Tissue transplantation is a modern medical technology which develops rapidly and raises many ethical, legal, and political issues. In Korea, many tissue transplantations are performed and many tissue banks seem to be managed. However, there are no legal regulations and standards which control these behaviors. When we discuss tissue transplantations and tissue banking, the safety of tissues, the respect for donors' autonomy, the proper operation of the tissue bank, and the fair distribution of the tissues must be taken into account. And the autonomic regulation by medical professionals must be considered. An Act that controls tissue transplantation and tissue banking must be established, and must be enforced. The Act must be in harmony with the autonomic regulation by medical professionals. The practices that may pose severe risk to human body or threat to human life must be banned, and persons who perform this kind of practices must be punished. However, if the practices remain within the acceptable range, medical professionals can do their practices legally.
Human Body ; Humans ; Korea ; Social Control, Formal ; Tissue Banks* ; Tissue Transplantation ; Transplants

The systolic time intervals and hemodynamics were measured in 10 cases of acute anemia and 28 cases of chronic anemia. The measurment was done by non invasive technique, i.e., simultaneous recording of ECG, PCG and carotid and femoral pulse tracing with paper speed 100mm/sec. Compared with healthy persons chronic anemia showed significant reduction of the systolic time intervals except QS1, but the systolic time intervals were unaltered when they were corrected by pulse rate, diastolic pressure and stroke volume. Acute anemia showed decreased of the systolic time intervals except QS1 also the decrease of isovolumic contraction time(ICT) and QS2 when corrected as above. The preejection period(PEP)/left ventricular ejection time(LVET) ratio were not altered. ICT, PEP and PEP/LVET ratio decreased in proportion to the levels of hemoglobin. The heart rate, stroke volume and cardiac output showed significant increase in chronic anemia but mild incease in acute one. The decrease of diastolic pressures and peripheral resistances were more pronounced in chronic anemia than in acute one.
Anemia* ; Blood Pressure ; Cardiac Output ; Electrocardiography ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics* ; Humans ; Stroke Volume ; Systole*

No abstract available.
Drainage* ; Lung Abscess* ; Lung* ; Pneumothorax* ; Suppuration*

BACKGROUND: A fully automated enzyme-immunoassay (EIA) analyzer, Enzymun System, ES-300 (Boehringer Mannheim, Germany) uses streptavidin technology and performs single test or panels of up to 12 tests per run. We evaluated the results of ES-300 for anti-HCV by comparing the results with microplate-EIA, radioimmunoassay (RIA), and confirmatory test. METHODS: Total 79 sera (51 positive, 24 negative, 4 indeterminate results confirmed by Lucky HCD Confirm) were analysed. ES-300 with Enzymun-Test(R) Anti-HCV (Boehringer Mannheim, Germany) and microplate-EIA (Green Cross Center Innotest HCV 3.0(R)) were used. Fifty one sera were examined additionally by 2nd-generation RIA method, NANBDINE 125C(General Biologicals Corp., R.O.C.). And all results were compared to the results of Lucky HCD Confirm. RESULTS: The overall concordance rate of ES-300 and Innotest(R) was 72/79 (91.1%). The results of Lucky HCD Confirm on seven discrepant samples were five negative and two indeterminate. The results of ES-300 and NANBDINE 125C showed concordance rate of 90.2%. The sensitivity and specificity of ES-300 with regard to Lucky HCD Confirm were 94.5%, and 87.5%, respectively, and that of Innotest(R) were 98.2% and 66.7%, respectively. Clear distinction of positive and negative results by signal/cut off ratio was available in both EIAs. The positive predictive values of ES-300 and Innotest(R) were 94.5%, and 87.1%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: ES-300 showed relatively good results in sensitivity and positive predictive value with regard to confirmatory test. In EIA-positive persons, however, follow-up study would be necessary for reliable evaluation of HCV infection.
Humans ; Radioimmunoassay ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Streptavidin

