Background: Bulky or multiple lymph node (LN) metastases are associated with poor prognosis in cervical cancer, and the size or number of LN metastases is not yet reflected in the staging system and therapeutic strategy. Although the therapeutic effects of surgical resection of bulky LNs before standard treatment have been reported in several retrospective studies, wellplanned randomized clinical studies are lacking. Therefore, the aim of the Korean Gynecologic Oncology Group (KGOG) 1047/DEBULK trial is to investigate whether the debulking surgery of bulky or multiple LNs prior to concurrent chemoradiation therapy (CCRT) improves the survival rate of patients with cervical cancer IIICr diagnosed by imaging tests. Methods The KGOG 1047/DEBULK trial is a phase III, multicenter, randomized clinical trial involving patients with bulky or multiple LN metastases in cervical cancer IIICr. This study will include patients with a short-axis diameter of a pelvic or para-aortic LN ≥2 cm or ≥3 LNs with a short-axis diameter ≥1 cm and for whom CCRT is planned. The treatment arms will be randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio to either receive CCRT (control arm) or undergo surgical debulking of bulky or multiple LNs before CCRT (experimental arm). CCRT consists of extended-field external beam radiotherapy/pelvic radiotherapy, brachytherapy and LN boost, and weekly chemotherapy with cisplatin (40 mg/m 2 ), 4–6 times administered intravenously.The primary endpoint will be 3-year progression-free survival rate. The secondary endpoints will be 3-year overall survival rate, treatment-related complications, and accuracy of radiological diagnosis of bulky or multiple LNs.

Purpose: This study aims to systematically analyze the radioactive waste generated from treatments using radioactive Iodine-131 (I-131), Lutetium-177 (Lu-177), and Actinium-225 (Ac-225) to facilitate safe waste management practices. Methods: I-131 is primarily used in thyroid cancer treatment, while Lu-177 and Ac-225 are used to treat prostate cancer. Radioactive waste generated after these treatments was collected from patients at the Korea Cancer Center Hospital and categorized into clothing, slippers, syringes, and other items. The radioactivity concentration of each item was measured using a calibrated highpurity germanium detector. Using measurements, the self-disposal date of each waste item was calculated according to the permissible disposal levels defined by the Nuclear Safety and Security Commission (NSSC) under domestic nuclear safety regulations. Results: For the I-131 radioactive waste, clothing, towels, and tableware exhibited high radioactivity concentrations, with most items exceeding the permissible self-disposal levels.Conversely, the type and quantity of waste generated from Lu-177 and Ac-225 that were intravenously injected were relatively minimal, with certain items below the self-disposal thresholds, enabling immediate disposal. For Ac-225, no permissible self-disposal concentration is specified by the NSSC, unlike other therapeutic nuclides. Hence, additional studies are required to establish clear guidelines. Conclusions These findings provide valuable data for optimizing radioactive waste management, potentially reducing disposal time and costs, minimizing radiation exposure, and enhancing hospital safety practices.

Purpose: This study aims to systematically analyze the radioactive waste generated from treatments using radioactive Iodine-131 (I-131), Lutetium-177 (Lu-177), and Actinium-225 (Ac-225) to facilitate safe waste management practices. Methods: I-131 is primarily used in thyroid cancer treatment, while Lu-177 and Ac-225 are used to treat prostate cancer. Radioactive waste generated after these treatments was collected from patients at the Korea Cancer Center Hospital and categorized into clothing, slippers, syringes, and other items. The radioactivity concentration of each item was measured using a calibrated highpurity germanium detector. Using measurements, the self-disposal date of each waste item was calculated according to the permissible disposal levels defined by the Nuclear Safety and Security Commission (NSSC) under domestic nuclear safety regulations. Results: For the I-131 radioactive waste, clothing, towels, and tableware exhibited high radioactivity concentrations, with most items exceeding the permissible self-disposal levels.Conversely, the type and quantity of waste generated from Lu-177 and Ac-225 that were intravenously injected were relatively minimal, with certain items below the self-disposal thresholds, enabling immediate disposal. For Ac-225, no permissible self-disposal concentration is specified by the NSSC, unlike other therapeutic nuclides. Hence, additional studies are required to establish clear guidelines. Conclusions These findings provide valuable data for optimizing radioactive waste management, potentially reducing disposal time and costs, minimizing radiation exposure, and enhancing hospital safety practices.

