No abstract available.
Ambulatory Care* ; Osteoarthritis*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Heart* ; Rats* ; Wisconsin*

No abstract available.
Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular* ; Kidney Failure, Chronic*

BACKGROUND: The Histidine-Tryptophan-Ketoglutarate (HTK) solution has been shown to provide the excellent myocardial protection as a cardioplegia. The HTK solution has relatively low potassium as an arresting agent of myocardium, and low sodium content, and high concentration of histidine biological buffer which confer a buffering capacity superior to that of blood. Since HTK solution has an excellent myocardial protective ability, it is reported to protect myocardium from ischemia for a considerable time (120 minutes) with the single infusion of HTK solution as a cardioplegia. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the cardioprotective effect of HTK solution on myocardium when the ischemia is exceeding 120 minutes at two different temperature (10 to 12degrees C, 22 to 24degrees C) using the Langendorff apparatus. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Hearts from Sprague-Dawley rat, weighing 300 to 340 g, were perfused with Krebs-Henseleit solution at a perfusion pressure of 100 cm H2O. After the stabilization, the heart rate, left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), and coronary flow were measured. Single dose of HTK solution was infused into the ascending aorta of isolated rat heart and hearts were preserved at four different conditions. In group 1 (n=10), hearts were preserved at deep hypothermia (10~12degrees C) for 2 hours, in group 2 (n=10), hearts were preserved at moderate hypothermia (22~24degrees C) for 2 hours, in group 3 (n=10), hearts were preserved at deep hypothermia for 3 hours, and in group 4 (n=10), hearts were preserved at moderate hypothermia for 3 hours. After the completion of the preservation, the heart rate, left ventricular developed pressure, and coronary flow were measured at 15 minutes, 30 minutes, and 45 minutes after the initiation of reperfusion to assess the cardiac function. Biopsies were also done and mitochondrial scores were counted in two cases of each group for ultrastructural assessment. RESULT: The present study showed that the change of heart rate was not different between group 1 and group 2, and group 1 and group 3. The heart rate was significantly decreased at 15 minutes in group 4 compared to that of group 1 (p<0.05 by ANCOVA). The heart rate was recovered at 30 minutes and 45 minutes in group 4 with no significant difference compared to that of group 1. The decrease of LVDP was significant at 15 minutes, 30 minutes and 45 minutes in group 4 compared to that of group 1 (p<0.001 by ANCOVA). Coronary flow was significantly decreased at 15 minutes, 30 minutes, and 45 minutes in group 4 compared to that of group 1 (p<0.001 by ANCOVA). In ultrastructural assessment, the mean myocardial mitochondrial scores in group 1, group 2, group 3, and group 4 were 1.02+/-0.29, 1.52+/-0.26, 1.56+/-0.45, 2.22+/-0.44 respectively. CONCLUSION: The HTK solution provided excellent myocardial protection regardless of myocardial temperature for 2 hours. But, when ischemic time exceeded 2 hours, the myocardial hemodynamic function and ultrastructural changes were significantly deteriorated at moderate hypotherma (22~24degrees C). This indicates that it is recommended to decrease myocardial temperature when myocardial ischemic time exceeds 2 hours with single infusion of HTK solution as a cardioplegia.
Animals ; Aorta ; Biopsy ; Cardioplegic Solutions ; Heart Arrest, Induced ; Heart Rate ; Heart* ; Hemodynamics ; Histidine ; Hypothermia ; Ischemia ; Myocardium ; Organ Preservation ; Perfusion ; Potassium ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion ; Sodium

