 and intraosseous crossing vein(Kaski sign 1) was observed most frequently. 5. In the profile of the bone scanning with radioactive isotopes, the rate of single-peak uptake was 76% and twin-peak uptake was 24%. 6. In the negative Osteomedullogram and twin-peak uptake on the profile of the bone scanning, bone graft was necessary. 7. In the case of difficult diagnosis for union process of tibia fracture, osteomedullography and bone scanning with radioactive isotopes were considered useful method of early diagnosis.
Diagnosis ; Early Diagnosis ; Female ; Fractures, Comminuted ; Fractures, Open ; Humans ; Jeollabuk-do ; Male ; Methods ; Orthopedics ; Radioisotopes ; Soft Tissue Injuries ; Tibia ; Tibial Fractures ; Transplants

No abstract available.
Colorectal Neoplasms* ; Electrophoresis* ; Genes, ras* ; Humans* ; Point Mutation* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction*

PURPOSE: Urinary tract infection (UTI) in children is the most common disease during the infantile period, therefore early diagnosis and treatment are important. Pyuria is a useful clinical parameter for the initial diagnosis of a UTI. In this study we aimed to compare the clinical, laboratory, and imaging findings in relation to the duration of pyuria in infants with UTIs. METHODS: Three hundred seventy-four infants <12 months of age who were admitted between January 1995 and December 2005 for the first episode of a febrile UTI were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were divided into two groups according to the duration of pyuria as follows: group 1, pyuria resolved <3 days after initial treatment; and group 2, pyuria lasted at least 3 days after initial treatment. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the two groups in relation to gender, age, total duration of fever, and organisms in the urine. Group 2 had a significantly higher peripheral blood leukocyte count (14,360.86+/-5,526.16 cells/mm3 vs. 11,822.55+/-5,687.26 cells/mm3, P<0.001), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (32.81+/-19.34 mm/hr vs. 23.74+/-20.43 mm/hr, P<0.001), and C-reactive protein (6.84+/-5.68 mg/dL vs. 3.78+/-3.99 mg/dL, P<0.001) than group 1. There was a significantly higher incidence of hydronephrosis and a higher grade of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in group 2 compared to group 1. CONCLUSION: In infants with UTI, pyuria of longer duration is related to severe UTI and higher grade VUR, therefore aggressive radiologic studies may be necessary.
Blood Sedimentation ; C-Reactive Protein ; Child ; Early Diagnosis ; Fever ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Incidence ; Infant ; Leukocyte Count ; Pyuria ; Retrospective Studies ; Urinary Tract ; Urinary Tract Infections ; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux

Traumatic atlanto-occipital dislocation is usually fatal. To date, few cases have been reported in the literature because survival after traumatic atlanto-occipital dislocation is extremely rare. We present the case of a 47-year-old man with traumatic atlanto-occipital rotatory posterior dislocation combined with atlanto-axial rotatory subluxation and treated by occipito-cervical fusion using Bohlman's triple wiring technique.
Dislocations* ; Humans ; Middle Aged

The purpose of this study was to develop the CORE Program for sex offenders and to determine its effectiveness. The CORE Program was designed with an aim to achieve cognitive restructuring, improve the ability to empathize in interpersonal relationships, and enhance self-esteem and intimacy. We conducted this program over 48 sessions for 28 sex offenders. The effectiveness of the program was evaluated using the Interpersonal Responsiveness Index (IRI), Self-esteem Questionnaire (SEQ), UCLA Loneliness Scale (UCLALS), Coping Using Sex Inventory (CUSI), Rape Myth Acceptance Scale (RMAS), and Wilson's Sex Fantasy Questionnaire (WSFQ). The data were analyzed using paired t-tests. Our results showed no significant changes in the SEQ, UCLALS, and IRI scores after the treatment program. However, the scores for the CUSI, RMAS, and WSFQ significantly improved after this program. In this paper, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the CORE Program for sex offenders. We also discuss the limitations of our study and provide suggestions for future research. Our findings indicate that this treatment program should be provided to sex offenders for preventing recidivism.
Criminals ; Fantasy ; Humans ; Loneliness ; Paraphilic Disorders ; Rape ; Surveys and Questionnaires

We have analyzed 100 urinary calculi by chemical analysis, which obtained from the patients admitted our department during the period from March, 1981 to February, 1983. The following results were obtained: 1. The results of chemical analysis of 100 urinary calculi revealed calcium oxalate phosphate in 43%, calcium oxalate in 19%, calcium phosphate in 15%, ammonium phosphate in 12%, carbonate calcium oxalate phosphate in 7%, uric acid in 2%, acid + calcium phosphate in 2%. 2. 40 of 100 patients with urinary stones showed bacteriuria and Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most frequent organism. 3. The causative diseases of the urinary stones were renal tuberculosis 4 cases, neurogenic bladder in 4 cases, urethral stricture in 3 cases, BPH in 1 case and hyperparathyroidism in 1 case. 4. The incidence of high urinary calcium amount was greater in lithiasis group(43%) than in control group(17%) The incidence of high urinary calcium amount in lithiasis group was as following order: calcium oxalate phosphate in 55.8%, calcium phosphate in 46.7%, calcium in 42.1% and ammonium phosphate in 28%.
Ammonium Compounds ; Bacteriuria ; Calcium ; Calcium Oxalate ; Carbon ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism ; Incidence ; Lithiasis ; Staphylococcus epidermidis ; Tuberculosis, Renal ; Urethral Stricture ; Uric Acid ; Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic ; Urinary Calculi*

Between November 2005 and March 2006, a total of 253 poultry flocks in the Gyeonggi-do of Korea were examined for seroprevalence against avian influenza (AI) using a hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test and an agar gel precipitation test. No low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) virus was isolated from 47 seropositive flocks that lacked clinical signs during sampling. The unadjusted percentage of seroprevalence rates of layer and broiler flocks were not significantly different, i.e., 26% (25/96) and 23% (22/97), respectively. The HI titer of the layers (mean = 89) was higher than the broilers (mean = 36; p < 0.001). A cross-sectional study was conducted for the seroprevalence of LPAI in the layers. Of 7 risk factors, farms employing one or more workers had a higher seropositive prevalence as compared to farms without hired employees (adjusted prevalence OR = 11.5, p = 0.031). Layer flocks older than 400 d had higher seropositivity than flocks younger than 300 d (OR = 4.9, p = 0.017). The farmers recognized at least one of the clinical signs in seropositive flocks, such as decreased egg production, respiratory syndromes, and increased mortality (OR = 2.3, p = 0.082). In a matched case-control study, 20 pairs of case and control flocks matched for type of flock, hired employees, age, and flock size were compared. Frequent cleansing with disinfectants was associated with a decreased risk of seropositivity (OR = 0.2, p = 0.022). Although there was a low statistical association, using a foot disinfectant when entering the building led to a decreased rate of seropositivity (OR = 0.3, p = 0.105).
Animals ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests ; Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype/*genetics ; Influenza in Birds/*epidemiology/*virology ; Korea/epidemiology ; Poultry ; Risk Factors ; Seroepidemiologic Studies