Purpose: This study aims to systematically analyze the radioactive waste generated from treatments using radioactive Iodine-131 (I-131), Lutetium-177 (Lu-177), and Actinium-225 (Ac-225) to facilitate safe waste management practices. Methods: I-131 is primarily used in thyroid cancer treatment, while Lu-177 and Ac-225 are used to treat prostate cancer. Radioactive waste generated after these treatments was collected from patients at the Korea Cancer Center Hospital and categorized into clothing, slippers, syringes, and other items. The radioactivity concentration of each item was measured using a calibrated highpurity germanium detector. Using measurements, the self-disposal date of each waste item was calculated according to the permissible disposal levels defined by the Nuclear Safety and Security Commission (NSSC) under domestic nuclear safety regulations. Results: For the I-131 radioactive waste, clothing, towels, and tableware exhibited high radioactivity concentrations, with most items exceeding the permissible self-disposal levels.Conversely, the type and quantity of waste generated from Lu-177 and Ac-225 that were intravenously injected were relatively minimal, with certain items below the self-disposal thresholds, enabling immediate disposal. For Ac-225, no permissible self-disposal concentration is specified by the NSSC, unlike other therapeutic nuclides. Hence, additional studies are required to establish clear guidelines. Conclusions These findings provide valuable data for optimizing radioactive waste management, potentially reducing disposal time and costs, minimizing radiation exposure, and enhancing hospital safety practices.

The Korean Breast Cancer Society (KBCS) has collected nationwide registry data on clinicopathologic characteristics and treatment since 1996. This study aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics of breast cancer in Korea and assess changes in breast cancer statistics for 2021 using data from the KBCS registry and the Korean Central Cancer Registry. In 2021, 34,628 women were newly diagnosed with breast cancer. The median age of women diagnosed with breast cancer was 53.4 years, with the highest incidence occurring in the 40–49 age group. The most common molecular subtype was hormone receptor-positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative, accounting for 69.1% of cases, while HER2-positive subtypes comprised 19.3%. During the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, the national breast cancer screening rate declined. However, the incidence of early-stage breast cancer (stages 0 and I) continued to increase, accounting for 65.6% of newly diagnosed cases in 2021. Our results showed that the overall survival rate for patients with breast cancer has improved, primarily due to a rise in early-stage diagnoses and advancements in treatment.

Background: Bulky or multiple lymph node (LN) metastases are associated with poor prognosis in cervical cancer, and the size or number of LN metastases is not yet reflected in the staging system and therapeutic strategy. Although the therapeutic effects of surgical resection of bulky LNs before standard treatment have been reported in several retrospective studies, wellplanned randomized clinical studies are lacking. Therefore, the aim of the Korean Gynecologic Oncology Group (KGOG) 1047/DEBULK trial is to investigate whether the debulking surgery of bulky or multiple LNs prior to concurrent chemoradiation therapy (CCRT) improves the survival rate of patients with cervical cancer IIICr diagnosed by imaging tests. Methods The KGOG 1047/DEBULK trial is a phase III, multicenter, randomized clinical trial involving patients with bulky or multiple LN metastases in cervical cancer IIICr. This study will include patients with a short-axis diameter of a pelvic or para-aortic LN ≥2 cm or ≥3 LNs with a short-axis diameter ≥1 cm and for whom CCRT is planned. The treatment arms will be randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio to either receive CCRT (control arm) or undergo surgical debulking of bulky or multiple LNs before CCRT (experimental arm). CCRT consists of extended-field external beam radiotherapy/pelvic radiotherapy, brachytherapy and LN boost, and weekly chemotherapy with cisplatin (40 mg/m 2 ), 4–6 times administered intravenously.The primary endpoint will be 3-year progression-free survival rate. The secondary endpoints will be 3-year overall survival rate, treatment-related complications, and accuracy of radiological diagnosis of bulky or multiple LNs.