Authors studied the effects of cyciophosphamide, a potent inhibitor of nucleoprotein synthesis, to ivestigate the morphologic evidence of destructive actions to the hair. follicles. Sprague-Dawley rats were received 4 mg/kg of eyclophosphamide for 1 to 6 weeks, intraperitoneally, and examined light and electron microscopically. Light microscopically, distortion and constriction of the hair shafts, diminished diameter of the hair bulbs, and atrophy of. the hair matri.x were developed from 1 week. which were more prominent in second weeks and they were progressed after that time. Hairs were frequently fractured due to constriction of the hair shaf ts. Electron microscopically, cells of the hair pulp were decreased in number, and cells of the hair matrix were atrophied, Degenerative changes of the cellular organelles participating in grovth. and development of the hairs were noted, such as disordered formation of tricholyaline granules, diffuse atrophy and increased electron density of the inner root sheath, and loss of the glycogen and intercellular edema of the outer root sheath, but basal cells of the matrix showed minor changes relatively. From the above results, cyclophosphamide may specifically alter the matrix cells of the hair follicles and induces anagen hair losses, which may be reversible at a small dosage when the drug is discontinued, because basal cells of the matrix ahow rninor changes.
Animals ; Atrophy ; Constriction ; Cyclophosphamide* ; Edema ; Glycogen ; Hair Follicle* ; Hair* ; Nucleoproteins ; Organelles ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVE: Although the prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis has decreased progressively after the national control program for tuberculosis began, nowadays the number of MDRTB is increasing seriously. MDRTB tends to be poor responsive to current antituberculosis regimens. It is mainly due to poor compliance, high rate of side reaction of secondary drugs, and limitation in number of available drugs. The purpose of present study is to evaluate the clinical features of pulmonary tuberculosis patients admitted in one national tuberculosis hospital and to expose the problems pertaining to current remedies, to increase the treatment efficacy for pulmonary tuberculosis including MDRTB in the end. METHOD: Retrospective analysis of 336 pulmonary tuberculosis patients admitted in National Masan Tuberculosis Hospital was done. Contents of analysis were patients profile, the first diagnosed time and medical institutes, family history, residence, previous treatment history, chief complaints at the time of admission, lesion site on chest X-ray film, combined deseases, side reaction to antibuberculosis drugs, used drugs before admission and the results of drug sensitivity test. RESULTS: The ratio between male and female was 4:1. Age showed relatively even distribution from 3rd to 6 th decades. 64.6% of the patients was diagnosed at public health center. Weight loss was the most common complaint at admission. Bilateral lesions on chest X-ray films were 59.8%. 1 30patients had combined desease, of which DM was the most common(37.7%). 95patients had family history, of which parents were the most common(41.7%). According to the time of first diagnosis, 31 patients were diagnosed before 1980, and after then the number of patients was increased by degrees Residence overwhelmed in pusan and gyung-nam province. 258 patients got previous treatment history, of which 112 patients(43.4%) had more than 3 times and only 133 patients(51.6%) got regular medication. 97 patients used more than other 3 drugs in addition to INH, EMB, RFP and PZA before admission. 154 patients were informed with the results of drug sensitivity test. of which 77 patients had resistance to more than 5 drugs. Gastrointestinal problem was the most common in side reaction to drugs. CONCLUSION: In the case of weigt loss of unknown cause, tuberculosis should be suspected. In first treatment, sufficient and satisfactory explanation for tuberculosis is necessary and treatment period should not be stict to 6 month-short term therapy. In retreatment, new drugs should not be added to used drugs enen though drug sensitivity restlts show sensitivity to some of them. Proper time for surgical intervention should not be delayed.
Academies and Institutes ; Busan ; Compliance ; Diagnosis ; Drug Resistance ; Female ; Hospitals, Chronic Disease* ; Humans ; Male ; Parents ; Prevalence ; Public Health ; Retreatment ; Retrospective Studies ; Thorax ; Treatment Outcome ; Tuberculosis* ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary* ; Weight Loss ; X-Ray Film

BACKGROUND: We have found abnormal expression of ICAM-1 in thyroid follicular cells from patients with Graves disease and Hashimoto disease. In this report, we present the hormonal regulation of ICAM-1 mRNA expression and the primary structure of 5-regulatory region which is important for transcriptional regulation of ICAM-1 gene. A I.S kb fragment of the 5-regulatory sequences are identified and linked to luciferase as a reporter. METHOD: Those reporter constructs were used to evaluate the expression in response to cytokines and hormones. Deletion analysis of 1.8 kb fragment of ICAM-1 promoter in FRTL-5 cells provide the evidence for the existence of several regulatory elements of enhancer and silencer in ICAM-1 gene transcription in thyroid cells. RESULTS: ICAM-1 mRNA is easily detected by Northern analysis using total RNA from FRTL-5 cells regardless of culture conditions. The transcripts of rat ICAM-1 showed single band of 2.6 kb in length. The FRT cells which was come from early FRTL cell culture did not show ICAM-1 mRNA with usual Northern analysis, We found differential regulation of ICAM-1 RNA level in different culture condition in FRTL-5 cells, The cells maintained at 3H (no hydrocortisone, no insulin, no TSH) condition showed the highest expression level compared to 4H, 5H, or 6H medium. Hydrocortisone markedly decreased the ICAM-1 RNA and insulin partially recovered the hydrocortisone induced repression. TSH which is important in growth and function of FRTL-5 cells could independently downregulate the ICAM-1 RNA levels. Forskolin (10 mM) could mimic the action of TSH on ICAM-1 mRNA. TNF-a and interferon-y increase ICAM-1 expression in FRTL-5 thyroid cells. TSH/forskolin inhibited maximal expression of ICAM-1 by TNF-a and interferon-r. Promoter activity of the ICAM-1 gene was positively regulated by cytokines, TNF-a and IFN-r and negatively regulated by thyroid stimulating hormone. The addition of TSH and FSK caused a 50% decrease in ICAM-1 promoter activity within 24 hour. The TSH and FSK action was mapped at 175 bp and 97 bp of the start of translation. The mutant construct pCAM-175 delGAS which has no GAS sequence showed no TSH mediated suppression of promoter activity. CONCLUSION: These findings suggested that hormones and cytokines differentially regulated the ICAM-1 gene expression and TSH downregulated ICAM-1 gene transcription by inhibiting the activation of IFN-r induced transcription factors which can bind the GAS of ICAM-1 promoter.
Animals ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Clone Cells* ; Cloning, Organism* ; Colforsin ; Cytokines ; Gene Expression ; Graves Disease ; Hashimoto Disease ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone ; Insulin ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1* ; Luciferases ; Rats* ; Repression, Psychology ; RNA ; RNA, Messenger ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyrotropin ; Transcription Factors

