No abstract available.
Hyperplasia

There are some errors in the published article. The authors would like to make corrections in the original version of the article.

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Cisplatin* ; Drug Therapy* ; Head* ; Neck*

No abstract available.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of periprostatic lidocaine injection according to lidocaine dose during transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The subjects of this study were 92 patients who had undergone transrectal ultrasound-guided 12-core biopsy of the prostate. The patients were randomly assigned to three groups: group 1 (n=31, no lidocaine injection), group 2 (n=30, periprostatic injection of 10 ml 1% lidocaine), and group 3 (n=31, periprostatic injection of 20 ml 1% lidocaine). The patients were assessed for pain by use of a 10-point visual analogue scale (VAS) and for other complications after the procedure. RESULTS: The mean VAS scores of groups 1 through 3 were 0.93+/-0.89, 1.32+/-1.37, and 1.13+/-1.10, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between the three groups. However, the mean VAS score of the biopsy pain was 5.0+/-1.48, 3.93+/-1.94, and 3.60+/-2.15, in the same groups, respectively, with statistically significant differences between group 1 and the other groups. Patients in groups 2 and 3 reported significantly less biopsy pain than did group 1 patients (p=0.004, 0.021), with no statistically significant difference in VAS score between groups 2 and 3 (p=0.533). With respect to post-biopsy complications, there were no significant differences in the incidence of hematuria, hematospermia, rectal bleeding, or infection among the three groups. CONCLUSIONS: Periprostatic injection of local anesthesia with lidocaine was associated with significantly less pain than in the absence of anesthesia. Furthermore, a 20-ml dose of lidocaine produced no better pain control than did a 10-ml lidocaine dose for prostate biopsy.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, Local ; Biopsy ; Hematuria ; Hemorrhage ; Hemospermia ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lidocaine ; Prostate

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of periprostatic lidocaine injection according to lidocaine dose during transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The subjects of this study were 92 patients who had undergone transrectal ultrasound-guided 12-core biopsy of the prostate. The patients were randomly assigned to three groups: group 1 (n=31, no lidocaine injection), group 2 (n=30, periprostatic injection of 10 ml 1% lidocaine), and group 3 (n=31, periprostatic injection of 20 ml 1% lidocaine). The patients were assessed for pain by use of a 10-point visual analogue scale (VAS) and for other complications after the procedure. RESULTS: The mean VAS scores of groups 1 through 3 were 0.93+/-0.89, 1.32+/-1.37, and 1.13+/-1.10, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between the three groups. However, the mean VAS score of the biopsy pain was 5.0+/-1.48, 3.93+/-1.94, and 3.60+/-2.15, in the same groups, respectively, with statistically significant differences between group 1 and the other groups. Patients in groups 2 and 3 reported significantly less biopsy pain than did group 1 patients (p=0.004, 0.021), with no statistically significant difference in VAS score between groups 2 and 3 (p=0.533). With respect to post-biopsy complications, there were no significant differences in the incidence of hematuria, hematospermia, rectal bleeding, or infection among the three groups. CONCLUSIONS: Periprostatic injection of local anesthesia with lidocaine was associated with significantly less pain than in the absence of anesthesia. Furthermore, a 20-ml dose of lidocaine produced no better pain control than did a 10-ml lidocaine dose for prostate biopsy.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, Local ; Biopsy ; Hematuria ; Hemorrhage ; Hemospermia ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lidocaine ; Prostate

INTRODUCTION: Hydroxyapatite(HA) coating implant can accelerate osseointegration, however, there are many controversies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study examined the early osseointegration of two types of hydroxyapatite coated implants. Twelve adult male miniature pigs (Medi Kinetics Micropigs, Medi Kinetics Co., Ltd., Busan, Korea) were used in this study. In the implants placed in the mandible, a histomorphometric evaluation was performed to evaluate the bone-implant contact (BIC) ratio. RESULTS: The BIC ratio increased with time. TS III HA and Zimmer HA were not significantly different (P>0.05). At 8 weeks, the BIC of Zimmer HA was higher than TS III HA, but there was no significant difference (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: HA coated implants will accelerate early osseointegration.
Adult ; Durapatite ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Male ; Mandible ; Nitrogen Mustard Compounds ; Osseointegration ; Swine

PURPOSE: Poisoning represents one of the most common accidents encountered by young children. Recently, mortality due to poisoning has gradually decreased, but the incidence has not decreased. We performed this study to compare the following factors during 1980's and 1990's : sex distribution, urban and rural distribution, causative substances. METHODS: A clinical study was performed on 90 cases of acute poisoning who were admitted in the pediatric department of Cho Sun University Hospital from Jan. 1980 to Aug. 1995. RESULTS: 1) The poisoning occured more frequently in males than in females, and the highest incidence was observed in the 1 to 5 year age group(50.0%). 2) Seasonal incidence was more prevalent in summer(from June to August). 3) The frequency of poisoning in the country was higher than in urban, but no significant difference between urban and the country in 1990s. 4) The causative substances were agricultural chemicals(36.7%), drugs(23.3%), household inseticide(21.1%). 5) In 1990s, poisoning due to houshold insecticide was decreased, whereas poisoning due to drug increased. 6) The cause of poisoning was mainly accidental(82.2%). 7) Accident was the leading cause of poisoning in children up to 10 years old, whereas suicidal attempts happened at the 10 to 15 year age group. 8) Death in the hospital was one case(1.1%). CONCLUSIONS: Urban incidence gradually increased and accidental poisoning due to medicine also increased. So, we conclude that prevention such as education and use of grip-tight cap or similar safety devices is important.
Child* ; Education ; Family Characteristics ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Mortality ; Poisoning* ; Protective Devices ; Seasons ; Sex Distribution ; Solar System

