Authors experienced an anesthesia for aortorenal shunt operation for renovascular hypertension caused by atherosclerosis in a 38-year-old male. Tracheal topical anesthesia with 4% lidocaine was performed prior to induction of anesthesia with intravenous thiopental sodium and nitrous oxide-oxygen by mask. Semiclosed circle system with nitrous oxide-oxygen-halothane was used in the maintenance of anesthesia. Blood pressure and pulse rate were increased during manipulation of perirenal tissues in spite of administration of high concentration of halothane with nitrous oxide-oxygen and controlled respiration under positive pressure.
Adult ; Anesthesia* ; Atherosclerosis ; Blood Pressure ; Halothane ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hypertension, Renovascular* ; Lidocaine ; Male ; Masks ; Respiration ; Thiopental

OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the correlation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) concentrations in follicular fluid (FF) with the ovarian response as well as the age in women undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH). METHODS: This study was performed in 72cycles who underwent COH for in vitro fertilization at infertility clinic of Changwon Hanmaeum Hospital and Pusan National University Hospital from Aug., 2003 to Dec., 2003. Each FF was collected at the oocyte retrieval according to the follicular size and VEGF concentrations in FF were assessed. We analyzed the correlation of VEGF concentrations in FF with ovarian response as well as the age in women undergoing COH. RESULTS: In 72cycles, the clinical pregnancy rate was 37.5% (27cycles). There were no significant differences in patient's age, ampules of gonadotropin used, estradiol (E2) level on the day of hCG administration, the number of oocyte retrieved, and fertilization rate between pregnant and nonpregnant groups. However, positive correlation was found between the follicular size and VEGF concentrations in FF in pregnant and nonpregnant groups. No significant correlation was found between age and VEGF concentrations in FF. There were no significant differences in the VEGF concentrations in FF between pregnant and nonpregnant women by age. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that VEGF concentrations in FF cannot be the marker for the prediction of ovarian response, and have no correlation with all parameters of COH including patients' age with exception for the follicular size.
Busan ; Estradiol ; Female ; Fertilization ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Follicular Fluid* ; Gonadotropins ; Gyeongsangnam-do ; Humans ; Infertility ; Oocyte Retrieval ; Oocytes ; Pregnancy Rate ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A*

No abstract available.
Neurons*

The authors have experienced two cases of general anesthesia for operation of congenital tracheo-esophageal fistula and the results were obtained as follows. 1. The anesthetic agent should be selected as considering of lesser irritating to respiratory system and smaller amount of tracheobronchial secretion. 2. The infant circle absorber system has been preferred to the Ayres T-piece apparatus, because maintaining normal body temperature and removal of carbon dioxide easily. 3. Removal of secretion from trreheobronchial tree, intermittent positive pressure breathing, maintaining normal body temperature and humidity were thought to be necessary for the prevention and treatment of postogerative pneumonia or atelectasis.
Anesthesia, General* ; Body Temperature ; Carbon Dioxide ; Esophageal Atresia* ; Fistula* ; Humans ; Humidity ; Infant ; Intermittent Positive-Pressure Breathing ; Pneumonia ; Pulmonary Atelectasis ; Respiratory System

BACKGROUND: The dipstick methodology is the most fundamental urinalysis but interfered by many factors. We evaluated the effect of semen contamination on the urine dipsticks. METHODS: Thirty-two specimens for semen analysis were enrolled. After semen was directly applied on urine dipsticks, residual samples were diluted in pooled normal urine. Urine dipsticks were performed at each dilution titer. Seminal plasma separated by centrifugation of semen were also tested in the same manner. RESULTS: All semen showed positive results for blood, protein and leukocytes. The intensities of reaction for blood and leukocytes were correlated with sperm concentration. The negative conversion of blood and protein occurred at 1:100, and that of leukocytes occurred at 1:50. Seminal plasma showed nearly the same findings. CONCLUSIONS: Semen contamination of urine may cause false positive reaction especially for blood and protein on the urine dipsticks. It should therefore be considered when assessing unexplained, transient hematuria or proteinuria.
Centrifugation ; False Positive Reactions ; Hematuria ; Leukocytes ; Proteinuria ; Semen Analysis ; Semen* ; Spermatozoa ; Urinalysis

PURPOSE: To apply a distributed circuit theory, to develop a head-size transverse electromagnetic(TEM) resonator coil for a home-built 3T whole-body MRI system and to report an efficiency of the coil. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The dimension of TEM resonator with 16 cavity element, the diameter of copper rod was 0.63cm and its length was 13.75cm. As raw materials, the purity of copper rod was 98% and the dielectric constant of teflon was 2.08. RESULTS: The TEM head-size resonator with 16cavity elements exhibiting 9-mode resonances was robust to the surrounding influences owing to the self-shielding structure. The isolation of quadrature with a human brain was 364 and the ratio of Q(unloaded/Q(loaded) was 2.9. CONCLUSION: It was successfully demonstrated that the TEM head-size resonator with high Q factor can provide high quality MR images at 3T MRI system. Also, the TEM resonator coil has an advantage for a fine tune with length adjustment of each cavity elements. Thus, it is expected that the TEM resonator at 3T, even higher field could be used in the clinical and research studies in near future.
Brain ; Copper ; Head* ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Polytetrafluoroethylene

