As a link of chain study program of school health, a survey was made up by the screening test with audiometry for hearing disturbance on 18,675 high school students who are mainly aged in 15-19 years from November 5.1969 to October 30. 1970. The results obtained were summarized as follows. According to our criteria as table 3, the rates of the profound , the severe and the moderate who required the appropriate hearing aids were 0.02%, 0.03% and 0.14% respectively : the cumulative percentage was 0.197. When the marginal, 0.23% should be included the cumulative rate was 0.41%. But there was no significance by sex and school classes. If we will make the special classes for them one class would be estimated out of 10,000 persons when a class is formed with about 15 persons. Otherwise when we examined that according to each ear of persons, the rates of the profound, the severe and the moderate were 0.17%, 0.22% and 0.33% respectively and their cumulative perventage was 0.72. There was no significance also by sex and age. By the way, the rate of hearing disturbance in urban high school students tended to lower than rural. And the perceptive disturbance was higher than rural in rate. The conductive disturbance tended to oppose in comparison with the above.
Audiometry ; Ear ; Hearing Aids ; Hearing* ; Humans ; Korea* ; Mass Screening ; School Health Services

As a link of chain study program of school health, a survey was made up by the screening test with audiometry for hearing disturbance on 18,675 high school students who are mainly aged in 15-19 years from November 5.1969 to October 30. 1970. The results obtained were summarized as follows. According to our criteria as table 3, the rates of the profound , the severe and the moderate who required the appropriate hearing aids were 0.02%, 0.03% and 0.14% respectively : the cumulative percentage was 0.197. When the marginal, 0.23% should be included the cumulative rate was 0.41%. But there was no significance by sex and school classes. If we will make the special classes for them one class would be estimated out of 10,000 persons when a class is formed with about 15 persons. Otherwise when we examined that according to each ear of persons, the rates of the profound, the severe and the moderate were 0.17%, 0.22% and 0.33% respectively and their cumulative perventage was 0.72. There was no significance also by sex and age. By the way, the rate of hearing disturbance in urban high school students tended to lower than rural. And the perceptive disturbance was higher than rural in rate. The conductive disturbance tended to oppose in comparison with the above.
Audiometry ; Ear ; Hearing Aids ; Hearing* ; Humans ; Korea* ; Mass Screening ; School Health Services

This paper presents the results of a survey for the causes of sensori-neural hearing impairment in Korea. The subjects were 1,676 children of total 2,928 enrolled in 16 Deaf Schools; two schools in each area of Seoul, busan, Kyoungbook, Kyoungna, Kyounggi and Chunbug, and each one in Chungnam, Chungbug, Chunnam and Jaeju. The data were collected by questionnaire with 28 items distributed to their parents. The filling in the check lists were performed by their class teacher, interviewer, for 18 months from September, 1975 to February, 1976. The questionable or missed problems were reaffirmed. The results obtained were as follows. Most of the reasons, 78.5% were acquired characters that could be developed during pregnant period, the time of delivery and the time of after birth. The pure hereditary reasons except the cases complexed with one or two were only 11.3%. Those who could not be defined with any reasons were 10.2%. Among the acquired causes, 5.8% of total subjects were developed for pregnance; 3.3%, during delivery; and 69.7%, after birth. In the pregnant period, the drug intoxications were 2.4% of total subjects, several diseases such as influenza, bleeding, surgical operation, venereal disease and rubella etc. were about one percent, and the accompanied with some symptoms of pregnancy intoxication and traumatic events were 2.4%. During time, the cases with delayed rhythmical pain were 16 persons, the immaturities were 11, the asphyxial cases were nine, the errors of forceps delivery were seven, the cases of low body weight inspite of full term were our, the cases with cesarian section were three, the head injuries were two, and the accompanied with three kinds of above reasons were three. During after birth, the cases with acute communicable diseases were 35.4% of total subjects, the fever unknown origin were 16.1%, the chronic otitis media were 3.7%, the meningitis were 3.5%, the gastric and nutritional diseases were 3.5%, the drug intoxications were 4.8%, the blood diseases were 0.3% and the other causes were 2.2%. Here by acute communicable diseases, some importances were measle, 10.1% of total subjects; meningitis, 7.3%; convulsion with some reasons, 4.9%; poliomyelitis. 3.2%; encephalitis, 2.4%; and mumps, rubella, pertusis, scarlet fever, and small pox were somewhat played a role in. Among 59 cases with brain diseases, 53 were concussion by the accidents, such as traffic and falling or sliping down etc., the cerebral paralysis and hydrocephalus were two, respectively. And the blood diseases were severe newjaundice in all five cases. If we were summarized with the above mentioned, most of the hearing impairments were introduced by the combined reasons with familial or hereditary factors and the acquired, than by a simple disease. Among the congenital or hereditary hearing impairments classified to now a day, we suppose that the many cases with the acquired causes during pregnancy, delivery and after birth were complexed. Subsequently, the maternal and child health should be more and more developed in our country, also.
Body Weight ; Brain Diseases ; Busan ; Child Health ; Child* ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Communicable Diseases ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Encephalitis ; Fever ; Hearing Loss* ; Hearing* ; Hematologic Diseases ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Influenza, Human ; Korea ; Meningitis ; Mumps ; Otitis Media ; Paralysis ; Parents ; Parturition ; Poliomyelitis ; Pregnancy ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Rubella ; Scarlet Fever ; Seizures ; Seoul ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases ; Surgical Instruments