No abstract available.

Urolithiasis is suspected by flank pain, costovertebral angle tenderness, and hematuria, and confirmed by computed tomography (CT). Treatment strategy and likelihood of spontaneous passage of a stone were determined by size and position of ureteral calculi and complication detected by CT. In general, the purpose of urinalysis for urolithiasis is to confirm the hematuria and pyuria. However, sometimes albumin is detected by urine dipstick test in urolithiasis. Therefore, I performed this study to investigate the clinical significance of urine dipstick positive for albuminuria in urolithiasis. This study was a retrospective review of medical records of 150 patients who visited the emergency department and diagnosed with urolithiasis by CT between March 2010 and February 2014. The patients were divided into a albuminuria group and non-albuminuria group. General chracteristics, clinical features, laboratory results, and CT findings were compared. The incidence of stones >5 mm in diameter, hydronephrosis (≥grade 2) and upper ureter stone were significantly higher in albuminuria group than non-albuminuria group. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, hydronephrosis (≥grade 2) and upper ureter stone were significantly associated with albuminuria. Upper ureter stone and hydronephrosis (≥grade 2) are also known as predictors for failure of spontaneous passage of ureter calculi. If further studies are done, urine dipstick positive for albumin in urolithiasis can be used as a predictor for failure of spontaneous passage of ureter calculi.
Albuminuria* ; Calculi ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Flank Pain ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Incidence ; Logistic Models ; Medical Records ; Pyuria ; Retrospective Studies ; Ureter ; Ureteral Calculi ; Urinalysis ; Urolithiasis*

PURPOSE: To assess the role of the preoperative portal vein embolization (PVE) in patients in need of major hepatectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Total of 11 cases consisted of Klatskin tumor (n:6), gallbladder cancer (n=2), and hepatocellular carcinoma (n=3). After percutaneous transhepatic puncture of portal vein (right:7, left:4), the embolization of 1st order branch of right portal vein was done with Gentamicin soaked Gelfoam cubes. Radiologically, the angle between the middle hepatic vein and the inferior vena cava was measured on pre- and post-PVE CT (F/U :10 days) to evaluate the hypertrophy of the left lobe. Clinically, amount and nature of the drained bile through the PTBD tube of both lobes were analyzed in 5 patients with Klatskin tumor. The interval between PVE & operation was 10-24 days. Operative findings & the changes of postop. total bilirubin were analyzed and the complication after procedure was checked. RESULTS: There was decrease in mean angle between the middle hepatic vein and the inferior vena cava from 35.9 degree to 23.9 degree, but it was insignificant statistically (p=0.09). The embolization of right portal vein was done and there was increase in amount of drained bile from the nonembolized left lobe by 2-3 folds 8-14 days after PVE. The color and consistency between both lobes were significantly different; right lobe was darker in color and softer in consistency. Postoperative total bilirubin increased by 2-3 folds 1 to 4 days after PVE and normalized 10 to 14 days after PVE. Most of the patients had mild abdominal pain and fever after PVE and 1 patient had localized hematoma at puncture site which was subsided spontaneously. CONCLUSION: The preoperative portal vein embolization is a useful method for minimizing postoperative liver failure in patients in need of major hepatectomy.
Abdominal Pain ; Bile ; Bilirubin ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Fever ; Gallbladder Neoplasms ; Gelatin Sponge, Absorbable ; Gentamicins ; Hematoma ; Hepatectomy* ; Hepatic Veins ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Klatskin's Tumor ; Liver Failure ; Portal Vein* ; Punctures ; Vena Cava, Inferior