Metabolic acidosis (MA) is associated with increased proteolysis, increased osteoclast activity and blunted cardiac muscle response, but the effect of MA on various clinic al parameters in CAPD patients is not well known. To evaluate the effects of MA on serum albumin level and other nutritional parameters in CAPD patients, we studied 106 CAPD patients retrospectively who have had monthly biochemical measurement and urea kinetic studies every 6 months for more than 2 years. The patients were divided into three groups according to their mean total CO2 (tCO2) level of the 2-year follow-up (Group l; mean tCO2 < 22mM/L, Group ll; 22mM/L < or = mean tCO2 < 26mM/L, and Group lll; mean tCO2 > or = 26mM/L), and the clinical, biochemical, and urea kinetic data were compared among the three groups. 1)The mean age of the subjects was 46.9+/-12.2 years with a sex ratio of 1.2:1, the mean CAPD duration 28.3+/-21.8 months, mean body weight (Bwt) 59.0+/-8.9kg, %Bwt/IBW 104.1+/-11.5%, %LBM/Bwt 75.5+/-11.1% and well-nourished patients by subjective global assessment (SGA) were 65%. 2)The mean BUN, creatinine, total protein and albumin of all patients were 55.6+/-13.6mg/dL, 12.3+/-3.5mg/dL, 6.6+/-0.7g/dL and 4.0+/-0.4g/dL, respectively. In urea kinetic study, the mean NPCR, weekly Kt/ Vurea, SCCr and RRF were 0.96+/-0.16g/kg/day, 2.02+/-0.37, 63.7+/-18.4L/week/1.73m2, and 0.99+/-1.32ml/ min, respectively. 3)The mean age was significantly higher in group l (51.0+/-10.8) than those of group ll (47.0+/-12.4) and lll (42.6+/-11.4) (P<0.05). %Bwt/IBW of group l (114.4+/-15.8%) was also significantly higher than those of group ll (104.6+/-12.6%) and lll (103.5+/-13.7 %) (P<0.05), but there were no significant differences in sex ratio, CAPD duration, %LBM/Bwt, and SGA among the three groups. 4)The mean tCO2 in group l, group ll, and group lll were 20.6+/-1.2mM/L, 23.9+/-1.1mM/L, and 27.3+/-0.8mM/L, respectively. Compared to group lll, group l had significantly higher BUN (61.1+/-14.3 vs. 46.1+/-7.2mg/dL, P<0.05) and serum albumin (4.04+/-0.31 vs. 3.75+/-0.39g/dL, P<0.05), in spite of comparable dialysis dose and albumin loss into dialysate. 5)NPCR (1.02+/-0.21g/kg/day vs. 0.88+/-0.14g/kg/ day, P<0.05) and ultrafiltration volume (1.4+/-0.4 vs. 1.0+/-0.3, P<0.05) were significantly higher in group l than those of group lll. But there were no significant differences in Kt/Vurea, SCCr, RRF, and 24-hour dialysate loss of protein/albumin among the three groups. 6)No differences were observed among the three groups in the changes of body weight, %Bwt/IBW, %LBM/Bwt, BUN, albumin, NPCR, and RRF from the baseline values after the 2-year follow-up. 7)There were significant inverse correlations between the mean tCO2 level and NPCR (r=-0.33, P<0.001), %Bwt/IBW (r=-0.32, P<0.001), RRF (r=-0.29, P<0.005), and serum albumin level (r=-0.24, P<0.05). But, creatinine, %LBM/Bwt, and Kt/Vurea did not show any correlation with the mean tCO2 level. 8)Using stepwise multiple regression analysis, NPCR (beta=-0.3491, P<0.001), %Bwt/IBW (beta=-0.046, P<0.001), and ultrafiltration volume (beta=-0.0012, P< 0.005) were independent factors affecting the mean tCO2 level. In conclusion, low total CO2 level in long-term CAPD patients may reflect increased protein intake and mild to moderate degree of metabolic acidosis may not affect the nutritional status of well-dialyzed CAPD patients.
Acidosis* ; Body Weight ; Creatinine ; Dialysis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Myocardium ; Nutritional Status ; Osteoclasts ; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory* ; Proteolysis ; Retrospective Studies ; Serum Albumin* ; Sex Ratio ; Ultrafiltration ; Urea