BACKGROUND: As the population of children received a cochlear implant at an early age is increasing, there is a need to test speech perception ability for the young children. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to evaluate speech perception ability for young children using a cochlear implant with Vowel and Consonant Imitation test. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Subjects were nine children with prelingual deafness who had at least 6 months of experience with Nucleus 22-channel cochlear implant. The age at implantation ranged from 3 years and 5 months to 10 years and 11 months. A 14-set vowel imitation test in a "hVd" environment and a 18-set consonant imitation test in a "aCa" environment(Vowel and Consonant Imitation test) and Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test(PPVT) were administered with audition alone at 6 month intervals from initial stimulation. RESULTS: Six out of 9 children performed above chance on the Vowel and Consonant Imitation test at 6 months from initial stimulation. The average scores for vowel and consonant were 34%(range: 0-79) and 22%(range: 0-47) correct, respectively. Generally, the Vowel and Consonant Imitation test scores and PPVT equivalent ages were increased over time. CONCLUSION: The Vowel and Consonant Imitation test appears to be a useful tool for assessment of speech perception ability of young children with a cochlear implant.
Child* ; Cochlear Implants* ; Deafness ; Hearing ; Humans ; Speech Perception* ; Vocabulary

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Assessments of cochlear implants in children are an essential part of the paediatric cochlear implant program, because it is important to describe benefits of cochlear implants in children in terms of speech perception skills. The purpose of this study was to examine speech perception abilities of children with cochlear implants on a battery of speech perception tests assigned according to categories of speech perception skills. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirteen children with prelingual onsets of deafness were evaluated with a battery of speech perception tests with audition alone at preimplantation and 6 month intervals from initial stimulation. The children ranged in age from 2 years 9 months to 10 years 11 months. Speech perception test scores were tabulated and each child was placed into one of speech perception categories. The speech perception categories consisted of ten levels from poor detection of speech sound (0) to very good open-set speech recognition (9). RESULTS: All children demonstrated better speech perception skills with cochlear implants than they had with hearing aids before implantation. Five of them showed some open-set speech perception at 6 months of implant use. CONCLUSION: The performance of children improved with experience of the implant. The speech perception categories were useful for comparing the children and designing training objectives and tasks.
Child* ; Cochlear Implants* ; Deafness ; Hearing ; Hearing Aids ; Humans ; Phonetics ; Speech Perception*

BACKGROUND: Serum albumin has been suggested to be associated with insulin resistance. We evaluated the association between serum albumin concentration and insulin resistance. We also investigated whether serum albumin level has an independent effect on the development of diabetes. METHODS: In our study, 9,029 subjects without diabetes, who underwent comprehensive health check-ups annually for 5 years, were categorized into tertiles based on their serum albumin levels at baseline. The odds ratio (OR) for the prevalence of insulin resistance, defined as the top quartile of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and the presence of impaired fasting glucose and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, was evaluated cross-sectionally. Also, the hazard ratio (HR) for incident diabetes was estimated longitudinally, according to the baseline albumin tertiles using Cox proportional hazard analysis respectively. RESULTS: From the lowest to the highest tertile of albumin, the multivariable-adjusted ORs of insulin resistance increased significantly in both men and women. During the mean follow-up period of nearly 4 years, 556 (6.1%) subjects progressed to diabetes. The multivariable-adjusted HR (95% confidence interval [CI]) of diabetes in men were 1, 1.09 (95% CI, 0.86 to 1.40), and 1.10 (95% CI, 0.86 to 1.41), respectively, from the lowest to the highest tertiles of baseline albumin. Corresponding values for women were 1, 1.21 (95% CI, 0.66 to 2.21), and 1.06 (95% CI, 0.56 to 2.02), respectively. CONCLUSION: Our study showed that increased serum albumin level was associated with insulin resistance. However, serum albumin did not have an independent effect on the development of diabetes.
Electrolytes ; Fasting ; Fatty Liver ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glucose ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Insulin ; Insulin Resistance ; Male ; Odds Ratio ; Prevalence ; Serum Albumin