Accidents, Traffic ; Early Diagnosis ; Female ; Fractures, Bone ; Humans ; Jeollanam-do ; Lacerations ; Male ; Mandibular Fractures ; Surgery, Oral

Sixty cutaneous tumors of different types were investigated by means of immunoperoxidase technique(avidin-biotm-peroxidase complex method) with the use of antikeratin antibody. The results were as follows: 1. Squamous cell carcinomas, keratoacanthomas, and Bowen's disease exhibited strong reactivity with antikeratin antibody. 2. In squamous cell carcinomas and keratoacanthomas, the most heaviest staining patterns were detected in areas of keratinization and horn pearl formation. 3. Basal cell carcinomas and seborrheic keratosis were moderately stained, whereas Paget'a disease and metastatic carcinoma(oat cell carcinoma) did not contain keratin. 4. In some cases of basal cell carcinomas, the tumor cells were partially positive. 5. Malignant melanomas, nevi, malignant.lymphomas, neural tumors, hemangiomas, and dermatofibromas were uniformly negative.
Animals ; Bowen's Disease ; Carcinoma, Basal Cell ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Hemangioma ; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous ; Horns ; Keratoacanthoma ; Keratosis, Seborrheic ; Melanoma ; Nevus

PURPOSE: The role of mutation of p53 gene on the carcinigenesis was studied since 1991. There were some relationships of p53 mutation and clinicopathologic factors. This sutudy was designed for the clinicopathologic and genetic factor relation in Korean breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHOD: A retrospective study on the clinicopathologic findings such as age, menopausal status, TNM stage, histologic grade, estrogen receptor, DNA ploidy and S-phase fraction was camed out on 47 breast cancer tissues which had been resected at the Department of Surgery, Hanyang University Hospital. Forty-seven tissues were grouped into 3 groups. Group 1 was ductal carcinoma in situ, Group 2 was invasive ductal carcinoma without axillary lymph node metastasis and Group 3 was invasive ductal carcinoma with axillary lymph node metastasis. The numbers of tissues in each groups were 14, 15 and 18, respectively. Mutation screening on the p53 tumor suppressor gene was also performed with PCR-SSCP-direct sequencing method from the genomic DNA extracted from formalin fixed and paraffin-embedded pathologic tissue blocks. The results were as followings; RESULT: p53 mutations were detected in 12 cases(25.5%) of 47. In Group 1, 4 cases(28.6%) had mutations, and in Group 2, 5 cases(33.3%), and in Group3, 3 cases(16.7%). There was no significant differences in mutation rate between three groups. In 12 mutations detected, 6 cases were transition, 5 of which were missense mutation in coding sequences, and one of which was splicing mutation at acceptor site. One case was transversion and five cases were deletions or insertions of various lengths resulting in frameshift mutations. There was no statistically significant difference between groups and clinicopathologic factors except the strong relationship between the negative estrogen receptor and p53 mutation(p< 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: From the above findings, p53 gene could be considered to be inactivated at the all stage of multistep carcinogenesis processes. The nature of mutations and genetic background of Korean breast cancers may be somewhat different from those of Caucasians. And the p53 mutation status may be used as one of the useful prognostic factors in addition to the estrogen receptor status.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Carcinogenesis ; Carcinoma, Ductal ; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating ; Clinical Coding ; DNA ; Estrogens ; Formaldehyde ; Frameshift Mutation ; Genes, p53 ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Lymph Nodes ; Mass Screening ; Mutation Rate ; Mutation, Missense ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Ploidies ; Retrospective Studies

Accidents, Traffic ; Emergencies ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Facial Bones ; Female ; Humans ; Jeollanam-do ; Lacerations ; Male ; Mandible ; Surgery, Oral ; Tooth Injuries

OBJECTIVE: Although marker chromosome is defined as an abnormal chromosome in which no part can be identified, derivative chromosomes with structural abnormalities of unknown origin are also called as marker chromosomes conventionally. The clinical significance of a marker chromosome is determined according to the origin of marker chromosome. In this study reverse painting fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) methods were employed to elucidate the origin of marker chromosomes in 5 clinical cases. METHODS: Reverse painting probes were generated from five copies of each marker chromosomes microdissected with micromanipulator, amplified with DOP-PCR, and labeled with fluorochromes. The probes were hybridized to normal metaphases. For CGH, normal control and patients' DNA were directly labeled with spectrum-red-dUTP and spectrum-green-dUTP by CGH nick translation kit, and hybridized to normal reference metaphases. The CGH images were captured with a computer controlled fluorescence microscope equipped with a CCD camera and analyzed by Cytovision workstation. RESULTS: Five marker chromosomes were identified as follows (1) derivative chromosome 15 inducing partial trisomy of 15pter->q21, (2) isochromosome of 18p causing 18p tetrasomy, (3) short arm of chromosome 5 causing 5p trisomy (4) small accessory chromosome originated from centromeric region of chromosome Xq11->q12 (5) der(17) with inverted duplication of the short arm of chromosome 17. In all cases the origin of each marker chromosomes were identified successfully with reverse painting FISH, and these results were concordant with the CGH profiles. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that combined reverse painting FISH and CGH is a rapid, convinient and powerful tool to identify the origin of marker chromosomes and derivative chromosomes caused by various chromosome abnormalities such as translocation, duplication, deletion.
Arm ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15 ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17 ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5 ; Comparative Genomic Hybridization* ; DNA ; Fluorescence* ; Fluorescent Dyes ; In Situ Hybridization* ; Isochromosomes ; Metaphase ; Paint* ; Paintings* ; Tetrasomy ; Trisomy

