For the measurement of the bone quantity, various methods have been used. Recently, the methods such as a microdensiometry, single photon absorptiometry, quantitative computed tomography were introduced. However, these methods are expensive modalities to be used in daily clinical practice. For the evaluation of the osteoporosis, author's observed Saville's grades, spine contral score and spine fracture on the simple spine roentgenograms of 346 patients over 40 years of age who were exsmined due to their backache at the Department of Orthopedadic Surgery, Kang Nam St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, and following results were obtained: 1. The percentile incidence of osteoporosis with regard to age and sex : (1) The percentile incidence of osteoporosis over Saville's Grade I was 59.2%(205 of 346 persons); in males 47.4%(55 of 116 persons) and in females 65.2%(150 of 230 persons). (2) The percentile incidence of osteoporosis over Grade 1 in 5th decade was 27.2%(17.1% in males and 33.9% in females), 55.8% in 6th decade(46.6% in males, and 60.4% in females), 78.1% in 7th decade(64.7% in males, and 82.9% in females), 93.7% in 8th decade(87.5% in males and 97% in females), and 100% in both sexes of 9th decade. (3) The percentile incidence of Grade 1 osteoporosis in 5th decade was 23.9%, and in 6th decade it was 46.7%. Thus, Grade I osteoporosis was most common in these age groups. In 7th and 8th decades, Grade I osteoporosis was more common in males, while in the females ot these age groups Grade II was more common. There was no sex difference in the incidence of osteoporosis after the age of 80. Grade IV osteoporosis was found only in a woman who had hysterectomy 7 years ago, and has suffered from Parkinsonism for 3 years. (4) The overall incidence of Grade I osteoporosis was 34.6%, and Grade II was 21.3 %. The incidence of osteoporosis over Grade III was 1.7% in males, and 6.5% in females. 2. Incidence of osteoporosis assessed by Barnett's central score and its correlation with Saville's assessment: (1) The central score obtained at the 3rd lumbar spine ranged from 71.4 to 106.4. The number of cases were 16 in the score range of 70 to 80, 93 in the score range of 101 to 110, and 5 in the score range of 111 to 120. In consequence the most high incidence was in the score range of 91 to 100. (2) Grade O Oxteoporosis corresponded with the central score of 96.4 on an average (range : 86.8 to 106.4), Grade I corresponded with 91.6 (range : 85.7–103.1), Grade II corrosponded with 86.4 (range : 78.3–96.9), Grade III corresponded with 79.4 (range : 71.4–91), and Grade IV corresponeded with 75.8. (3) Barnett defined the spine is osteoporotic, when the central score is below 80. However, in this study only 16 patients(4.6%) had the score below 80. No bodies having Grade 0 and I osteoporosis had the score below 80; of those 16 patients having the score below 81, 5 were Grade II, 10 Grade III, and one Grade IV. Through this study, it is clesr that there is no correlation in these two assessing methods. The central score below 80 was found in severely porotic patients such as Grade III and IV, but was not found in most cases of Grade I and II osteoporotic patients. (4) The vertebral defromity was found only in 38 cases (10.9%), and it was found only in 18.9% of osteoporosis patients. The percentile incidence of deformity was 5.3% of Grade I, 31% of Grade II and 52.9% of Grade Ill. (5) Of these deformities, wedge-shaped one was found in 6 cases of Grade I porosis, 20 of Grade II, and 3 of Grade III. Cod-fish vertebrae (biconcave) were found in 2 of Grade II and 4 of Grade III. The flattened body was found in 1 of Grade II and 2 of Grade III. Thus, biconcave and flattened vertebrae were found only in the porotics over Grade II severity. (6) In 24 cases, one body was deformed, and in 14 cases multilevel vertebral deformities were found. In these 20 cases had deformity in the Ll, 10 cases each in T12 and L2, 7 cases in L3, 6 cases in L4, and 4 cases in Tll. In summary, the most deformities were in the dorsolumbar region. (7) Fracture was induced by trauma in the 11 cases(29%), among which 10 were wedgeshaped, and the rest was flattened. The biconcave vertebra was found not to be related with injury.
Absorptiometry, Photon ; Back Pain ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Female ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Incidence ; Male ; Osteoporosis ; Parkinsonian Disorders ; Seoul ; Sex Characteristics ; Spine

We described a giant chroioangioma of the placenta that caused premature rupture of membranes at 31 weeks of gestation in a 31-year-old primiparous woman and a subsequent neonatal death of the baby. The placental mass, weighing 820 gm and measuring 21.5x15x4.5 cm, was easily shelled out from a edematous 1280 gm-placenta. The mass had a thin fibrous capsule and a solid fibromatous appearance. The infant, weighed 2175 gm, appeared edematous oon the whole body and had Apgar scores of 4 and 5 at 1 and 5 minutes respectively. The baby expired 4 days after birth due to high output cardiac failure and respiratory failure. Postmortem examination revealed markedly dilatated umbilical vein, inferior vena cava and right atrium with patent froamen ovale, congestive hepatosplenomegaly, pulmonary hemorrhages, and meconium aspiration pneumonia. Microscopically, the mass revealed a variety of histologic patterns, reflecting entire spectrums of villous vasculogenesis from loose myxomatous connective tissue and undifferentiated hemangioblastic cell nests to well-developed capillaries with hematopoietic cells in the lumen.
Infant ; Male ; Female ; Infant, Newborn ; Humans

