Effectiveness of the video-record learning method in teaching bowel elimination nursing skill was investigated using an experimental research methodology. Data was collected from 63 female students attending Fundamental Nursing class from a nursing college in Seoul. The subjects were randomly assigned to two groups, one is the experimental group of 29 and the other the control group of 34. The independent variable was video-record learning method and the dependent variable were the degree of knowledge achievement, nursing skill achievement, competence on practicing elimination skill, and satisfaction about the learning method. The hypotheses of the study were as following. 1) There will be significant difference between the experimental group and the control group in dependent variables. 2) There will be significant positive correlations between nursing skill achievement and other three dependent variables-interest in nursing, adaptation in nursing, and preference of nursing job. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square test, t-test, and Pearson's correlation coefficient with SPSS PC+ program. Findings of the study are: 1) There was no significant difference between the experimental group and the control group in knowledge achievement using P<.05. 2) There was significant difference between the experimental group and the control group in nursing skill achievement using P<.05. 3) There was no significant difference between the experimental group and the control group in competence on practicing elimination skill using P<.05. 4) There was no significant difference between the experimental group and the control group in satisfaction about learning method using P<.05. 5) There was positive correlation between nursing skill achievement and the other variables but no significant difference was shown. 6) This study suggests that video-record learning method is an effective learning method for achieving basic nursing skills but is not effective in other areas such as knowledge achievement, competence in performing nursing practice, and satisfaction about the learning method. Further study with more developed research design and statistical analysis should be done to investigate the effectiveness of video-record learning method in learning basic nursing skill more accurately.
Education* ; Enema* ; Female ; Humans ; Learning ; Mental Competency ; Nursing* ; Research Design ; Seoul

The circadian system represents a temporal order which is mediated by the mutual coupling of oscillators and by the synchronizing effects of zeitgebers. It is known that well-being of man depends partly on the maintenance of this order, and that repeated or long lasting disturbances to it such as shift work will cause harmful effects. This study was a quasi-experimental study to test the effect of shift directions for the clinical nurses on the circadian rhythm. Fourteen nurses working at the general units of Y hospital were selected according to the established criteria. Fourteen subjects were assigned to a weekly shift but the directions of shift work were phase delay first and then phase advance or vice versa. Oral temperature, total sleeping time, frequency of sleep-wake cycle, fatigue, mental performance, and physical symptom were measured during these days except holidays. The data collection period was from April 26, 1993 to July 3, 1993. MANOVA and Wilcoxon signed rank test were used for statistical analysis. The results are summarized as follows. 1. Having worked on evening and night shifts in either phase delay or phase advance schedules, temperature rhythms of shift workers were gradually adapted to the new sleep-wake cycles. A complete adaptation to work on the night shift was achieved the sixth day of the night shift in the phase delay schedule compared to the partial adaptation to the work on the night shift in the phase advance schedule. Accordingly, by putting evening shift between day and night shifts, it will be possible for circadian rhythm to adapt easily to the night shift. 2. There were differences in the total sleeping time, frequency of sleep-wake cycle, fatigue, and physical symptom except for mental performance between night shift and day, evening shift. This indicates further that shift workers working on the night shift have a hard time adapting to the shift work compared to the other shifts. 3. Evaluating all the acrophases of temperature rhythm either in phase delay or phase advance schedules, it was shown that night to evening shift in the phase advance schedule revealed the smallest phase move. Also phase advance schedule showed poorer adaptation to shift work than phase delay schedule in connection with total sleeping time, frequency of sleep-wake cycle, fatigue, mental performance, and physical symptom. It is suggested, taken together, these findings reflect that phase delay schedule facilitated the degree of adjustment to the shift work compared to the phase advance schedule.
Appointments and Schedules ; Circadian Rhythm* ; Data Collection ; Fatigue ; Holidays ; Mental Fatigue

Injuries are important causes of death and disability. The purpose of this study was to determine how often preschoolers have injuries and what factors affect the injury occurrences. The sample consisted of 360 preschoolers who were registered at eight nurseries located in Sedaemoongu, Seoul. The data were analyzed using the SAS PC statistical package. The results of the study are as follows: During last 12 months 73.1% of 360 preschoolers had accidental injuries. In an analysis of the location where the injury took place, showed that the most places were in the nursery(17.3%) and around home(14.4%), and the most place inside home were in the bedroom(13.9%) and living room(13.9%). There were the diverse and injurious risks inside the home as well as around home. The most frequent type of injury was abrasion(27.5%) and most children injured their legs(28.3%). They were treated most frequently at home(52.8%) and usually emergency treatment was performed by family members with disinfection being the main type of first aid. To identify factors related to injury occurrence, multiple logistic regression was performed and the main factors were the age of child, active tendency, and mother's education level.
Cause of Death ; Child ; Disinfection ; Education ; Emergency Treatment ; First Aid ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Nurseries ; Seoul ; Child Health

Injuries are important causes of death and disability. The purpose of this study was to determine how often preschoolers have injuries and what factors affect the injury occurrences. The sample consisted of 360 preschoolers who were registered at eight nurseries located in Sedaemoongu, Seoul. The data were analyzed using the SAS PC statistical package. The results of the study are as follows: During last 12 months 73.1% of 360 preschoolers had accidental injuries. In an analysis of the location where the injury took place, showed that the most places were in the nursery(17.3%) and around home(14.4%), and the most place inside home were in the bedroom(13.9%) and living room(13.9%). There were the diverse and injurious risks inside the home as well as around home. The most frequent type of injury was abrasion(27.5%) and most children injured their legs(28.3%). They were treated most frequently at home(52.8%) and usually emergency treatment was performed by family members with disinfection being the main type of first aid. To identify factors related to injury occurrence, multiple logistic regression was performed and the main factors were the age of child, active tendency, and mother's education level.
Cause of Death ; Child ; Disinfection ; Education ; Emergency Treatment ; First Aid ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Nurseries ; Seoul ; Child Health

