No Abstract Available.
Filtering Surgery* ; Genistein* ; Glaucoma*

Metacercariae were found from 6 samples among 4,382 Parlemon nipponensis which were caught at Podu, Kohung, Korea. The metacercaria was inclined as a larval stage of Paragonimus westermani by following reason: Semisulcospira libertina was the only one species which lives in Podu area. No other metacercaria except Paragonimus westermani were found from the craw or cray fish which were caught in the endemic aera. Metacercariae, ovary, testes and cuticular spines resmbled the characteristics of Paragonimus westermani, which have been described by previous workers.
parasitology ; helminth ; trematoda ; Paragonimus westermani ; metacercaria ; epidemiology

In 1930s, Mauriac described a syndrome in diabetic children consisting of stunted growth, hepatomegaly, and delayed puberty. This syndrome was related to poorly controlled diabetes of long duration. A 14-year-old girl, who had been diagnosed as insulin dependent diabetes mellitus three years ago but had not been well controlled for diabetes, visited to hospital because of short stature, delayed puberty, and visual disturbance. On physical exam her height was 146cm(<3 percentile) and her weight was 34kg(<3 percentile) and sexual maturation was delayed as Tanner stage I. The liver was 3FB palpable below the right subcostal margin. She had hyperglycemia and elevated plasma cortisol. She was diagnosed as Mauriac syndrome. On ophthalmologic examination, the cataracts were observed on both eyes and she had also peripheral neuropathy on lower extremities. Her blood glucose was controlled strictly by regular insulin during admission, and her weight was increased and hepatomegaly was improved at discharge, two months later. We report a case of Mauriac syndrome with a brief review and related literatures.
Adolescent ; Blood Glucose ; Cataract ; Child ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Female ; Hepatomegaly ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone ; Hyperglycemia ; Insulin ; Liver ; Lower Extremity ; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases ; Plasma ; Puberty, Delayed ; Sexual Maturation

Environmental studies regarding Paragonimiasis have been done in Sulak-Myun, Kapyung-Goon (I district) and Yongmoon-Myun, Yangpyung-Goon (II district), both of which are considered "active" endemic areas, and in Byukje-Myun, Koyang-Goon (III district) an "arrested" area. 1. Paragonimiasis is still active in the Uhmos River, Sulak-Myun, Kapyung-Goon, where 49% of crayfish contained Paragonimus metacecaria. Snails which are the first intermediate host of Paragonimus westermani were moderately present. In the Oonke River, Yongmoon-Myun, Yangpyung-Goon, crayfish which are the second intermediate host of Paragonimus westermani, were found in every area of the river, but snails were not found in any area of either branch of the river. They were caught in areas which are located below the junction. In the Daeja river, Bykje-Myun, Koyang-Goon, crayfish were found only in the upper stream of the river and snails were not caught in any area of the river. 2. The results described above are attributed to the fact that snails, which have minimal mobility and vitality, were complete1y obliterated by the long, unprecedented drought in 1965. In contrust, crayfish with great mobility and vitality survived. Thus without the snail, the life cycle of Paragonimus western1ani become incomplete, and the clinical disease disappeared. 3. Rainfall is very important in maintaining water flow in the river, a necessary factor for the life cycle of Paragonimus westermani. Therefore we have charted tile amount of rainfall in the Seoul and Choonchun areas in 1965, compared with the average of the past 30 years, in order to ascertain the degree of drought which influnced the Paragonimus westermani hosts and cohabitants. 4. Geographic conditions which are also very important in maintaining water flow in small rivers was investigated. The conclusion was drawn, that a long river has an advantage over a short during drought; a tortuous river provides a better opportunity for miracidia of Paragonimus westermani eggs to migrate to snails, and for Pargonimus cercaria to invade crayfish than a straight rapidly flowing river. 5. We must conclude that man may ingest Paragonimus metacercaria by drinking water from shallow wells and streams in areas endemic to paragonimiasis, when we note that one crayfish of four caught in shallow wells in Kapyung-Goon contained many Paragonimus metacercaria. 6. Other factors are the increase in traffic due to the expanding population in Korean farm areas, and the increase in the use of farm chemicals, which seep into the rivers and reduce the number of snails, crayfish and crabs available as potential hosts. 7. In recent years, the wild fauna in the mountains, one of the important terminal hosts of Paragonimus westermani, have been markedly reduced in number. This may have contributed to decreasing paragonimiasis as directly infective to man. 8. Health education on paragonimiasis, informing the people of the dangers of eating raw or inadequately cooked crayfish and crabs, or those soaked less than 10 days in soysauce, and drinking the water from shallow wells and streams, is demonstrated to have decreased the incidence of this disease. 9. Because of the preceding facts, paragonimiasis in Kyunggi-Prvince is being decreased.
Animals ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Crustacea ; *Disease Reservoirs ; *Disease Vectors ; Ecology ; Human ; Korea ; Paragonimiasis/*epidemiology ; Paragonimus/isolation & purification ; Snails

The medulloblastoma is a tumor of the cerebellum, particulary common in children. Most of them in childhood are situated in the midline vermis, but in adults are in the lateral lobes. The authors reported two cases of medulloblastoma which developed in the midline vermis although the patients were adult, and reviewed with concerned articles.
Adult* ; Cerebellum ; Child ; Humans ; Medulloblastoma*

