No abstract available.
Arthroplasty ; Femoral Fractures ; Hip

No abstract available.
Drug Therapy* ; Liver* ; Plasma*

Leprosy is an infectious dis as in which the immune machanism, in addition to the bacillus, plays an important role in Pathogenesis. As leprosy has two polar types, one of which is characterized by well preserved cellular immunity with a good prognosis and the other which shows no cellular immunity and a poor prognosis, it has been considercd the best human model for immunologic research. By studying the differences between these two typs, insights into immune deficiecies might well lead to the improved treatment of leproatous leproy(i.e.no cellular immunity) patients. Therefore, some immuno-theraputic trials for leprosy patients have already been reported by somc authors. In an attempt to survey spcific as well as nonspecific cellular immunity in leprosy, the authors prformed the lepromin and tuberculin skin tests with DNCB active cutanous sensitization on 203 leprosy patients in residence at the national leprosarium of Korea. All groups of Ieprosy patients showed decreased skin reactivity to the three tests, compared with normal, healthy control groups(p<0.01). This phenomenon is probably due to disorganization of lymphnode architecture and antigenic competition. Although a, statiscally significant difference could not be found in the tubercuIin and DNCB sensitization test results among all groups, the tuberculoid leprosy group and the arrested leprosy group showed stronger reactivity than the non-tuberculoid leprosy group. Patients positive for DNCB sensitization showed more positivity to the tuberculin test (66%)than to the lepromin test (30%) (p<0.01), thus suggesting that nonsp cific CMI and specific CMI exerted diffenent effects. Patients positive for DNCB sensitization also showed a greater probability (77%) to be responsive to either of the other two delayed cutanous hyperssensitivity tests than not. Leprosy patients in the third or fourth decade of life showed 63-66% positivity to DNCB active sensitization, while those in the six or seventh decad showed a positivity of 18-28%. These points toward significant correlation batween age and immun status. (p<0.01). The spontansous flare up during DNCB sensitization most frequently occurred on the 10th to 12th day of senitization: positive reaction after chalenge was most frequent in 72 hrs. after the test but some ractions were seen as late as five days after th. test. Two patiants of whole blood and its equivalent of leukocyte-rich plasme were irfused into 10 patients who had shown negative reaction to al! three tests. Conversion of delayed cutaneous hyprs:nsitivity among then was as follows; Four in tuberculin test (3 cases of which were strengthenings of preexisting ractivity). 2 in lepromin test, and 4 m DNCB sensitization. Of th 6 patients who showed a conversion in any one of the delayed cutaneous hypcrsensitivity evaluation tests, 4 showed conversion in more than two tests Of the 10 patients, who receivcd the transfusions (whole blood or lecocyte-rich plasma), 5 cases showed a high fever for 2 days afterrvards. The authors regard histocytotoxicity, incompatible histocompatibility, or perhaps simply a transfusion reaction as the underlying cause of this febrile reaction. One patient developed probably a phobia type psychosis following the blood transfusion and was subseuetly dropped from this study. Two months of observation following the transfusion revealed no definite clinical improvement.
Bacillus ; Blood Group Incompatibility ; Blood Transfusion ; Dinitrochlorobenzene ; Fever ; Histocompatibility ; Humans ; Immunity, Cellular* ; Korea ; Lepromin ; Leprosy* ; Leprosy, Tuberculoid ; Phobic Disorders ; Prognosis ; Psychotic Disorders ; Skin ; Skin Tests ; Tuberculin ; Tuberculin Test

