1.Comparative study of typical and atypical benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (Rolandic epilepsy).
Junhyuk SONG ; Kyuha LEE ; Sajun CHUNG
Korean Journal of Pediatrics 2008;51(10):1085-1089
PURPOSE: This study aims to examine and compare the features of rolandic epilepsy. METHODS: Of 158 patients selected retrospectively, 116 had typical (group A) and 42 had atypical (group B) rolandic epilepsy, as defined by Worrall's criteria. RESULTS: The age at onset of the seizures in group Awas 8.6+/-2.0 y and 6.2+/-1.7 y in group B (P>0.05). Among the 40 patients who underwent neuroimaging studies (25 patients in group Aand 15 patients in group B), abnormal findings in group B included ventricular dilatation, mild cortical atrophy, and partial agenesis of corpus callosum. group A had no abnormal findings. The frequency of seizures was 2.0+/-1.0 and 2.3+/-1.2 per month in groups A and B respectively. Seizure control from the initial anticonvulsant treatment was achieved within 3 months in group A, and 3 to 12 months in group B. A 2-year remission rate was noted in 105 patients in group A and in 38 patients in group B. Of these, the recurrence rate after 2 y was 13 in group A and 12 in group B. CONCLUSION: Age of onset of seizures, gender, frequency of seizures before therapy, and 2-y remission rate were not significantly different in the 2 groups. However, neuroimaging abnormalities, the time to achieving seizure control from the initial anticonvulsant treatment, and the recurrence rate after being seizure-free for 2 y were significantly different in the 2 groups.
Age of Onset
;
Agenesis of Corpus Callosum
;
Atrophy
;
Dilatation
;
Epilepsy, Rolandic
;
Humans
;
Neuroimaging
;
Recurrence
;
Retrospective Studies
;
Seizures
2.Potential Risk of Choline Alfoscerate on Isoflurane-Induced Toxicity in Primary Human Astrocytes
Hyun Jung LEE ; Hye Rim CHO ; Minji BANG ; Yeo Song LEE ; Youn Jin KIM ; Kyuha CHONG
Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society 2024;67(4):418-430
Objective:
: Isoflurane, a widely used common inhalational anesthetic agent, can induce brain toxicity. The challenge lies in protecting neurologically compromised patients from neurotoxic anesthetics. Choline alfoscerate (L-α-Glycerophosphorylcholine, α-GPC) is recognized for its neuroprotective properties against oxidative stress and inflammation, but its optimal therapeutic window and indications are still under investigation. This study explores the impact of α-GPC on human astrocytes, the most abundant cells in the brain that protect against oxidative stress, under isoflurane exposure.
Methods:
: This study was designed to examine changes in factors related to isoflurane-induced toxicity following α-GPC administration. Primary human astrocytes were pretreated with varying doses of α-GPC (ranging from 0.1 to 10.0 μM) for 24 hours prior to 2.5% isoflurane exposure. In vitro analysis of cell morphology, water-soluble tetrazolium salt-1 assay, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, proteome profiler array, and transcriptome sequencing were conducted.
Results:
: A significant morphological damage to human astrocytes was observed in the group that had been pretreated with 10.0 mM of α-GPC and exposed to 2.5% isoflurane. A decrease in cell viability was identified in the group pretreated with 10.0 μM of α-GPC and exposed to 2.5% isoflurane compared to the group exposed only to 2.5% isoflurane. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed that mRNA expression of heme-oxygenase 1 and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, which were reduced by isoflurane, was further suppressed by 10.0 μM α-GPC pretreatment. The proteome profiler array demonstrated that α-GPC pretreatment influenced a variety of factors associated with apoptosis induced by oxidative stress. Additionally, transcriptome sequencing identified pathways significantly related to changes in isoflurane-induced toxicity caused by α-GPC pretreatment.
Conclusion
: The findings suggest that α-GPC pretreatment could potentially enhance the vulnerability of primary human astrocytes to isoflurane-induced toxicity by diminishing the expression of antioxidant factors, potentially leading to amplified cell damage.
3.A Novel Robot-Assisted Kinematic Measure for Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Preliminary Study
Aran MIN ; Johanna Inhyang KIM ; Hak Jong NOH ; Moon Sang KIM ; Hyo-Shin LEE ; Mun-Taek CHOI ; Kyuha LEE ; Jun-Ho SEO ; Ga Hyun LEE ; Seong-kyu KANG ; Dong Hyun AHN
Psychiatry Investigation 2021;18(7):645-651
Objective:
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. In contrast to neurocognitive measurements of inattention and impulsivity, there has been limited research regarding the objective measurement of hyperactivity in youths with ADHD. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the clinical effectiveness of a newly developed Robot-assisted Kinematic Measure for ADHD (RAKMA) in children with ADHD.
Methods:
In total, 35 children with ADHD aged 5 to 12 years and 50 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited, and the parents completed the Child Behavior Checklist and the Korean ADHD Diagnostic Scale. RAKMA performance was represented by RAKMA stimulus–response and hyperactivity variables. We compared the RAKMA performance of those with ADHD and with that of HCs and also investigated the correlation between the RAKMA variables and ADHD clinical scale scores.
Results:
Significant differences between the ADHD and HC groups were observed regarding most RAKMA variables, including correct reactions, commission errors, omission errors, reaction times, migration distance, and migration speed scores. Significant correlations were detected between various ADHD clinical scale scores and RAKMA variables.
Conclusion
The RAKMA was a clinically useful tool for objectively measuring hyperactivity symptoms in children with ADHD. Further studies with larger samples are warranted.