PURPOSE: The expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP- 2) by cancer cells has been implicated in metastasis through cancer cell invasion of the basement membranes mediated by a degradation of collagen IV. However, the MMP-2 proenzyme requires proteolytic activation for its physiologic or pathologic role. We tried to 1) compare expression and activation of MMP-2 in breast cancers with benign tumors, 2) determine the correlation between the actviation of MMP-2 in breast cancer and established prognostic factors, 3) observe whether MMP-2 is expressed and activated in axillary lymph nodes as well, and 4) determine the degree of correlation between MMP-2 activity in lymph nodes and metastatic status, if MMP-2 is expressed in lymph node. METHODS: The specimens came from 11 fibroadenomas, 32 invasive ductal carcinoma and 129 axillary lymph nodes from cancer cases. Pro-MMP-2 cDNA transfected MDA-MB-231 cells were cultured and the conditioned media from them was used for a control. Zymography was used to monitor MMP-2 activation through the detection of the inactive proenzyme form (72 kDa) and the active form (62 kDa). Immunohistochemical staining was also performed for the localization of MMP-2 expression in tissues. RESULTS: 1) 72 kDa was expressed in all fibroadenomas and cancers, while 62 kDa was expressed in only 10 cases of fibroadenomas and all cancers. MMP-2 activity (62 kDa/72 kDa +62 kDa) was significantly higher in cancers than in fibroadenomas (P=0.014). 2) MMP-2 activity in cancers was significantly correlated with nodal metastasis (P=0.040). 3) The expression of MMP-2 in lymph nodes was very low and MMP-2 activity was not correlated with metastatic status. However, the immunohistochemical staining showed different staining patterns between the metastatic and non-metastatic nodes. CONCLUSION: We suggest that a measurement of the activation of MMP-2 could be useful as a prognostic marker representing metastatic potential in breast cancer. However, the low expression of MMP-2 in lymph nodes is an interesting subject for further study.
Basement Membrane ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Carcinoma, Ductal ; Collagen ; Culture Media, Conditioned ; DNA, Complementary ; Fibroadenoma ; Lymph Nodes ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2* ; Neoplasm Metastasis*

To verify the inhibitory or protective effects of light-emitting diode(LED) irradiation on apoptotic cell death induced by CoCl2, human SH-SY5Y cells were treated with CoCl2 and LED were used to irradiate the cells. In the cell viability assay, cells were died slowly from 50 micrometer to 250 micrometer and about 50% of cells died after 12 hours at 400 micrometer of CoCl2. The Diff-Quik staining revealed that cells showed condensation of DNA and blebbing of the cell membrane. The DNA fragmentation assay revealed the DNA fragmentation, which is another apoptosis marker, occurred in cells treated with 400 micrometer CoCl2 for 16 hours. In the western blot for HIF-1 alpha, HIF-1 alpha was expressed after 3 hours from induction and peaked maximally at 16 hours. In the cell viability assay of the effects of LED irradiation (at 590 nm for 1 hour 20 minutes), the cells showed more proliferation (about 20%) than the control group. The RPA assay of various apoptosis-related molecules showed that pro-apoptosis molecules such as Bax, Bak, and Bid were upregulated in the CoCl2 treatment group. This means that the apoptotic cell population was increased. However there was some significant changes in LED irradiated cells. In the CoCl2-treated LED irradiation group, those molecules were down-regulated more than in the only CoCl2-treated group. These results have shown that CoCl2 may induce apoptotic cell death in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. And LED irradiation has a positive effect on apoptotic cells by down-regulation of pro-apoptotic molecules.
Apoptosis ; Blister ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Death ; Cell Membrane ; Cell Survival ; DNA ; DNA Fragmentation ; Down-Regulation ; Humans* ; Neuroblastoma*