The gene product of bcl-2 (B-cell leukemia/lymphoma-2) was suggested to suppress programmed cell death (apoptosis) of tumor cells and be involved in the development of multiple myeloma. However, the normal plasma cells also express the protein. It is unclear whether the expression of bcl-2 in multiple myeloma is of normal character or of regulatory adaptation in association with neoplastic transformation. p53 was also suggested to be involved in tumor progression since mutations on p53 were found in multiple myeloma. In order to find the relationship between the expression patterns of bcl-2 and p53 in tumor cells of multiple myeloma and non-neoplastic plasma cells, we examined 38 cases of multiple myeloma and 10 cases of nasal polyp immunohistochemically. Furthermore, expression of bcl-2 and p53, mitosis, clinical stage and infiltrative pattern of tumor cells in bone marrow were also evaluated in association with the survival of patients. By immunostaining with anti-bcl-2 and p53 monoclonal antibody, 37 out of 38 cases of multiple myeloma and all of 10 cases of nasal polyp were positive for bcl-2 but only 7 cases of multiple myeloma were positive for p53. Marked dysplasia, low percentage of bcl-2 expression, and increased mitoses were correlated with poor prognosis. Based on these observations, we suggest that bcl-2 and p53 are involved in tumorigenesis of multiple myeloma and the survival of patients would be influenced by dysplastic change, mitosis and degree of bcl-2 expression.
Bone Marrow ; Carcinogenesis ; Cell Death ; Humans ; Mitosis ; Multiple Myeloma* ; Nasal Polyps ; Plasma Cells* ; Plasma* ; Prognosis

Computer-Assisted Instruction(CAI) is one kind of teaching method to teach leaners knowledge, attitude, and technical aspect of course contents through utilizing a computer as a learning material. CAI is focused on the concept of interaction and individualized learning. Thus in teaching and learning process CAI is considered the individual differences of learners. And learners can study course contents repeatedly through utilizing courseware. Based on the importance of individualized learning program through utilizing a computer the courseware of infection control was developed to acquire and apply the appropriate knowledge for controlling infection for learners.
Individuality ; Infection Control* ; Learning ; Teaching

We searched databases and used various online resources to identify and systematically review all articles on occupational psychiatric disorders among Korean workers published in English and Korean before 2009. Three kinds of occupational psychiatric disorders were studied: disorders related to job stress and mental illness, psychiatric symptoms emerging in victims of industrial injuries, and occupational psychiatric disorders compensated by Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance (IACI). Korea does not maintain official statistical records for occupational psychiatric disorders, but several studies have estimated the number of occupational psychiatric disorders using the Korea Workers' Compensation and Welfare Service (COMWEL, formerly KLWC) database. The major compensated occupational psychiatric disorders in Korea were "personality and behavioral disorders due to brain disease, damage, and dysfunction", "other mental disorders due to brain damage and dysfunction and to physical diseases", "reactions to severe stress and adjustment disorders", and "depressive episodes". The most common work-related psychiatric disorders, excluding accidents, were "neurotic, stress-related, and somatoform disorders" followed by "mood disorders".
Accidents, Occupational/*psychology ; Brain Damage, Chronic/epidemiology ; Depression/epidemiology ; Humans ; Mood Disorders/epidemiology ; Neurotic Disorders/epidemiology ; Occupational Diseases/*epidemiology/psychology ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Somatoform Disorders/epidemiology ; Stress, Psychological/*epidemiology/psychology ; Workers' Compensation/*economics

No abstract available.
Aorta, Thoracic* ; Humans ; Vena Cava, Superior*

In order to evaluate the effects of trichloroethylene (TCE) on the central and autonomic nervous system, the brain stem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) and the electrocardiographic R-R interval variability (CV(rr)) were measured in three groups of workers (11) working in TCE degreasing process, workers (4) exposed to lead and two groups of workers (12) not exposed to any kinds of neurotoxicants. Two components of the CVrr reflecting parasympathetic activity (C-CV(rsa)) and sympathetic and parasympathetic activities (CCV(mwsa)) were examined. The TCE workers were exposed to TCE at the level of less than 1 hour per week while the degreasing material was changed. There were no differences in the latencies of BAEPS and CV(rr) and the components of the CV(rr) between control and TCE and lead groups. However, two lead workers had the blood lead level of less than 60 g/dl recommended as present biological guideline by the Ministry of Labor, showed the delayed latencies of V5 and I-V in BAEP. This results suggested that intermittent TCE erposure didn't affect the auditory nervous pathway and the autonomic nervous system, however, lead exposure might affect the central nervous system at the level of less than 60 g/dl in blood lead.
Autonomic Nervous System ; Brain Stem* ; Brain* ; Central Nervous System ; Electrocardiography ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem* ; Trichloroethylene*

In order to evaluate the confounding factors of neurobehavioral tests and the neurobehavioral effects in the workers exposed to organic solvents, NCTB was carried out on 100 workers. 46 workers had never been exposed to neurotoxic substances, and the others were being exposed to the solvents, mainly toluene. Simple reaction time, digit symbol, Santa Ana dexterity test and persuit aiming were different with age in non exposure group. Simple reaction time was carried out well in males, and digit symbol and persuit aiming were in females. There was no difference at educational level when the subject was educated over 12 years. Santa Ana dexterity and Benton visual test differed according to exposure level to toluene, however simple reaction time didn't. The acute neurotoxic effect was not excluded in this study. But, NCTB could be used to evaluate and prevent neurobehavioral changes in workers exposed to neurotoxic solvents in Korea.
Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Reaction Time ; Solvents* ; Toluene