No abstract available.
Hyperplasia

There are some errors in the published article. The authors would like to make corrections in the original version of the article.

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Cisplatin* ; Drug Therapy* ; Head* ; Neck*

No abstract available.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of periprostatic lidocaine injection according to lidocaine dose during transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The subjects of this study were 92 patients who had undergone transrectal ultrasound-guided 12-core biopsy of the prostate. The patients were randomly assigned to three groups: group 1 (n=31, no lidocaine injection), group 2 (n=30, periprostatic injection of 10 ml 1% lidocaine), and group 3 (n=31, periprostatic injection of 20 ml 1% lidocaine). The patients were assessed for pain by use of a 10-point visual analogue scale (VAS) and for other complications after the procedure. RESULTS: The mean VAS scores of groups 1 through 3 were 0.93+/-0.89, 1.32+/-1.37, and 1.13+/-1.10, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between the three groups. However, the mean VAS score of the biopsy pain was 5.0+/-1.48, 3.93+/-1.94, and 3.60+/-2.15, in the same groups, respectively, with statistically significant differences between group 1 and the other groups. Patients in groups 2 and 3 reported significantly less biopsy pain than did group 1 patients (p=0.004, 0.021), with no statistically significant difference in VAS score between groups 2 and 3 (p=0.533). With respect to post-biopsy complications, there were no significant differences in the incidence of hematuria, hematospermia, rectal bleeding, or infection among the three groups. CONCLUSIONS: Periprostatic injection of local anesthesia with lidocaine was associated with significantly less pain than in the absence of anesthesia. Furthermore, a 20-ml dose of lidocaine produced no better pain control than did a 10-ml lidocaine dose for prostate biopsy.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, Local ; Biopsy ; Hematuria ; Hemorrhage ; Hemospermia ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lidocaine ; Prostate

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of periprostatic lidocaine injection according to lidocaine dose during transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The subjects of this study were 92 patients who had undergone transrectal ultrasound-guided 12-core biopsy of the prostate. The patients were randomly assigned to three groups: group 1 (n=31, no lidocaine injection), group 2 (n=30, periprostatic injection of 10 ml 1% lidocaine), and group 3 (n=31, periprostatic injection of 20 ml 1% lidocaine). The patients were assessed for pain by use of a 10-point visual analogue scale (VAS) and for other complications after the procedure. RESULTS: The mean VAS scores of groups 1 through 3 were 0.93+/-0.89, 1.32+/-1.37, and 1.13+/-1.10, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between the three groups. However, the mean VAS score of the biopsy pain was 5.0+/-1.48, 3.93+/-1.94, and 3.60+/-2.15, in the same groups, respectively, with statistically significant differences between group 1 and the other groups. Patients in groups 2 and 3 reported significantly less biopsy pain than did group 1 patients (p=0.004, 0.021), with no statistically significant difference in VAS score between groups 2 and 3 (p=0.533). With respect to post-biopsy complications, there were no significant differences in the incidence of hematuria, hematospermia, rectal bleeding, or infection among the three groups. CONCLUSIONS: Periprostatic injection of local anesthesia with lidocaine was associated with significantly less pain than in the absence of anesthesia. Furthermore, a 20-ml dose of lidocaine produced no better pain control than did a 10-ml lidocaine dose for prostate biopsy.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, Local ; Biopsy ; Hematuria ; Hemorrhage ; Hemospermia ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lidocaine ; Prostate

INTRODUCTION: Hydroxyapatite(HA) coating implant can accelerate osseointegration, however, there are many controversies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study examined the early osseointegration of two types of hydroxyapatite coated implants. Twelve adult male miniature pigs (Medi Kinetics Micropigs, Medi Kinetics Co., Ltd., Busan, Korea) were used in this study. In the implants placed in the mandible, a histomorphometric evaluation was performed to evaluate the bone-implant contact (BIC) ratio. RESULTS: The BIC ratio increased with time. TS III HA and Zimmer HA were not significantly different (P>0.05). At 8 weeks, the BIC of Zimmer HA was higher than TS III HA, but there was no significant difference (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: HA coated implants will accelerate early osseointegration.
Adult ; Durapatite ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Male ; Mandible ; Nitrogen Mustard Compounds ; Osseointegration ; Swine