We compared the intraocular pressure reducing effect and side effects of 0.005%Latanoprost administered once daily with 0.5%Timolol administered twice daily in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. This was an open randomized study with two parallel groups and a treatment period of 12 weeks. A total of 76 patients were included:38 in the Latanoprost group and 38 in the Timolol group. Intraocular pressure was reduced from 25.92 mms of mercury to 17.12 mms of mercury[33.91%]with Latanoprost and from 22.53 mms of mercury to 18.38 mms of mercury[18.42%]with Timolol. The efficacy of Latanoprost was statistically superior to timolol[p<0.001]. Latanoprost induced a slight conjunctival hyperemia and ocular discomfort but both drugs were generally well tolerated. Iris hyperpigmentation reported as a significant side effect of Latanoprost was not observed during 12 weeks of follow-up. It is concluded that Latanoprost administered once daily in the evening reduced intraocular pressure as well as and probably more than Timolol administered twice daily.
Follow-Up Studies ; Glaucoma ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle ; Humans ; Hyperemia ; Hyperpigmentation ; Intraocular Pressure* ; Iris ; Ocular Hypertension ; Timolol*

Perfusion disorder of the optic nerve head has been thought to be one of the risk factors glaucoma and studies on optic nerve perfusion have been performed recently. Heidelberg Retina Flowmeter(HRF: Heidelberg Engineering GbmH, heidelberg, Germany) is known to be useful in the evaluation of retinal and optic nerve head microcirculation. The objective of this study is to present the changes of retinal and optic nerve head blood flow with regard to the age in normal subjects, thus providing the reference values of retinal and optic nerve head microcirculation. Twenty subjects of each decade from third to eighth, total 120 were included in this study. Microcirculations were measured by HRF at nasal and temporal juxtapapillary retina, nasal and temporal neuroretinal rim, and optic cup area. The mean flow was measured to be 385.14 at temporal neuroretinal rim, 432.62 at nasal neuroretinal rim, and 157.12 at optic cup area. Student`s t-test revealed that there was o significant difference in flow between nasal and temporal neuroretinal rim(0.45), and between nasal and temporal juxtapapillary retina(p=0.36). Pearson`s correlation analysis revealed significant linear inverse relationship between the age and flow at neuroretinal rim(NRR) and juxtapapillary retina(JPR)(correlation coefficient r=-0.83, p=0.034 for NRR and r=-0.87, p=0.012 for JPR), but not at optic cup(r=-0.62, p=0.13).
Glaucoma ; Microcirculation* ; Optic Disk ; Optic Nerve* ; Perfusion ; Reference Values ; Retina ; Retinaldehyde* ; Risk Factors

Iridocorneal endothelial(ICE) syndrome is charaterized by unilateral glaucoma, abnormal corneal endothelium with proliferation, and iris stromal abnormalities. Uncontrolled glaucoma in ICE syndrome has been treated with filtering surgery, but the late failures occurred frequently. The medical records of nine patients with ICE syndrome that underwent glaucoma surgery were retrospectively reviewed. 6 eyes were progressive iris atrophy, and 3 eyes were Cogan-Reese syndrome. The success rates of primary trabeculectomy at 1 and 2 years were 57.1% and 33.3%, respectively. Ahmed glaucoma valve implant oeprations were performed on 6 eyes with failed previous filtering operation. 4 of 6 eyes resulted in controlled IOP until last follow up visit(mean ; 18.8 months). Overall, 1.9 times operations were needed to control IOP. Operations were performed only one time in 4 patients and two times in 3 patients to control IOP.
Atrophy ; Endothelium, Corneal ; Filtering Surgery ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glaucoma* ; Humans ; Ice ; Iridocorneal Endothelial Syndrome* ; Iris ; Medical Records ; Retrospective Studies ; Trabeculectomy

PURPOSE: Patients with canalicular or common canalicular obstruction have been treated by carrying out conjuctivodacryocystorhinostomy mainly through skin or the nasal cavity, but all sorts of defects attendant on an operation have been indicated. At this, the authors inquired into a result of a surgery and their satisfaction in a different viewpoint for silicone intubation. METHODS: We inquired into a result of a surgery and their satisfaction in a different viewpoint for 68 patients' 72 eyes who can be observed over 3 months among patients diagnosed as canalicular or common canalicular obstruction and operated on with silicone intubation as subject. RESULTS: After surgery, silicone tube was removed at average postoperative 5.8 months and we observed them for average 10.5 months. The result of operations showed that successful cases are 72.2% (52 eyes) and failing cases are 28.8% (20 eyes). CONCLUSION: For the cases with canalicular obstruction, especially common canalicular obstruction for short period, primary silicone intubation would be one of the ideal lacrimal surgery that should be explained the possible secondary conjuctivodacryocystorhinostomy later.
Adult* ; Humans ; Intubation* ; Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases ; Nasal Cavity ; Silicones* ; Skin

Orbital meningioma is relatively rare. A case of intraorbital meningioma arising from optic nerve sheath is presented, which extended intracranially through the optic canal. Transfrontal intradural and extradural approach under the operating microscope is the best successful exposure for the orbital meningioma when there is suspected intracranial extension of the tumor.
Meningioma* ; Optic Nerve ; Orbit*