OBJECTIVE: Severe hyponatremia is rare but constitute a true medical emergency since it has deleterious effects on the central nervous system. The etiology and clinical presentation of severe hyponatremia are diverse and nonspecific, furthermore, the optimal therapeutic approach is debatable at the present time. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the clinical manifestations of severe hyponatremic patients and to assess the outcomes with special reference to the rate of its correction. METHODS: This retrospective study analyzed the clinical course of 27 consecutive patients(pts) at a single medical center who presented with neurologic hyponatremic symptoms as well as a serum sodium (Na) concentration less than 125mEq/L. RESULTS: Of 27 hyponatremic patients, male to female ratio was almost equal, 13 to 14, and mean age was 67.1 years. The most common cause of hyponatremia was SIADH(11 pts, 40.7%), followed by hypovolemia(11 pts, 37.1%), and edema(4 pts, 14.8%). Hyponatremic neurologic symptoms included lethargy(33.3%), confusion with drowsy mentality (33.3%), dizziness(18.6%), and semicoma(7.4%), respectively. The rate of increase to a serum Na concentration to 125mEq/L during correction of hyponatremic averaged 0.56+/-0.49mEq/L/hr while the maximum increase in serum Na concentration during any period of the hospital course, mostly initial phase, averaged 0.69+/-0.63mEq/L/hr in all 27 pts, of whom 18 pts(66.7%) was less than 0.5mEq/L/hr, 3 pts from 0.5 to 1.0mEq/L/hr(11.1%), and 6 pts more than 1.0mEq/L/hr(22.2%). All 27 pts but one recovered from neurologic symptoms due to hyponatremia without neurologic sequale. Extrapontine myelinolysis with locked in condition was developed during the course of treating hyponatremia in a pts, of whom serum Na concentration before treatment was the lowest(92mEq/L) with the rate of correction to 125mEq/L by 1.26mEq/L/hr and the initial rate of correction within the first 6 hour by 3.17mEq/L/hr. No one died of hyponatremia itself during the course of its treatment but 3 deaths of 27 pts were attributed to the pts' severe underlying diseases. CONCLUSION: Surprisingly, these data revealed the relatively benign course of severe symptomatic hyponatremia. However, in assessing the outcome of severe symptomatic hyponatremia, the initial degree of hyponatremia as well as the rate of correction during its treatment, particularly the initial rate of correction within the first 6 hour, would be considered.
Central Nervous System ; Emergencies ; Female ; Humans ; Hyponatremia ; Male ; Myelinolysis, Central Pontine ; Neurologic Manifestations* ; Retrospective Studies ; Sodium

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate change in the proton MR spectroscopic (1H-MRS) features of the liver according to changes in the severity of the chronic hepatitis spectrum (normal-chronic hepatitis-liver cirrhosis), and to determine the possibility of replacing liver biopsy by1 H-MRS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty profiles of 1H-MRS features from 15 normal volunteers, 30 cases of chronic hepatitis, and 15 of liver cirrhosis were evaluated. All cases of chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis were confirmed by biopsy, and histopathologic disease severity was categorized according to Ludwig 's classification. Using the STEAM(STimulated Echo-Aquisition Mode) sequence, 1H-MRS was performed. The ratios of peak areas of [glutamate+glutamine]/lipid, phosphomonoesters/lipid, [glycogen+glucose]/lipid, and [3.9-4 . 1ppm unknown peak]/lipid and their mean and standard deviation were calculated in normal, chronic hepatitis stages I and II, and early and late liver cirrhosis groups and the results were compared between these groups. One-way variable analysis was applied to the statistics. RESULTS: Mean and standard deviation of phosphomonoesters/lipid in the normal, chronic hepatitis grades I and II, and early and late liver cirrhosis groups were 0.0146 +/-0.0090, 0.0222 +/-0.0170, 0.0341 +/-0.0276, 0 . 0 6 9 8 +/-0.0360, and 0.0881 +/-0.0276, respectively, and [glycogen+ glucose]/lipid were 0.0403 +/-0.0267, 0.0922 +/-0.0377, 0.1230 +/-0.0364, 0.1853 +/-0.0667, and 0.2325 +/-0.1071, respectively. These results implied that the ra-tio of the above metabolites to lipid content increased according to increasing disease severity (p<0.05). For [g-lutamate+glutamine]/lipid however, the ratios for each group were 0.0204 +/-0.0067, 0.0117 +/-0.0078, 0.0409 +/-0.0167, 0.0212 +/-0.0103, and 0.0693 +/-0.0371, respectively, and there was no correlation with disease severity. In the chonic hepatitis grades I and II, and early and late liver cirrhosis groups, the ratios for [3.9 -4.1 ppm un-known peak]/l ipid were 0.0302 +/-0.0087, 0.0513 +/-0.0167, 0.1112 +/-0.0351, and 0.1504 +/-0 . 0 3 5 5 ,and these also increased according to increasing disease severity (p<0.05). On MR spectra of normal livers, an unknown peak at 3.9 -4.1ppm was not detected. CONCLUSION: Changes in MR spectroscopic features in cases of chronic hepatitic and liver cirrhosis correlated with changes in disease severity, and the sensitivity of the unknown peak at 3.9 -4.1ppm changed according to disease severity. It is therefore possible to differentiate between normal liver, chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis by analysis of the 1H-MRS features of the liver. These results indicate that in cases of chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis, biopsy of the liver can be replaced by 1H-MRS.
Biopsy ; Classification ; Healthy Volunteers ; Hepatitis ; Hepatitis, Chronic* ; Liver Cirrhosis* ; Liver* ; Protons*