PURPOSE: The expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP- 2) by cancer cells has been implicated in metastasis through cancer cell invasion of the basement membranes mediated by a degradation of collagen IV. However, the MMP-2 proenzyme requires proteolytic activation for its physiologic or pathologic role. We tried to 1) compare expression and activation of MMP-2 in breast cancers with benign tumors, 2) determine the correlation between the actviation of MMP-2 in breast cancer and established prognostic factors, 3) observe whether MMP-2 is expressed and activated in axillary lymph nodes as well, and 4) determine the degree of correlation between MMP-2 activity in lymph nodes and metastatic status, if MMP-2 is expressed in lymph node. METHODS: The specimens came from 11 fibroadenomas, 32 invasive ductal carcinoma and 129 axillary lymph nodes from cancer cases. Pro-MMP-2 cDNA transfected MDA-MB-231 cells were cultured and the conditioned media from them was used for a control. Zymography was used to monitor MMP-2 activation through the detection of the inactive proenzyme form (72 kDa) and the active form (62 kDa). Immunohistochemical staining was also performed for the localization of MMP-2 expression in tissues. RESULTS: 1) 72 kDa was expressed in all fibroadenomas and cancers, while 62 kDa was expressed in only 10 cases of fibroadenomas and all cancers. MMP-2 activity (62 kDa/72 kDa +62 kDa) was significantly higher in cancers than in fibroadenomas (P=0.014). 2) MMP-2 activity in cancers was significantly correlated with nodal metastasis (P=0.040). 3) The expression of MMP-2 in lymph nodes was very low and MMP-2 activity was not correlated with metastatic status. However, the immunohistochemical staining showed different staining patterns between the metastatic and non-metastatic nodes. CONCLUSION: We suggest that a measurement of the activation of MMP-2 could be useful as a prognostic marker representing metastatic potential in breast cancer. However, the low expression of MMP-2 in lymph nodes is an interesting subject for further study.
Basement Membrane ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Carcinoma, Ductal ; Collagen ; Culture Media, Conditioned ; DNA, Complementary ; Fibroadenoma ; Lymph Nodes ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2* ; Neoplasm Metastasis*

Inflammaging in male reproductive organs covers a wide variety of problems, including sexual dysfunction and infertility. In this study, the beneficial effects of cordycepin (COR), isolated from potential medicinal fungi Cordyceps militaris, in aging-associated testicular inflammation and serum biochemical changes in naturally aged rats were investigated. Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into young control (YC), aged control (AC), and COR (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg) treated aged rat groups. Aging-associated serum biochemical changes and inflammatory parameters were analyzed by biochemical assay kits, Western blotting, and real-time RT-PCR. Results showed a significant (p < 0.05) alteration in the total blood cell count, lipid metabolism, and liver functional parameters in AC group when compared with YC group. However, COR-treated aged rats ameliorated the altered biochemical parameters significantly (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01 at 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg, respectively). Furthermore, the increase in the expression of inflammatory mediators (COX-2, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1b, and tissue necrosis factor-alpha) in aged rat testis was significant (p < 0.05) when compared with YC group. Treatment with COR at 20 mg/kg to aged rats attenuated the increased expression of inflammatory mediators significantly (p < 0.05). Mechanistic studies revealed that the potential attenuating effects exhibited by COR in aged rats was mediated by regulation of NF-jB activation and MAPKs (c-Jun N-terminal kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/ 2, and p38) signaling. In conclusion, COR restored the altered serum biochemical parameters in aged rats and ameliorated the aging-associated testicular inflammation proving the therapeutic benefits of COR targeting inflammaging-associated male sexual dysfunctions.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the results of mobile bearing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) with an intentionally increased flexion angle of the femoral component in patients requiring high flexion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We investigated 45 knees treated by UKA. Clinically, we measured the range of motion (ROM) and the American Knee Society (AKS) score preoperatively and at final follow-up and investigated complications. Radiologically, we measured the flexion angle of the femoral component, the posterior slope angle of the tibial component, the femorotibial angle and mechanical axis of the limb postoperatively. RESULTS: The ROM was increased from 123° preoperatively to 139° at the final follow-up. The AKS knee and function scores increased from 59 and 68, respectively, preoperatively to 94 and 96, respectively, at the final follow-up. The flexion angle of the femoral component was 9.1°, and the posterior slope angle of the tibial component was 8.6°. There was one case of bearing dislocation in the largest femoral flexion angle case. CONCLUSIONS: The results might reflect the positive effect of an increased flexion angle of the femoral component up to 10° on ROM in mobile bearing UKA, which would contribute to better quality of life after UKA especially in populations requiring deep knee flexion.
Arthroplasty ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee ; Dislocations ; Extremities ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Intention ; Knee ; Quality of Life ; Range of Motion, Articular