BACKGROUND: The function of the p53 protein is known to regulate cell proliferation by inhibiting cells entering S phase, so DNA damaged cell proliferation is inhibited by apoptosis. p21 is a cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor induced by wild type p53, not mutant p53. Thus p21 is thought to mediate the signal of p53 induced by DNA damaged agents to arrest the cell cycle in G1 phase. p53 and p21 are expressed in many malignant tumors, and its role in oncogenesis, tumor progression and prognosis are important. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to analyze immunohistochemical expression of mutant p53 and p21 protein in melanocytic lesions. METHOD: 11 cases of intradermal nevus, 7 cases of junctional nevus and 6 cases of malignant melanoma were immunohistochemically stained with p53 and p21 monoclonal antibodies. RESULTS: 1. In intradermal nevus, the p53 was negative in 100% and the p21 was negative in 98%. These findings suggest that the composing cells of intradermal nevus is completely mature cell. 2. The positive rates of p53 and p21 in junctional nevus were 43% and 43%, respectively. The positive rates of p53 and p21 in malignant melanoma were 82% and 67%, respectively. CONCLUSION: If the expression of p21 is induced by p53 independent pathway, the cell cycle can be arrested in G1 phase, so the tumor cell proliferation is inhibited. But if the expressed p21 is mutated as p53, it means that the natural function of p21 disappears. More research is necessary about the nature of p21 which is expressed with mutant p53.
Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Apoptosis ; Carcinogenesis ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Proliferation ; Cyclins ; DNA ; G1 Phase ; Melanoma* ; Nevus* ; Nevus, Intradermal* ; Phosphotransferases ; Prognosis ; S Phase

Emphysematous pyelonephritis is an uncommon and potentially life-threatening infectious disease. Although there is still controversy about optimal treatment of emphysematous pyelonephritis, published results indicate that the mortality rate in the patients treated with radical nephrectomy is equivalent to that in patients given more conservative treatment. Emphysematous pyelonephritis with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease is extremely rare and its clinical course is not revealed clearly. Hearin, we report an emphysematous pyelonephritis in a 64- year-old female patient with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, successfully treated by antibiotics and percutaneous cyst drainage.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Communicable Diseases ; Drainage ; Female ; Humans ; Mortality ; Nephrectomy ; Polycystic Kidney Diseases ; Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant* ; Pyelonephritis*

Emphysematous pyelonephritis is an uncommon and potentially life-threatening infectious disease. Although there is still controversy about optimal treatment of emphysematous pyelonephritis, published results indicate that the mortality rate in the patients treated with radical nephrectomy is equivalent to that in patients given more conservative treatment. Emphysematous pyelonephritis with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease is extremely rare and its clinical course is not revealed clearly. Hearin, we report an emphysematous pyelonephritis in a 64- year-old female patient with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, successfully treated by antibiotics and percutaneous cyst drainage.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Communicable Diseases ; Drainage ; Female ; Humans ; Mortality ; Nephrectomy ; Polycystic Kidney Diseases ; Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant* ; Pyelonephritis*

BACKGROUND: Infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality following liver transplants. We evaluated the risk factors of mortality within 1 month of liver transplantation caused by post-transplant infections. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 199 patients who underwent liver transplants from September 2005 to August 2010. We divided the enrolled patients into 3 groups. The first group, the Culture(-) group, was defined as those who had no significant culture results. The second group, the Culture(+)/survival group, was defined as those who tested positive for culture but survived longer than 1 month after transplantation. The third group, the Culture(+)/mortality group, was defined as those who died within 1 month of the transplant with positive culture test results. RESULTS: The culture(+)/mortality group consisted of more deceased donor liver transplants than other groups. Also, the Culture(+)/mortality group showed more evidence of pre-transplant infections, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, continuous post-transplant renal replacement therapy (CRRT), and a higher MELD score than other groups. The risk factors of early mortality combined with infection 1 month after liver transplantation are hospitalization in ICU before transplantation (HR=16.3, CI=2.6~102.3, P=0.003) and the positive results of culture within 7 days of the operation (HR=38.7, CI=4.1~368.8, P=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Hospitalization in ICU before transplantation and an early positive culture result can be an early clinical indicator of a good prognosis after liver transplantation.
Hospitalization ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Liver ; Liver Transplantation ; Medical Records ; Prognosis ; Renal Replacement Therapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Tissue Donors ; Transplants