No abstract available.
Humans ; Stenotrophomonas maltophilia*

Bilateral coronary artery fistula is very uncommon congenital anomaly which occupy small percentage of all congenital coronary artery fistula. About 20% of the cases associated with additional congenital heart disease. And it may cause congestive heart failure, especially severely in neonate. We experienced a case of neonate who was 1 day-old-male with bilateral coronary artery-right ventricular fistula associated with atrial septal defect and congestive heart failure. The Patient was admitted because dyspnea, cyanosis since birth. 2D ecgicardiogram and cardiac catheterization revealed that a fistulous communicating ; forming a large aneurysm, was noted from bilateral coronary artery emptied into the right ventricle, and there was oxygen step-up in right ventricle.
Aneurysm ; Cardiac Catheterization ; Cardiac Catheters ; Coronary Vessels ; Cyanosis ; Dyspnea ; Fistula* ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Heart Failure ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial* ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Oxygen ; Parturition

The congenital diverticulum of ventricle is a rare cardiac malformation arising from the left or right ventricle, the former being more common. Ventricular diverticulum is usually associated with other anomalies including intracardiac, midline thoracic, diaphragmatic and abdominal wall defect. The authors experienced a case of congenital diverticulum of left ventricle in nine month-old female infant. Left Blolock-Taussig shunt operation was done and total correction will be done later. Thereafter we presented a case with brief review of the related literatures.
Abdominal Wall ; Diverticulum* ; Female ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans ; Infant ; Pulmonary Atresia*

No abstract available.
Kidney* ; Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive*

Multiple cerebral aneurysms in children are rare lesions, occurring at a frequency of approximately 0.5% to 4.6%. In children, infective endocarditis from congenital or rheumatic heart disease are the important causes of cerebral mycotic aneurysms. Subarachnoid hemorrhage, most commonly caused by the rupture of an intracranial anurysm is associated with mortality and morbidity. We reported a case of multiple cerebral aneurysms in a 7 year old child with ventricular septal defect (VSD) in operation of the two times performed under general anesthesia. He was scheduled for elective surgery for clipping of cerebral aneurysm in ASA physical status II. For premedication, he was administered triflupromazine 10 mg (Veprin ) and glycopyrrolate 0.1 mg IM 1 hour prior to induction. Induction was established with thiopental, vecuronium after preoxygenation. N2O/O2 (2 L/min:2 L/min), isoflurane and vecuronium were administered for maintenance. For monitoring, ECG, direct arterial pressure, CVP, ETCO2 were performed. In second operation, we were performed the general anesthesia the same as the first operation. He had discharged in coma state on 4 day after the second operation hopelessly.
Anesthesia* ; Anesthesia, General ; Aneurysm, Infected ; Arterial Pressure ; Child* ; Coma ; Electrocardiography ; Endocarditis ; Glycopyrrolate ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular* ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm* ; Isoflurane ; Mortality ; Premedication ; Rheumatic Heart Disease ; Rupture ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ; Thiopental ; Triflupromazine ; Vecuronium Bromide

BACKGROUND: It has been a standard practice in many institutions to combine light general anesthesia with epidural block for abdominal and pelvic surgery. We attempted to prove the effectiveness of prehydration and to find an suitable epidural local anesthetic dose in terms of hemodynamic stability for upper abdominal surgery. METHODS: For preliminary studies, 11 patients scheduled for elective upper abdominal surgery had received general anesthesia immediately after epidural anesthesia. After epidural injection of 10~16 mL of 2% plain lidocaine into the T9~10 intervertebral space, the changes in blood pressure were observed. Thirty-two patients scheduled for elective upper abdominal surgery were divided into two groups. In group A (study group), after prehydration with Hartmann solution (10 mL/kg), 5~7 mL of 2% plain lidocaine was injected into T8~9 or T9~10 intervertebral space and general anesthesia was then induced. Group B (control group) received general anesthesia only. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in hemodynamics between the epidural with general anesthesia and the control group except SVR (systemic vascular resistance). SVR in group A increased in contrast to the group B in which it remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: The combined epidural and general anesthesia, using prehydration and 0.5~1 mL/segment of 2% plain lidocaine at the T8~9 or T9~10 intervertebral space was safe without significant hemodynamic changes.
Anesthesia, Epidural ; Anesthesia, General* ; Blood Pressure ; Hemodynamics* ; Humans ; Injections, Epidural ; Lidocaine