4.A Novel Robot-Assisted Kinematic Measure for Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Preliminary Study
Aran MIN ; Johanna Inhyang KIM ; Hak Jong NOH ; Moon Sang KIM ; Hyo-Shin LEE ; Mun-Taek CHOI ; Kyuha LEE ; Jun-Ho SEO ; Ga Hyun LEE ; Seong-kyu KANG ; Dong Hyun AHN
Psychiatry Investigation 2021;18(7):645-651
Objective:
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. In contrast to neurocognitive measurements of inattention and impulsivity, there has been limited research regarding the objective measurement of hyperactivity in youths with ADHD. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the clinical effectiveness of a newly developed Robot-assisted Kinematic Measure for ADHD (RAKMA) in children with ADHD.
Methods:
In total, 35 children with ADHD aged 5 to 12 years and 50 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited, and the parents completed the Child Behavior Checklist and the Korean ADHD Diagnostic Scale. RAKMA performance was represented by RAKMA stimulus–response and hyperactivity variables. We compared the RAKMA performance of those with ADHD and with that of HCs and also investigated the correlation between the RAKMA variables and ADHD clinical scale scores.
Results:
Significant differences between the ADHD and HC groups were observed regarding most RAKMA variables, including correct reactions, commission errors, omission errors, reaction times, migration distance, and migration speed scores. Significant correlations were detected between various ADHD clinical scale scores and RAKMA variables.
Conclusion
The RAKMA was a clinically useful tool for objectively measuring hyperactivity symptoms in children with ADHD. Further studies with larger samples are warranted.
5.Clinical Characteristics and Current Managements for Patients with Chronic Subdural Hematoma : A Retrospective Multicenter Pilot Study in the Republic of Korea
Hyuk-Jin OH ; Youngbeom SEO ; Yoon-Hee CHOO ; Young Il KIM ; Kyung Hwan KIM ; Sae Min KWON ; Min Ho LEE ; Kyuha CHONG
Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society 2022;65(2):255-268
Objective:
: Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is a common disease in neurosurgical departments, but optimal perioperative management guidelines have not yet been established. We aimed to assess the current clinical management and outcomes for CSDH patients and identify prognostic factors for CSDH recurrence.
Methods:
: We enrolled a total of 293 consecutive patients with CSDH who underwent burr hole craniostomy at seven institutions in 2018. Clinical and surgery-related characteristics and surgical outcomes were analyzed. The cohort included 208 men and 85 women.
Results:
: The median patient age was 75 years. Antithrombotic agents were prescribed to 105 patients. History of head trauma was identified in 59% of patients. Two hundred twenty-seven of 293 patients (77.5%) had unilateral hematoma and 46.1% had a homogenous hematoma type. About 70% of patients underwent surgery under general anesthesia, and 74.7% underwent a single burr hole craniostomy surgery. Recurrence requiring surgery was observed in 17 of 293 patients (5.8%), with a median of 32 days to recurrence. The postoperative complication rate was 4.1%. In multivariate analysis, factors associated with CSDH recurrence were separated hematoma type (odds ratio, 3.906; p=0.017) and patient who underwent surgery under general anesthesia had less recurrence (odds ratio, 0.277; p=0.017).
Conclusion
: This is the first retrospective multicenter generalized cohort pilot study in the Republic of Korea as a first step towards the development of Korean clinical practice guidelines for CSDH. The type of hematoma and anesthesia was associated with CSDH recurrence. Although the detailed surgical method differs depending on the institution, the surgical treatment of CSDH was effective. Further studies may establish appropriate management guidelines to minimize CSDH recurrence.
6.A Radiological Assessment of Chronic Subdural Hematomas
Sae Min KWON ; Min Ho LEE ; Youngbeom SEO ; Young Il KIM ; Hyuk-Jin OH ; Kyung Hwan KIM ; Kyu-Sun CHOI ; Kyuha CHONG
Korean Journal of Neurotrauma 2022;18(1):12-21
Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH), which generally occurs in elderly patients, is a frequently diagnosed condition in neurosurgical departments. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are the most preferred diagnostic modalities for CSDH assessment. With early diagnosis and adequate management, CSDH may show favorable prognosis in majority of the patients; however, recurrence after surgery can occur in a significant number of patients. The recently increasing number of CSDH studies could reveal the prognostic factors affecting CSDH recurrence. Particularly, radiological characteristics regarding the internal architecture of CSDH are considered closely associated with recurrence in surgically treated CSDH patients. In this literature review, we evaluated the various diagnostic modalities of CSDH and its radiological characteristics on CT and MRI. Furthermore, we summarized the prognostic factors of recurrence for the hematoma type based on the radiological findings.
7.Neurotrauma Clinical Practice Guidelines Committee of the Korean Neurotraumatology Society: A Review of a Group That Writes and Inherits the Thoughts and Will of the Society
Hyuk-Jin OH ; Kyung Hwan KIM ; Young Il KIM ; Youngbeom SEO ; Kyu-Sun CHOI ; Min Ho LEE ; Sae Min KWON ; Kyuha CHONG
Korean Journal of Neurotrauma 2022;18(1):3-11
The Neurotrauma Clinical Practice Guidelines Committee of the Korean Neurotraumatology Society (KNTS-NCPGC) is developing clinical guidelines for neurotrauma in line with the capabilities of the Korean Neurotraumatology Society, which is leading pioneering development in the field of neurosurgery. From the mid-1990s, the KNTS-NCPGC has been working to develop guidelines and disseminate evidence-based medicine, including the development of Korean guidelines for the management of severe head injuries and active participation in the Clinical Practice Guidelines Committee of the Korean Academy of Medical Sciences. The KNTS-NCPGC strives to write and inherit the will of the society through the development of clinical practice guidelines, which are one of the outcomes representing professionalism and public interest and can be expressed in terms of “trust” and “best.” In this review, the history and achievements of KNTS-NCPGC, the status of the ongoing development of guidelines, and the perspectives of the committee are covered.