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Rhinitis*

Maffuci's syndrome is characterized by defects in cartilage bone formation (dyschondroplasia) with subcutaneous multiple vascular hemangiomas, and often with enchondromas. More than 120 cases of this syndrome, which was first described by Maffucci in 1881, has been reported. But intracranial tumors are rare complication of this syndrome. In this paper we describe the 6th case in the world report of Maffucci's syndrome complicated by an intracranial tumor, which was confirmed histologically as a chondroma, and review the literature with regard to this rare complication of Maffucci's syndrome.
Cartilage ; Chondroma* ; Hemangioma ; Osteochondrodysplasias ; Osteogenesis ; Sphenoid Bone

No abstract available.
Animals ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones* ; Rats*

Bronchiolitis obliterans is a distinct pathologic entity, characterized by the accumulation of pigmented macrophages within respiratory bronchioles and adjacent to air spaces, and thickening of the peribronchial interstitium. It has been reported to be associated with viral infection, drug, toxic fume, bone marrow transplantation, and connective tissue disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis. The etiology of bronchiolitis obliterans in the post-renal transplantation state is not yet clear, although several possibilities such as drug toxicity, graft-versus-host disease or postinfectious condition have been postulated. We presented three patient who had bronchiolitis obliterans, as a complication following renal transplantation. Chest radiograph showed bilateral perihilar reticular infiltration or ground glass appearances that progressed to either diffuse alveolar consolidations or solitary nodule. The main finding in each lung biopsy was the presence of macrophages within respiratory bronchioles as well as in the neighboring alveolar ducts and alveoli. Alveolar septa in these areas often showed nonspecific thickening by fibrosis, mild chronic inflammatory cell infiltrate, and hyperplasia of alveolar lining cells and type II pneumocytes.
Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Biopsy ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Bronchioles ; Bronchiolitis Obliterans* ; Bronchiolitis* ; Connective Tissue ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; Fibrosis ; Glass ; Graft vs Host Disease ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Kidney Transplantation ; Lung ; Macrophages ; Pneumocytes ; Radiography, Thoracic

Primary biliary cirrhosis is frequently associated with a variety of disorders presumed to be autoimmune in nature, such as Sjogrens syndrome, scleroderma, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and autoimmune thyroiditis. Scleroderma has been recognized in association with primary biliary cirrhosis. Most cases present as the CREST (calcinosis cutis, Raynauds phenomenon, esophageal dysmotility, sclerodactyly, and telangiectasia) syndrome. Isolated pulmonary hypertension develops in a small proportion of patients, nearly all of whom have limited cutaneous involvement. We report a case who has diffuse scleroderma associated with primary biliary cirrhosis and isolated pulmonary hypertension.
Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Esophageal Motility Disorders ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pulmonary* ; Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary* ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; Scleroderma, Diffuse* ; Sjogren's Syndrome ; Thyroiditis, Autoimmune

The authors analyzed 50 microsurgically treated middle cerebral artery(MCA) aneurysms among 266 intracranial aneurysms in the Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University Hospital from September 1975 through September 1982, in order to study the differences from those of other intracranial aneurysms, and analyze the surgical outcome versus preoperative clinical status of the patients, surgical timing, and the microsurgical techniques. The results of the analysis were summarized as follows ; 1) The middle cerebral artery aneurysms occupied 19.5% of the microsurgically treated intracranial aneurysms. 2) The brain CT scan showed subarachnoid hemorrhage in 77.5%, hemorrhage in the unilateral Sylvian cistern in 39.7%, and intracranial hematoma in 48.4%. 3) The most common location of middle cerebral artery aneurysms was the M1 M2 junction in 84%, and MCA bifurcation aneurysms occupied 44%, and trifurcation ones 40%. 4) Clipping with reinforcement of the aneurysms were performed in 74% of total cases due to difficult complete clipping of the aneurysmal neck. And the rest were wrapped. 5) The surgical timing was around the 3rd week after the last bleeding in most cases. 6) Patients in Botterell's grade I to III showed no motality and good surgical outcome. Only one case of grade V expired postoperatively, and morbidity was 10%.
Aneurysm ; Brain ; Hematoma ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm* ; Middle Cerebral Artery* ; Neck ; Neurosurgery ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Thiphalangeal thumb is characterized by interposition of an extraphalanx between the two normal phalanges of the thumb. The extra-phalanx varies from a small triangular bone to a normal phalanx in what appears to be a thumbless five fingered hand. Triphalangeal thumbs are divided into three types and the treatment differs from associated anomalies and clinical features. We had a bilateral triphalangeal thumbs treated by closed wedge osteotomy to the extra-phalanx.
Fingers ; Hand ; Osteotomy ; Thumb

No abstract available.
Bupivacaine* ; Morphine* ; Prospective Studies*