To knew the prevalence and nature of asymptomatic microscopic hematuria in a community. we evaluated 13,678 cases(M; 12.198 cases, F; 1,480 cases) that visited to the Department of Health Service. Kang Nam General Hospital from April to October, 1992 for annual physical examination. For the detection of hematuria urine dipstick test was done. and then urine microscopy was done in cases with positive dipstick test (262 cases). Hematuria was defined as 3 or more RBCs/HPF on microscopic examination of the urinary sediment(189 cases). Repeated urinalysis was done in cases with 3-4 RBCs/HPF (30 cases). And in cases with 5 or more RBCs/HPF on urine microscopy, excretory urography(105 cases) was primarily checked and in addition, renal ultrasonography. cystoscopy. RGP. urine culture. urine cytology. serum IgA, C3. C4 were performed for investigation ofThe results were as follows: I. Prevalence of asymptomatic microscopic hematuria was 1.38% and significantly increased with age (p<0.01). 2. Urologic abnormalities associated with hematuria were identified in 23 cases (21.9 %)-6 cases of renal stone. 4 cases of BPH. 4 cases of UPJ stricture, 3 cases or cystitis, 2 cases of ureteral stone. 1 case or ureteral stricture. nephroptosis. renal cyst. renal tuberculosis. S. In 82 cases, urologic abnormalities could not be found and then serum IgA. C3 C4 checked in 36 cases among these. IgA was increased in 21 cases (58.3%). From the above result. the causes of asymptomatic microscopic hematuria in adults could not be found in 78.1% and serious urologic diseases tumor and so on) were almost not found. We conclude that in order to obtain the detection of accurate prevalence and various urologic diseases. repeatedurine dipstick test and long-term followup in larger populations would be needed, and that screening test for the evaluation of hematuria would consist of performing excretory urography only in relative young adults and excretory urography with selective urine cytology after age 50 years.
Adult* ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Cystitis ; Cystoscopy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Health Services ; Hematuria* ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin A ; Mass Screening ; Microscopy ; Physical Examination ; Prevalence* ; Tuberculosis, Renal ; Ultrasonography ; Ureter ; Urinalysis ; Urography ; Urologic Diseases ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis) is a well known cause of non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU). No other microorganism has been shown to cause any larger proportion of the remaining NGU cases. As a possible causative organism of NGU, we wanted to evaluate the detection rate of Mycoplasma genitalium (M. genitalium) and its role in NGU using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). MATERIALS AND METHDS: From June 1998 to July 2000, we examined a total of 116 men. Of these men 70 had symptoms and signs compatible with urethritis and 46 were for normal control. In the patient group, two urethral discharge or swab specimens were collected. One was used for Gram stain to detect Gram negative intracellular diplocci. The other was subjected to PCR for C. trachomatis and M. genitalium. In the control group, urethral swab specimen was used to detect C. trachomatis and M. genitalium by PCR based assay. RESULTS: Gonococcal urethritis (GU) was diagnosed in 14 cases (20.0%). Detection rates of M. genitalium and C. trachomatis in urethritis group were 8.6% (6/70), 18.6% (13/70). M. genitalium and C. trachomatis were detected in 7.1% (1/14), 14.3% (2/14) of GU and 8.9% (5/56), 19.6% (11/56) of NGU. Detection rate of M. genitalium in chlamydia-negative NGU was 11.1% (5/45). No patient positive for M. genitalium had a simultaneous chlamydia infection. In control group with no urethral symptom or sign, M. genitalium and C. trachomatis were not detected at all. Compared with chlamydia- positive NGU, M. genitalium-positive urethritis exhibited higher recurrence rate. CONCLUSIONS: M. genitalium was detected in 8.9% of NGU and 11.1% of non-chlamydia NGU. This study suggests that M. genitalium may be one of the causative organisms in NGU. Further studies will be necessary to define its role in NGU.
Chlamydia Infections ; Chlamydia trachomatis ; Humans ; Male ; Mycoplasma genitalium* ; Mycoplasma* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Recurrence ; Urethritis*

No abstract available.
Thorax* ; Ventilators, Mechanical*

Serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) and prostate acid phosphatase (PAP) were measured in 106 patients including 9 patients with prostate cancer, 63 patients with BPH. and 34 normal control group free of prostate disorders. The mean PSA value was 61.14+/-43.87 ng/ml for prostate cancer, 6.07+/-5.57 ng/ml for BPH and 1.42+/-0.98 ng/ml for normal control group, and the mean PAP value was 9.81+/-10.16 ng/ml for prostate cancer, 1.58+/-2.36ng/ml for BPH and 1.00+/-0.17 ng/ml for normal control group. The positive rates of PSA were 78% for prostate cancer, 22% for BPH and 0% for normal control group, and those of PAP were 67% for prostate cancer, 6% for BPH and 0% for normal control group. The sensitivity and specificity for PSA were 78%, respectively. We conclude that PSA may be a useful tool for detection and therapeutic monitoring of the prostatic cancer.
Acid Phosphatase ; Adenocarcinoma* ; Humans ; Prostate* ; Prostate-Specific Antigen* ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Sensitivity and Specificity