PURPOSE: Poisoning represents one of the most common accidents encountered by young children. Recently, mortality due to poisoning has gradually decreased, but the incidence has not decreased. We performed this study to compare the following factors during 1980's and 1990's : sex distribution, urban and rural distribution, causative substances. METHODS: A clinical study was performed on 90 cases of acute poisoning who were admitted in the pediatric department of Cho Sun University Hospital from Jan. 1980 to Aug. 1995. RESULTS: 1) The poisoning occured more frequently in males than in females, and the highest incidence was observed in the 1 to 5 year age group(50.0%). 2) Seasonal incidence was more prevalent in summer(from June to August). 3) The frequency of poisoning in the country was higher than in urban, but no significant difference between urban and the country in 1990s. 4) The causative substances were agricultural chemicals(36.7%), drugs(23.3%), household inseticide(21.1%). 5) In 1990s, poisoning due to houshold insecticide was decreased, whereas poisoning due to drug increased. 6) The cause of poisoning was mainly accidental(82.2%). 7) Accident was the leading cause of poisoning in children up to 10 years old, whereas suicidal attempts happened at the 10 to 15 year age group. 8) Death in the hospital was one case(1.1%). CONCLUSIONS: Urban incidence gradually increased and accidental poisoning due to medicine also increased. So, we conclude that prevention such as education and use of grip-tight cap or similar safety devices is important.
Child* ; Education ; Family Characteristics ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Mortality ; Poisoning* ; Protective Devices ; Seasons ; Sex Distribution ; Solar System

BACKGROUND: Voglibose, an inhibitor of alpha-glucosidase of the small intestine brush border, is used to treat type 2 diabetic patients. Bioequivalence test based on pharmacokinetic parameters is difficult because voglibose does not cross the enterocytes after ingestion. This study was conducted to establish bioequivalence of two formulations of 0.3-mg voglibose with pharmacodynamic endpoints. METHODS: This study was an open, single-dose, randomized, 6-sequence, 3-period crossover design in healthy volunteers. In each period, subjects received placebo or three tablets of either test formulation or reference formulation with sucrose, with a 7-day washout period each dosing period. Serial blood samples were collected after each administration. The maximum concentrations of serum glucose and serum insulin (C(max)(G) and C(max)(I)) and the area under the serum concentration - time curve from dosing to 2 or 4 hours after dosing for serum glucose and insulin (AUC(0-2h)(G), AUC(0-4h)(G), AUC(0-2h)(I) and AUC(0-4h)(I), respectively) were determined by noncompartmental analysis. Formulation-related differences were tested in accordance with the Korean regulatory bioequivalence criteria. RESULTS: A total of 54 subjects completed study in accordance with protocol. The geometric mean ratios (GMRs) of the test formulation to the reference formulation for Cmax(G), AUC(0-2h)(G), AUC(0-4h)(G), C(max)(I), AUC(0-2h)(I) and AUC(0-4h)(I) were 0.945, 1.014, 0.995, 0.937, 0.985 and 0.983, respectively and the 90% confidence intervals (CIs) of corresponding values were 0.985-1.026, 0.991-1.038, 0.977-1.014, 0.830-1.057, 0.901-1.078 and 0.911-1.014, respectively. CONCLUSION: This single-dose study found that two formulations of 0.3-mg voglibose did not meet the regulatory criteria for bioequivalence in these healthy volunteers.
alpha-Glucosidases ; Cross-Over Studies ; Eating ; Enterocytes ; Glucose ; Humans ; Inositol ; Insulin ; Intestine, Small ; Microvilli ; Sucrose ; Tablets ; Therapeutic Equivalency

Previously, we demonstrated the changes of erectile tissues by intraperitoneal administration of BPA with toxic dose (cumulative dose of 900mg) in the rabbit. We performed this study to investigate the changes of erectile tissues by intracavernosal administration of BPA with low dose. New Zealand white rabbits were treated intracavernosally with 1 mg, 1 micro gram, 1 ng, and 1pg of BPA. Four weeks after administration of BPA, the contractions and relaxation of cavernosal tissue strips were significantly suppressed in the BPA-treated animals in a dose-dependent fashion compared with the control animals. Histologically, thickening of tunica albuginea by increased collagen fibers, subtunical deposition of fat, and decreased sinusoidal space by severe cavernosal smooth muscle hyperplasia with fibrosis were observed in the BPA treated animals. These results suggest that xenoestrogen BPA may affect the erectile function through evident histological changes of the penis in low dose.
Animals ; Collagen ; Fibrosis ; Hyperplasia ; Male ; Muscle, Smooth ; Penis ; Rabbits ; Relaxation