This study was carried out to clarify the effect of dietary calcium, casein, and suet on the accumulation of cadmium in mice. It was performed for 30 days, from April 11 to May 10 1988. 90 mice were divided into 4 experimental groups and control group with 6 mice each dietary group, and measured survival rate, body weight, and weight ratio of organ to body. The contents of cadmium in liver, kidney, spleen, muscle and skin with hair, and faces were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer after sacrifice by anesthesia. After 30 days, the survival rate of control group was 100%, but 66.7% in group IV(basal+Cd+Ca) with single dose of 100 microgram cadmium and with free-intake of water containing 50ppm cadmium, and group V(basal diet+Cd+suet) with free-intake of water containing 50ppm cadmium. The rate of weight gain in the case of single dose of 100 microgram cadmium was highest in group IV as 42.3% and lowest in group V as 26.0%, whereas in the cases of free intake group IV was highest as 24.0% and group II(basal diet+Cd) was lowest as 11.6%. The body weight, in the case of single dose of 100 microgram cadmium showed no increase until 5th day after acute poisoning. But in the case of free intake group, it showed very increase through all the breeding period. The weight ratio of organ to body were lowest in the liver of group II in both occasions. The most of cadmium administered were excreted through feces within 2 days after single dose of 100 microgram cadmium. The contents of cadmium in each group were significantly higher than those of control group. In the liver, kidney, spleen and muscle, group II showed the highest level in both occasions of 100 microgram single dose and free intake of water containing 50ppm cadmium. In the skin with hair, group II of the occasion with single dose of 100 microgram and group V with free intake showed the highest level. And the contents of cadmium in tissue were markedly higher in the occasion of free intake of water containing 50ppm cadmium. From the above results I would conclude that the addition of casein and calcium are effective in the inhibition of intension absorption of cadmium esp. by calcium.
Absorption ; Anesthesia ; Animals ; Body Weight ; Breeding ; Cadmium* ; Calcium ; Calcium, Dietary* ; Caseins* ; Feces ; Hair ; Kidney ; Liver ; Mice* ; Poisoning ; Skin ; Spleen ; Survival Rate ; Water ; Weight Gain

Chylothorax is the most common cause of pleural effusion in the neonatal period and is defined as an effusion of lymph in the pleural cavity. We report a case of chylothorax in a 13-day-old male who was admitted due to respiratory difficulty. Chest AP showed pleural effusion of the left lung and milky yellow fluid was aspirated via thoracentesis upon which laboratory and lipoprotein electrophoresis of pleural fluid revealed findings compatible with that of chylothorax. Due to reaccumulation of chyle after daily thoracentesis, chest tube was inserted at the 4th hospital day, and MCT containing diet was given. He was discharged on the 21st hospital day in good health, and revealed no recurrence for 3 months during outpatient follow up visits.
Chest Tubes ; Chyle ; Chylothorax* ; Diet* ; Electrophoresis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Lipoproteins ; Lung ; Male ; Outpatients ; Pleural Cavity ; Pleural Effusion ; Recurrence ; Thoracostomy* ; Thorax ; Triglycerides*

No abstract available.
Intracranial Aneurysm*

An analytical observation was carried out on clinical symptoms, physical findings, etiology, precipitating factors, pulse rate, and blood pressure manifested by 115 patients admitted to the Kyung hee university Hospital under the diagnosis of congestive heart failure for a period of October 1971 to September 1974. The results were as follows: 1. The disease affected female 1.4 times more frequently than male and occured most frequently in the 6th decade (26.1%), and its incidence decreased in the 7th decade (22.6%). 2. The important causes of congestive heart failure were hypertensive heart disease (39.7%), rheumatic heart disease (26.1%), cor pulmonale (13.9%), atherosclerotic heart disease (6.1%), postpartum heart failure (6.1%) and pericardial disease (3.5%). The unknown etiology was 3.5% of all cases. 3. The most common precipitatiog factors of the 106 patients of congestive heart failure were infections (59.5%), especially in the upper respiratory tract infection (37.8%). The physical exertion, pregnancy and labor, psychic stress, angina, myocardial infarction, and discontinuation of Tapazol and digitalis were followed. 4. The most common symptoms and signs were the dyspnea (93%), and the next common were pulmonary rales (65.2%), hepatomegaly (59.1%), distention of cervical vein (55.7%), pitting edema (44.3%) and cardiac murmur (38.3%) on admission. 5. The increased pulse rate over 101/min. was about 38.3%, but less than 60/min. was found in 4.3% only. 6. The electrocardiographic findings were abnormal except one case out of 107 cases. The left ventricular hypertrophy (48.1%), atrial fibrillation (24.5%), and bundle branch block (21.7%) were frequently observed. 7. The range of systolic blood pressure measured in 43 patients who had been suffered from hypertensive heart disease were disclosed that 221-240 mmHg (23.3%), 161-180mmHg (20.9%), and 181-200mmHg (20.9%) in order.
Atrial Fibrillation ; Blood Pressure ; Bundle-Branch Block ; Diagnosis ; Digitalis ; Dyspnea ; Edema ; Electrocardiography ; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP)* ; Female ; Heart Diseases ; Heart Failure* ; Heart Murmurs ; Heart Rate ; Hepatomegaly ; Humans ; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular ; Incidence ; Male ; Myocardial Infarction ; Physical Exertion ; Postpartum Period ; Precipitating Factors ; Pregnancy ; Pulmonary Heart Disease ; Respiratory Sounds ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; Rheumatic Heart Disease ; Veins