True hermaphroditism is characterized by the coexistence of testicular and ovarian tissue. Authors experienced a case of true hermaphroditism which was confirmed an ovary in the left abdomen and testis in the right scrotum with a karyotype of 46, XX,47, XXY and report this case with the brief review of literatures.
Abdomen ; Female ; Karyotype* ; Ovary ; Ovotesticular Disorders of Sex Development* ; Scrotum ; Testis

PURPOSE: Citrate is a well recognized inhibitor of the formation of calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate stones. Hypocitraturia is a common etiology of recurrent calcium nephrolithiasis, with an incidence of 19 to 63%. Potassium citrate therapy can be a useful therapeutic approach for the management of calcium nephrolithiasis. But pharmacological treatment of hypocitraturic calcium nephrolithiasis requires taking too many tablets, or numerous crystal package or liquid supplements throughout the day. This cumbersome regimen often decreases patient compliance. We administered dietary citrate via lemon juice to stone former and evaluated the change of citrate levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The prospective study included 7 women and 8 men with documented recurrent or multiple urinary stone disease. None of the subjects suffered from renal impairment, urinary tract infection and other metabolic disorder. Controls comprised 6 voluntary men. They had no previous stone history and no evidence of stone. Patients ingested total 1 liter of lemon juice(containing 4.0gm/L.citrate) divided at 6 hours interval without strict diet restriction. Urine specimens were obtained for urinary citrate levels after 2-3days of lemon juice therapy and compared to pre-lemon juice baseline values. RESULTS: All 15 patient showed increased urinary citrate levels during lemon juice therapy. Average urinary citrate levels increased from 146+/-109mg/day at baseline to 453+/-226mg/day during treatment(p<0.05). Urinary citrate levels during treatment increased up to those of control group(351+/-265mg/day) and did not show significant difference (p>0.05). Urinary pH increased from 5.9+/-0.4 at baseline to 6.8+/-0.6 during treatment(p<0.05). No patient complained of gastrointestinal discomforts. CONCLUSIONS: Citrate supplementation with lemon juice increased urinary citrate levels and urinary pH. Lemon juice is well tolerated dietary source of citrate and would be beneficial in the control of calcium urolithiasis.
Calcium ; Calcium Oxalate ; Citric Acid* ; Diet ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Incidence ; Male ; Nephrolithiasis ; Patient Compliance ; Potassium Citrate ; Prospective Studies ; Tablets ; Urinary Calculi ; Urinary Tract Infections ; Urolithiasis*

Urolithiasis is one of the most common urologic disease encountered in the emergency room and nearly all are associated with gross or microscopic hematuria, but sometimes without any evidence of blood in the urine. We retrospectively reviewed 149 patients who underwent intravenous urogram (IVU) among 226 patients who presented with flank pain to the Kang Nam General Hospital emergency department from January 1995 to June 1996. We then investigated the incidence and characteristics of negative hematuria (<3RBC/HPF) in patients with urinary tract stone diagnosed by IVU. 133 patients (89.3%) among the 149 patients were diagnosed as urinary stone, and the stone predictability based on hematuria positive and negative result of urinalysis was 89.8% (123/137) and 83.3% (10/12), respectively. Among the 133 urinary stone patients, 123 (92.5%) patients had positive urinalysis and 10 (7.5%) patients had negative urinalysis. The incidence of negative hematuria based on urinalysis alone was 7.5%. They were consisted of KUB positive in 10 cases (100%), upper and lower tract stone in 3 and 7 cases respectively, 5mm in average size of the stone, and severe obstruction in 8 cases (80%). The incidence of negative hematuria based on the combination of urinalysis and urine dip-stick test (UDT) was 5.3%. No statistically significant differences were observed in clinical factors of stone history, duration of pain, positive KUB, stone size and negative UDT result between negative and positive hematuria group. But we found a statistically significant difference in clinical factor of severe obstruction. The overall incidence of negative hematuria in patients with urinary stone presenting to the emergency room was relatively low (7.5% in urinalysis only, 5.3% combined with UDT), but hematuria negative group showed more significant severe obstruction rates than positive hematuria group. Moreover, there was no significant difference in stone predictability between two groups. Therefore, in patients with flank pain and hematuria negative at emergency room, IVU should carefully be proceeded by physician.
Emergencies* ; Emergency Service, Hospital* ; Flank Pain ; Hematuria* ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Incidence* ; Retrospective Studies ; Urinalysis ; Urinary Calculi* ; Urolithiasis ; Urologic Diseases