The Korean Breast Cancer Society (KBCS) has collected nationwide registry data on clinicopathologic characteristics and treatment since 1996. This study aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics of breast cancer in Korea and assess changes in breast cancer statistics for 2021 using data from the KBCS registry and the Korean Central Cancer Registry. In 2021, 34,628 women were newly diagnosed with breast cancer. The median age of women diagnosed with breast cancer was 53.4 years, with the highest incidence occurring in the 40–49 age group. The most common molecular subtype was hormone receptor-positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative, accounting for 69.1% of cases, while HER2-positive subtypes comprised 19.3%. During the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, the national breast cancer screening rate declined. However, the incidence of early-stage breast cancer (stages 0 and I) continued to increase, accounting for 65.6% of newly diagnosed cases in 2021. Our results showed that the overall survival rate for patients with breast cancer has improved, primarily due to a rise in early-stage diagnoses and advancements in treatment.

Purpose: This study aims to systematically analyze the radioactive waste generated from treatments using radioactive Iodine-131 (I-131), Lutetium-177 (Lu-177), and Actinium-225 (Ac-225) to facilitate safe waste management practices. Methods: I-131 is primarily used in thyroid cancer treatment, while Lu-177 and Ac-225 are used to treat prostate cancer. Radioactive waste generated after these treatments was collected from patients at the Korea Cancer Center Hospital and categorized into clothing, slippers, syringes, and other items. The radioactivity concentration of each item was measured using a calibrated highpurity germanium detector. Using measurements, the self-disposal date of each waste item was calculated according to the permissible disposal levels defined by the Nuclear Safety and Security Commission (NSSC) under domestic nuclear safety regulations. Results: For the I-131 radioactive waste, clothing, towels, and tableware exhibited high radioactivity concentrations, with most items exceeding the permissible self-disposal levels.Conversely, the type and quantity of waste generated from Lu-177 and Ac-225 that were intravenously injected were relatively minimal, with certain items below the self-disposal thresholds, enabling immediate disposal. For Ac-225, no permissible self-disposal concentration is specified by the NSSC, unlike other therapeutic nuclides. Hence, additional studies are required to establish clear guidelines. Conclusions These findings provide valuable data for optimizing radioactive waste management, potentially reducing disposal time and costs, minimizing radiation exposure, and enhancing hospital safety practices.

The Korean Breast Cancer Society (KBCS) has collected nationwide registry data on clinicopathologic characteristics and treatment since 1996. This study aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics of breast cancer in Korea and assess changes in breast cancer statistics for 2021 using data from the KBCS registry and the Korean Central Cancer Registry. In 2021, 34,628 women were newly diagnosed with breast cancer. The median age of women diagnosed with breast cancer was 53.4 years, with the highest incidence occurring in the 40–49 age group. The most common molecular subtype was hormone receptor-positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative, accounting for 69.1% of cases, while HER2-positive subtypes comprised 19.3%. During the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, the national breast cancer screening rate declined. However, the incidence of early-stage breast cancer (stages 0 and I) continued to increase, accounting for 65.6% of newly diagnosed cases in 2021. Our results showed that the overall survival rate for patients with breast cancer has improved, primarily due to a rise in early-stage diagnoses and advancements in treatment.

Background: Bulky or multiple lymph node (LN) metastases are associated with poor prognosis in cervical cancer, and the size or number of LN metastases is not yet reflected in the staging system and therapeutic strategy. Although the therapeutic effects of surgical resection of bulky LNs before standard treatment have been reported in several retrospective studies, wellplanned randomized clinical studies are lacking. Therefore, the aim of the Korean Gynecologic Oncology Group (KGOG) 1047/DEBULK trial is to investigate whether the debulking surgery of bulky or multiple LNs prior to concurrent chemoradiation therapy (CCRT) improves the survival rate of patients with cervical cancer IIICr diagnosed by imaging tests. Methods The KGOG 1047/DEBULK trial is a phase III, multicenter, randomized clinical trial involving patients with bulky or multiple LN metastases in cervical cancer IIICr. This study will include patients with a short-axis diameter of a pelvic or para-aortic LN ≥2 cm or ≥3 LNs with a short-axis diameter ≥1 cm and for whom CCRT is planned. The treatment arms will be randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio to either receive CCRT (control arm) or undergo surgical debulking of bulky or multiple LNs before CCRT (experimental arm). CCRT consists of extended-field external beam radiotherapy/pelvic radiotherapy, brachytherapy and LN boost, and weekly chemotherapy with cisplatin (40 mg/m 2 ), 4–6 times administered intravenously.The primary endpoint will be 3-year progression-free survival rate. The secondary endpoints will be 3-year overall survival rate, treatment-related complications, and accuracy of radiological diagnosis of bulky or multiple LNs.