Concomitant with progressive rise in incidence of loosening of conventional total hip replacement arthroplasty which is mainly due to improper surgical technique and cement fixation, has been increased the incidence of revision. In addition to technical failure, there are many risk factors that effect the loosening, such as young active person, obesity, men, osteopomsis, those with bone stock deficiencies as congenital dysplasia of the hip, and those with previous hemiarthroplasties, etc.. Many experimental and clinical studies have been tried to decrease the incidence of loosening in conventional total hip replacement arthroplasty. One of these trials is the cementless total hip replacement arthroplasty with its simplicity of the surgical procedure. We have experienced 426 hips of the total hip replacement arthmplasty in 396 patients from January 1973 to December 1982, among whom 21 hips in 20 patients who had been undertaken revisional arthroplasty were followed up. The longest follow-up was 7 years and 3 months and the shortest was 2 years, the average being 2 years and 4 months. 1. Ankylosis of the hip and sequeale of the infected hip were most common in primary diseases of our revision cases. 2. Revision with cementless total hip replacement arthroplasty of a loosened conventional total hip replacement arthroplasty appears to be available as an effective alternative. 3. Initial attempt with cementlass total hip replacement arthroplasty to prevent loosening after conventional total hip replacement arthroplasty seems to be preferable for patients with ankylosis of the hip or sequeale of the infected hip, especially who are active and young.
Ankylosis ; Arthroplasty ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemiarthroplasty ; Hip ; Hip Dislocation, Congenital ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Obesity ; Risk Factors

PURPOSE: Prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart disease has been made by fetal echocardiography and its clinical impact on the outcome of CHD cases has been analysed. METHODS: A prospective study was performed for the fetal diagnosis of CHD for the standard risk pregnancy, confirmed postnatally or at second study and/or at autopsy and/or follow up at CHA hospital in 2001. Incidence of CHD has been calculated and compared to the incidence of CHD of the prescreening period(1992.3-1995.2). RESULTS: There were 66 cases of CHD prenatally during the study period. CHD consisted of 7 cases of ventricular septal defects(VSD), 7 cases of tetralogy of Fallot(TOF), 5 cases of heterotaxy, 5 cases of double outlet right ventricle(DORV), 5 cases of severe pulmonary stenosis(PS), 3 cases of hypoplastic left heart syndrome(HLHS), 3 cases of coarctation, 3 cases of critical aortic stenosis(AS), 3 cases of pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum(PA IVS). Among 66 fetal CHD cases, 30 cases of CHD has been terminated, 1 case died in utero and 23 cases has been delivered at cardiac center through planned delivery. The most common factors of termination were extracardiac and chromosomal anomaly. 17 cases of false negative diagnosis were small VSD and mild PS that couldn't be diagnosed in fetal stage. There was no false positive diagnosis. There were 30 cases of CHDs born in 2001 at CHA hospital. 28 cases were diagnosed postnatally. Among 30 cases of CHDs, there were 18 cases of VSD(17 small VSD), 6 cases of mild PS, 4 ASD, 1 PDA. Incidence rate of CHD in 2001 and period 1992.3-1995.2 were 5.95 and 10.15/1,000 livebirth respectively. CONCLUSION: The data suggested that all of the significant CHDs could be diagnosed prenatally accurately by fetal echocardiography. And the incidence rate of CHD has been decreased by 41.4%. And the most of the complex CHD has been transferred to the cardiac center for planned delivery or has been terminated. The rate of termination was 45.5%.
Autopsy ; Diagnosis* ; Echocardiography* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Heart ; Heart Defects, Congenital* ; Incidence ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; Prospective Studies ; Pulmonary Atresia

We immunized sixty two healthy subjects with the five different viral titers (300, 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 plaque forming unit; pfu) of the MAV/06 strain of live attenuated Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) in order to gain sufficient information on safety and immuogenicity as a vaccine strain. Humoral immunity of all vaccine recipients was tested by the fluorescent antibody to membrane antigen (FAMA) assay and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the quantitative detection of IgG antibody. We tested neutralized antibody in 62 subjects by plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT50). All of thirty two subjects with initial seronegative response had antibody by FAMA method at four weeks after immunization with four different preparations of dosage. The geometric mean titers (GMTs) of VZV antibody to membrane antigen was 160.9 in 6 subjects with 1500 pfu group; 83.3 in 14 subjects with 1000 pfu group: 116.2 in 7 subjects with 500 pfu groups and 72.0 in 6 subjects with 300 pfu group. Thirty subjects who had VZV antibody at the time before immunization demonstrated elevated antibody titer by FAMA assay and PRNT50 test. Side reactions of the vaccination was not demonstrated in all cases.
Chickenpox* ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Herpesvirus 3, Human ; Immunity, Humoral ; Immunization ; Immunoglobulin G ; Membranes ; Neutralization Tests ; Vaccination