Between January 1990 and March 1991, intraprostatic spiral was inserted with the use of local or spinal anesthesia via the traditional endoscopic technique in 16 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia who had repeated urinary retention(12 patients, A group) and who had long term indwelling bladder catheter( 4 patient. B group) due to high operative risk. During 3 to 15 months of follow up after insertion, 11 patients(91.6%) of A group and 2 patient of B group showed free voiding without significant postvoid residual urine in all. Especially 7 patient of A group and 1 patient of B group showed satisfactory voiding with mean flow rate of more than 10ml/sec. our result suggest that in case of high operative risk, intraprostatic spiral is a favorable alternative to and indwelling catheter in patients with repeated urinary retention although less satisfactory results were obtained in those with long term indwelling catheter.
Anesthesia, Spinal ; Catheters, Indwelling ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Prostatic Hyperplasia* ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Retention

Renal bacterial infection spans a continuum of severity from uncomplicated acute pyelonephritis through progressively worsening stages of interstitial inflammation to abscess formation. This study was done to evaluate CT findings in acute bacterial renal infection and correlation of clinical symptoms and renal scarring with CT findings. We studied 58 cases of acute pyelonephritis who were diagnosed clinically. Most of them had prolonged fever( >72 hours) and some of them suspected severe renal infections. We classified the patients regarding to CT findings. 58 cases were grouped into, 1) Group I (7 cases), normal or renal enlargement only; 2) Group II(31 cases), wedge-shaped lesions ( focal or diffuse) , 3) Group III(6 cases), focal mass-like lesions; 4) Group W(9 cases) , diffuse ( multifocal) mass-like lesions; 5) Group V (5 cases) , renal abscesses. There was the good correlation between the clinical parameters ( duration of fever, duration of hospitalization) and CT findings (P < 0.05). However, another clinical parameters(maximum temperature, duration of fever) were lacked correlation with CT findings(P >0.05). To demonstrate the presence of renal scar, we recommended DMSA scan in 15 cases of ABN (Group III and Group IV). 8 cases were performed DMSA scan and renal scar formation was found in 3 cases( 2 cases in Group III and another 1 case in Group IV). Because the size of abscess was small( <3cm), the patients of renal abscess(5 cases) were treated with antibiotics only and their clinical symptoms were improved. Second CT scanning was performed in 3 cases and their CT findings showed resolution of renal abscess. We concluded that computed tomography is selectively indicated in acute renal bacterial infection for the detection of acute renal inflammatory disease and for defining the extent of disease for planning of treatment.
Abscess ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacterial Infections ; Cicatrix ; Fever ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Pyelonephritis ; Succimer ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Between August 1993 and Apri1 1994, intrarenal arterial color duplex Doppler sonography was performed on 55 patients(110 kidneys) with acute ureteral obstruction and 12 patients(24 kidneys) with painless ureteral obstruction by unilateral ureteral stones to assess renal hemodynamic changes and its clinical applications. The mean resistive index(RI) of the doppler waveforms obtained on the acutely obstructed 55 kidneys(0.663+/-0.055) was significantly higher than that of the contralateral normal kidneys (0.613+/-0.052) (P<0.05). We found no RI difference between the contralateral normal 55 kidneys(mean: 0.613+/-0.052) in patients with acute ureteral obstruction and the painless obstructed 12 kidneys(mean: 0.595+/-0.029). In the acutely obstructed 55 kidneys, the mean RI of the upper pole(0.674+/-0.054) was significantly higher than that of the mid portion(0.661+/-0.064) or the lower pole(0.654+/-0.065,r<0.05). No difference of the RI was found between the hydronephrotic 31 kidneys(mean: 0.671+/-0.063) and nonhydronephrotic 24 kidneys(mean: 0.65+/-0.041) in the acutely obstructed 55 kidneys(P>0.05). There was no correlation between the levels of ureteral obstruction and intrarenal RI values(P>0.05). The RIs of 3 significantly obstructed kidneys decreased after relief of obstruction. We conclude that the RI is easily obtained and measured, and it would provide important physiological informations on renal vascular impedance in acute ureteral obstruction. Renal doppler findings could be the one of the criteria for assessing the upper urinary tract obstruction.
Electric Impedance ; Hemodynamics* ; Humans ; Kidney ; Ultrasonography, Doppler ; Ureter* ; Ureteral Obstruction* ; Urinary Tract