An analytical observation was carried out on clinical symptoms, physical findings, etiology, precipitating factors, pulse rate, and blood pressure manifested by 115 patients admitted to the Kyung hee university Hospital under the diagnosis of congestive heart failure for a period of October 1971 to September 1974. The results were as follows: 1. The disease affected female 1.4 times more frequently than male and occured most frequently in the 6th decade (26.1%), and its incidence decreased in the 7th decade (22.6%). 2. The important causes of congestive heart failure were hypertensive heart disease (39.7%), rheumatic heart disease (26.1%), cor pulmonale (13.9%), atherosclerotic heart disease (6.1%), postpartum heart failure (6.1%) and pericardial disease (3.5%). The unknown etiology was 3.5% of all cases. 3. The most common precipitatiog factors of the 106 patients of congestive heart failure were infections (59.5%), especially in the upper respiratory tract infection (37.8%). The physical exertion, pregnancy and labor, psychic stress, angina, myocardial infarction, and discontinuation of Tapazol and digitalis were followed. 4. The most common symptoms and signs were the dyspnea (93%), and the next common were pulmonary rales (65.2%), hepatomegaly (59.1%), distention of cervical vein (55.7%), pitting edema (44.3%) and cardiac murmur (38.3%) on admission. 5. The increased pulse rate over 101/min. was about 38.3%, but less than 60/min. was found in 4.3% only. 6. The electrocardiographic findings were abnormal except one case out of 107 cases. The left ventricular hypertrophy (48.1%), atrial fibrillation (24.5%), and bundle branch block (21.7%) were frequently observed. 7. The range of systolic blood pressure measured in 43 patients who had been suffered from hypertensive heart disease were disclosed that 221-240 mmHg (23.3%), 161-180mmHg (20.9%), and 181-200mmHg (20.9%) in order.
Atrial Fibrillation ; Blood Pressure ; Bundle-Branch Block ; Diagnosis ; Digitalis ; Dyspnea ; Edema ; Electrocardiography ; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP)* ; Female ; Heart Diseases ; Heart Failure* ; Heart Murmurs ; Heart Rate ; Hepatomegaly ; Humans ; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular ; Incidence ; Male ; Myocardial Infarction ; Physical Exertion ; Postpartum Period ; Precipitating Factors ; Pregnancy ; Pulmonary Heart Disease ; Respiratory Sounds ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; Rheumatic Heart Disease ; Veins