Although a lot of articles examining concomitant intrauterine and ectopic pregnancy have been presented, we have not found any reports on ectopic implantation of chorionic villi in the vagina with normal intrauterine pregnancy. We experienced a case of chorionic villi on the vaginal wall as a hemorrhagic mass during the second trimester of pregnancy. A pregnant woman (gestational age of 16 weeks and 1 day) visited our hospital due to vaginal bleeding. There was no abnormal finding except vaginal hemorrhagic mass, and the mass revealed a product of conception.
Chorion* ; Chorionic Villi* ; Female ; Fertilization ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, Second* ; Pregnancy* ; Pregnancy, Ectopic ; Pregnant Women ; Uterine Hemorrhage ; Vagina

Tumor-draining lymph node (TDLN) lymphocytes contain immunologically sensitized to tumor but functionally deficient T cells. The 30 kDa protein antigen, a major secreted protein antigen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, exhibits strong T cell stimulatory effect. In this study, it examined that the feasibility of using M tuberculosis 30 kDa antigen to stimulate tumor-draining lymph node cells for the generation of specific immune effector cells. Freshly isolated TDLN lymphocytes could directly respond to the 30 kDa antigen alone and their proliferative responses were markedly augmented by stimulation with rIL-2. TDLN cells were stimulated with the 30 kDa antigen for various time intervals and examined for the induction of IFN-r and IL-4 mRNA using RT-PCR. The expression of IFN-r mRNA was greatly augmented after 1 wk, whereas IL-4 mRNA is markedly decreased after 1 wk. Cytotoxic T cell activities induced by the 30 kDa antigen was also evaluated. TDLN cells stimulated with the 30 kDa antigen alone were able to generate remarkable cytotoxic response to K562 or Daudi cell lines after 6 days of culture. And their cytotoxic effects were highly augmented by stirnulation with rIL-2. These results suggest that the 30 kDa antigen of M. tuberculosis may selectively activate Thl cells of TDLN lymhocytes and induce the cytotoxic T cell activities. In conclusion, the 30 kDa antigen can be used as a biologic response modifier in tumor immunology.
Allergy and Immunology ; Cell Line ; Interleukin-4 ; Lymph Nodes* ; Lymphocytes* ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis* ; Mycobacterium* ; RNA, Messenger ; T-Lymphocytes ; Th1 Cells* ; Tuberculosis

No abstract available.
Biopsy, Fine-Needle* ; Pancreas*

The first ray, including the hallux and first metatarsal, has historically been the most common location of congenital and functionally acquired deformities of the lower extremity. It has been the subject of extensive historical review and study as an untold number of authors and surgeons have directed their talents toward the comprehension and correction of the condition. But, few reports have been made on that subject in Korean population. So, we made a clinical and radilogical study of the hallux valgus angle (HVA), intermetatarsal angle (IMA) and hallux valgus in 200 Korean population. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The mean value of HVA was 14.8°±4.6° in male and 17.6°±5.4°in female. The mean value of HVA of the hallux valgus patient was 33° 2. The mesn value of IMA was 8.6°±1.9°in male and 10.2°±2.2°in female. The mean value of IMA of the hallux valgus patient was 14° 3. The incidence of hallux valgus was 11% in male, 37% in female and female was 77% of all hallux vslgus patient. 4. The family history of hallux valgus was found in 63% and 94% of patients has bilateral involvement. 5. The most common chief complaint was pain over the medial side of the first MP joint or base of the other metatarsal bone. Symptoms were not correlated with angle value. 6. In the first MP joint of hallux valgus by Piggott, the deviated joint was most common (52%). 7. In the three basic MP joint types by Haas, the round metatarsal head was most common. 8. DASA was ranged from 0°to 7°in normal persons and from 2°to 16°in hallux valgus patients. 9. PASA was ranged from 1°to 9°in normsl persons and from 3°to 35°in hallux valgus patient. 10. The tibial sesamoid displacement more than grade 4 by Haas rating system was found 63% of hallux valgus patients.
Aptitude ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Comprehension ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Female ; Hallux Valgus ; Hallux ; Head ; Humans ; Incidence ; Joints ; Lower Extremity ; Male ; Metatarsal Bones ; Surgeons