No abstract available.
Myasthenia Gravis* ; Pregnancy*

Among the fifty-three clinical isolates of Haemophilus influenzae, nineteen isolates including eight isolates of each biotype I-VIII, six of serotype b (Hib) strains and five of nontypeable strains were characterized by SDS-PAGE about outer membrane protein (OMP), restriction enzyme analysis (REA) and rRNA gene restriction pattems. OMP patterns showed to common band patterns in each H. influenzae isolate. Based on the two major proteins, 31KDa-38KDa, isolated strains were classified into 7 subtypes. In the OMP patterns about biotype and serotype, the specific pattern of each biotype was not distinguishable, but all of the serotype b strains were shown identical unique pattern, therefore it made distinctive difference with nontypeable strains. The digested genomic DNAs with EcoRI were identical result with rRNA gene restriction. It was more subdivided into 10 ribotypes. The most common ribotype I and serotype 1 accounted for 6 strains (31.6%) and 7 strains (36.8%) of the 19 clinical isolates, respectively. Hib isolates that were both OMP subtype 1 and ribotype I accounted for 2 strains (10.5%). In the epidemiologically unrelated strains, the putative association between the subtypes could not be confirmed. According to these results, the three methods were discriminatory and appropriate techniques for epidemiological studies of H. influenzae.
DNA ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel* ; Genes, rRNA* ; Haemophilus influenzae type b ; Haemophilus influenzae* ; Haemophilus* ; Influenza, Human ; Membrane Proteins ; Restriction Mapping* ; Ribotyping

PURPOSE: To assess the role of MRI in the diagnosis of uterine anomaly. MATERIAL AND METHODS: MRI(n:15), hysterosalpingography(n:7) and ultrasonography(n:7) were performed in 15 patients with suspected MullerJan duct anomaly. Nine cases were proved by operation and six cases were diagnoed with imaging and clinical findings. According to Buttram and Gibbons modified classification, the anomalies were 4 cases of class I, 2 cases of class III, one case of class IV, and 8 cases of class V. RESULTS: MRI enabled accurate diagnoses of anomalies in all cases, but HSG and USG showed wrong diagnoses in 3 of 7 cases and in 1 of 7 cases. CONCLUSION: MRI, especially T2-weighted images parallel to long axis of uterine corpus, was very useful in diagnosis of the Mullerian duct anomaly, because it could depict exactly the external fundal contour, intercornual distance, septum, transverse vaginal septum, and associated abnormalities such as hematocolpos and hematometra.
Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Classification ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Hematocolpos ; Hematometra ; Humans ; Hylobates ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging*

Lead is one of the most widespread environmental toxins and its poisoning in children was considered a rarity, usually resulting from unique circumstances such as inappropriate use of leadbased body cosmetics or direct administration of lead-containing folk medicines. The increasing concern about children with lower levels of lead exposure has developed, but there are no data regarding the mean blood lead levels and the incidence of symptomatic or asymptomatic lead poisoning in Korean children. We analyzed the zinc protoporphyrine (ZPP) values and blood lead concentrations in 163 pediatric inpatients for a prospective study of lead exposure. The blood lead concentrations in all 163 children were 15~54 g/dl, of whom 111 children (68.1%) were 25~54 g/dl which needs decision to chelate based on the EDTA provocation test. Among 111 children whose blood lead concentrations are 25~54 g/dl, 59 children(53.2%) were between 7 months and 3 years of age, which revealed no significant higher incidence of lead exposure than any other age group. The ZPP values in 126 children (77.3%) were above 35 g/dl. The mean blood lead concentration and ZPP values are 27.8 g/dl and 48.8 g/dl, respectively. We conclude that there are many asymptomatic children with increased absorption of lead in the urban area of Korea, and we need further studies regarding lead poisoning. It is important that there must be a national counterplan and that pediatricians continue to pay attention to lead posioning in children.
Absorption ; Child ; Edetic Acid ; Humans ; Incidence ; Inpatients* ; Korea ; Lead Poisoning ; Poisoning ; Prospective Studies ; Zinc