In order to investigate the level of lead exposure of workers in litharge making industry and to evaluate how lead exposure, personal habit such as smoking and drinking affect the prevalence of lead related symptoms and other study variables, we investigate 114 workers(24 office workers and 90 lead exposed workers) in a litharge making industry. Study variables chosen were blood lead(PbB), zinc protoporphyrin in whole blood(ZPP), Hemoglobin(Hb), hematocrit (Hct), SGOT and SGPT. symptom questionnaires which had 15 lead exposure related symptoms were provided to all workers and filled up by themselves and reconfirmed by physician. The results obtained were as follows; 1. The mean value of PbB, ZPP and SGOT in lead exposed group were higher than those of non-exposed group, and there were no differences of means in other study variables. 2. The smoking and drinking rate of study subjects were 65.8% and 71.0% as a whole. Smoking rates were lower in non-exposed group than exposed group, but drinking rate were not. 3. There were no differences of mean values of study variables between smoker and non-smoker in non-exposed and exposed group, but there was a difference of mean value of SGOT between drinker and non-drinker in lead exposed group. 4. while the symptom prevalence of lead exposed group were higher in neuromuscular category than non-exposed group, those of non-exposed group were higher or same with exposed group in gastrointestinal and general symptom category. 5. The symptom prevalence of smoker were higher than non-smoker regardless of exposure. 6. The symptom prevalence of drinker were only higher in gastrointestinal symptom category than non-drinker. 7. In multiple stepwise regression analysis of lead related symptoms as dependent variable and blood lead, smoking habit, drinking habit and work duration as independent variables, drinking habit contributed to the gastrointestinal symptom category, whereas blood lead and smoking contributed to the neuromuscular symptom category. For the total symptoms work duration and smoking habit contributed significantly.
Alanine Transaminase ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; Drinking ; Hematocrit ; Humans ; Prevalence ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Zinc

BACKGROUND: Generalized immune activation occurs early in the course of many infectious disease. Laboratory investigations have shown that immune activation can be quantified by the measurement of soluble immune activation products in serum. Soluble CD25, CD8, and CD4 are major immune activation products. Soluble CD8 and CD4 are indices of CD8+ T cell and CD4+T cell activity, respectively. OBJECTIVE: We estimated the concentrations of these molecules in patients with leprosy. METHODS: The study population consisted of 31 patients with tuberculoid leprosy and 71 patients with lepromatous leprosy(32 cases of M. leprae negative patients and 39 cases of M. leprae positive patients). Serum samples and clinical and laboratory data were collected form each patient and control. The levels of serum soluble CD25, CD8, and CD4 were measured by sandwich enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS: The levels of serum soluble CD25 were significantly raised in leprosy patients as compared to control and did not vary signficantly between tuberculoid and lepromatous leprosy. The soluble CD8 levels in the serum of patients with leprosy did not differ from the levels of the control. The levels of serum soluble CD4 were significantly decreased in the patients with lepromatous leprosy, but not in the patients with tuberculoid leprosy. However, there was no significant correlation between CD25, CD8, and cD4 and bacterial indices in patients with lepromatous leprosy. CONCLUSIONs: There data suggest that non-specific immune activation occurs the spectrum in leprosy, while CD4+ T cell activity is significantly decreased in patients with lepromatous leprosy.
Communicable Diseases ; Humans ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Leprosy* ; Leprosy, Lepromatous ; Leprosy, Tuberculoid

Minoxidil is a potent direct-acting peripheral vasodilator indicated in the management of severe or refractory hypertension. Well-known adverse effects include reflex tachycardia, fluid retention and hypertrichosis. This drug has also been reported to cause pericardial effusion in about three percent of nondialyzed patients with compromised renal function and to cause cardiac tamponade less frequently. Many studies have reported that the mean duration of therapy that caused pericardial effusion was about 8 months (range 1 month-53 months). We report a case of cardiac tamponade in nondialyzed patient with chronic renal failure receiving minoxidil for 10 years. A 58-year-old female was admitted to our hospital with dyspnea of NYHA III. She was a chronic renal failure patient without dialysis treatment and received kidney transplantation from cadaver donor and was dignosed chronic rejection in 1994. Minoxidil 10mg has been used for past 10 years. Lasix has been used for past 2 years, with dosage of 40mg to 240mg. On admission, blood pressure was 90/60mm Hg. Cardiomegaly was seen on chest radiograph. The two-dimensional echocardiogram showed a large amount of pericardial effusion. Emergency treatment with pericardiocentesis removed 2500ml of straw- colored pericardial fluid and resulted in marked improvement of dyspnea and stabilized blood pressure. The minoxidil was discontinued. The evidence of pericardial effusion was not seen for 12 months after minoxidil had been discontinued.
Blood Pressure ; Cadaver ; Cardiac Tamponade* ; Cardiomegaly ; Dialysis ; Dyspnea ; Emergency Treatment ; Female ; Furosemide ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Hypertrichosis ; Kidney Failure, Chronic* ; Kidney Transplantation ; Middle Aged ; Minoxidil* ; Pericardial Effusion ; Pericardiocentesis ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Reflex ; Tachycardia ; Tissue Donors

No abstract available.
Hysteroscopy*

No abstract available.
Hysteroscopy*