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Bezoars*

No abstract available.
Decompression* ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Spine* ; Titanium*

PURPOSE: Unilateral testicular torsion, while harming the ipsilateral testis, may also affect the contralateral testis. A reduction in testicular blood flow, immune reactions and biochemical changes have been reported to affect spermatogenesis. However, physiologic fertility, spermatogenesis, the production of sex hormones and the testicualr blood flow might vary according to age. Therefore, an experimental study was conducted to investigate the effects of testicular torsion on the contralateral testis at various ages in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats, 2, 5 and 8 weeks old were divided into 4 experimental subgroups in the torsion only, detorsion (torsion followed by detorsion at 1 hour), orchiectomy (torsion followed by an orchiectomy at 24 hours) and a control group. Six weeks later, the changes in the testicular weight, the mean tubular diameter, spermatogenesis and apoptosis of the contralateral testicle were determined. RESULTS: The changes in the testicular weight, mean tubular diameter and spermatogenesis were similar in the 2 weeks group regardless of the experimental methods (p>0.05). In the 5 weeks group, the tubular diameter had decreased significantly in the orchiectomy and torsion only group (p< 0.05), and incomplete spermatogenesis was observed in the torsion only group. In the 8 weeks group, the testicular weight and tubular diameter was significantly lower in the orchiectomy and torsion only group (p< 0.05), but spermatogenesis was relatively well preserved. The apoptotic cell index was significantly higher in the orchiectomy and torsion only group at 5 and 8 weeks group (p< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Unilateral testicular torsion causes histological changes and incomplete spermatogenesis in the contralateral testicle. These results suggest that the effect of a unilateral testicualr torsion was predominant in untreated and pubertal rats, but is rarely observed in infantile rats.
Animals ; Apoptosis* ; Fertility ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones ; Orchiectomy ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spermatic Cord Torsion* ; Spermatogenesis ; Testis*

PURPOSE: Unilateral testicular torsion, while harming the ipsilateral testis, may also affect the contralateral testis. A reduction in testicular blood flow, immune reactions and biochemical changes have been reported to affect spermatogenesis. However, physiologic fertility, spermatogenesis, the production of sex hormones and the testicualr blood flow might vary according to age. Therefore, an experimental study was conducted to investigate the effects of testicular torsion on the contralateral testis at various ages in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats, 2, 5 and 8 weeks old were divided into 4 experimental subgroups in the torsion only, detorsion (torsion followed by detorsion at 1 hour), orchiectomy (torsion followed by an orchiectomy at 24 hours) and a control group. Six weeks later, the changes in the testicular weight, the mean tubular diameter, spermatogenesis and apoptosis of the contralateral testicle were determined. RESULTS: The changes in the testicular weight, mean tubular diameter and spermatogenesis were similar in the 2 weeks group regardless of the experimental methods (p>0.05). In the 5 weeks group, the tubular diameter had decreased significantly in the orchiectomy and torsion only group (p< 0.05), and incomplete spermatogenesis was observed in the torsion only group. In the 8 weeks group, the testicular weight and tubular diameter was significantly lower in the orchiectomy and torsion only group (p< 0.05), but spermatogenesis was relatively well preserved. The apoptotic cell index was significantly higher in the orchiectomy and torsion only group at 5 and 8 weeks group (p< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Unilateral testicular torsion causes histological changes and incomplete spermatogenesis in the contralateral testicle. These results suggest that the effect of a unilateral testicualr torsion was predominant in untreated and pubertal rats, but is rarely observed in infantile rats.
Animals ; Apoptosis* ; Fertility ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones ; Orchiectomy ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spermatic Cord Torsion* ; Spermatogenesis ; Testis*