No abstract available.
Malocclusion*

No abstract available.
Malocclusion*

Variation in the facial pattern and effect of the rotational jaw growth on the facial proportion were studied in serial cephalometric radiographs of 40 Korean children (35 boys, 15 girls) ranging in age from 6 to 13 years. According to Y-axis (N-S-Gn) growth change during the 7 years of period, the subject who had exhibited "wave-like" manner of Y-axis growth change within +/- 2degrees was classified to the Parallelwise group and the subject who had exhibited Y-axis increase more than +/- 2degrees was classified to the Clockwise rotation group and the subject who had exhibited Y-axis decrease more than -2degrees was classified to the Counterlockwise rotation group. For the comparison of each group, a total of 22 morphologic variables were employed and the data were analyzed by means of computer morphometrics and statistical methods. On the basis of the finding of this study, the following trends were eatablished: 1. The Parallelwise group was 75%, the Clockwise rotation group was 12.5% and the Counterclockwise rotation group was 12.5%. 2. The growth pattern of cranial base was related to the rotation of mandible. 3. Maxillary prognathism was occured in the Counterclockwise rotation group and the rotation of palatal plane was occured in the Clockwise rotation group. 4. Mandibular prognathism was occured in the Parallelwise and the Counterclockwise rotation groups, especially in the Counterclockwise rotation group. 5. The degree of maxillo-mandibular divergency was constant in the Clockwise rotation group but decreased in the Counterclockwise rotation and the Parallelwise groups, especially in the Counterclockwise group. 6. There were no differences in the size of the anterior upper facial height (N-ANS) and the posterior lower facial height ((Go-Me)-PNS) but there were differences in the size of the anterior lower facial height (ANS-Me) and the posterior upper facial height ((S-N)-PNS) between each group. 7. The growth increment and the size of the facial gepth was not relater to the growth pattern of the face but the growth increment and the size of the facial height was related to the growth pattern of the face. 8. Proportional change due to the facial growth rotation was concentrated in the anterior lower face. 9. The most apparent difference between each group was happened in the size of the posterior cranial base (S-Ba) and the facial length (S-Gn).
Child ; Humans ; Jaw ; Mandible ; Prognathism ; Skull Base

Serial lateral cephalometric radiographs of 40 Korean children(25 males, 15 females) ranging in age from 6 to 13 years were studied by means of computer morphometrics and statistical analysis. As a result of this study, the following conclusions can be made: 1. In both sexes, the mean growth patterns of the face were very stable and the growth directions of the face were more prominent both forward and downward away from the cranial base(S-N). 2. In the mandible, the rotation and the "wave-like" manner of migration were observed. 3. The size of the lateral faces in males was larger than females at 6 and 13 years of age, and the forms of the lateral faces in males were slightly more squared than females at 13 years of age. 4. The sex differences and practical means in the growth increments and gro wth rates during 7 years of the growth period were as follows: (1) In the total face, there was a significant -sex difference:. in the growth increments(males 26.21cm2, females 23.24cm2) and growth rates(males 42.02%, females 39-28%). (2) In the facial surface 1, there was a significant sex difference in the growth increments(males 21.30cm2, females 19.19cm2) but there was no significant sex difference in the growth rates(males 41.35%, females 39.10%). (3) In the anterior total facial height(N-Ne), there was no significant sex difference in the growth increments(males 18.23mm, females 17.45mm) and the growth rates(males 18.44%, females 18.19%). (4) In the posterior total facial height(S-Go), there was a significant sex difference in the growth increments(males 14.61mm, females 12.98mm) but there was no significant sex difference in the growth rates(males 23.78%, females 22.25%). 5. The percentages of anterior upper facial height to anterior total facial height in both sexes were very stable in spite of the age increase. 6. The percentage of total facial height to standing height was reduced by the age increase, and the reduced rate of anterior total facial height(males 13.26%, females 13.75%) was larger than the posterior total facial height(males 9.95%, females 11. 70%). 7. The correlations of lateral facial surfaces to the standing height and the weight were higher in males. than females, but the level of correlation in males was in the moderate range.
Child* ; Female ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies* ; Male ; Mandible ; Sex Characteristics

Lateral cephalometric X-ray films in maximal intercuspation and maximal opening of 68 children were taken and analyzed to examine the pattern of condylar movement and to study the relationship between opening movement and morphologic factors of craniofacial skeleton. The results were as follows : 1. The mean value of maximal opening capacity was 47.1mm, condylar moving distance was 18.1mm, horizontal condyle movement was 17.5mm, vertical condyle movement was 3.8 mm and condylar moving angle was 13.1degrees. 2. The maximal opening capacity had positive relationship with the length of anterior cranial base, mandible and maxillary complex and with posterior facial height and had negative relationship with articular angle, sagittal jaw relationship. 3. Vertical condyle movement and condylar moving angle had positive relationship with articular angle and had negative relationship with gonial angle. 4. Horizontal condyle movement and condylar moving distance had positive relationship with the length of maxillary complex.
Child ; Humans ; Jaw ; Mandible ; Skeleton* ; Skull Base ; X-Ray Film

The purpose of this study is to observe how the Class III intermaxillary elastics act upon the craniofacial structures of mixed dentition with anterior crossbites. The cephalometric head plates of 16 children treated only with Class III elastics (C III elastics group) and 23 children treated with Class III elastics and Reverse pull headgear simultaneously (C III elastics + RPHG group) were traced, digitized and statistically analyzed. The results were as follows. 1. Anterior displacement of maxilla was observed in both groups. 2. Simultaneous Class III elastics and reverse pull headgear group showed the counterclockwise rotation of maxilla, however Class III elastics group manifested no rotational change of maxilla. 3. Simultaneous Class III elastics and reverse pull headgear group showed the downward and backward rotation of mandible, however Class III elastics group manifested no rotational change of mandible. 4. Counterclockwise canting of occlusal plane, labial tipping of upper incisor and lingual tipping of lower incisor and mesial displacement of upper molar to pterygoid root vertical were observed in both groups.
Child ; Dental Occlusion ; Dentition, Mixed* ; Head ; Humans ; Incisor ; Malocclusion* ; Mandible ; Maxilla ; Molar ; Traction*

Orthodontic traction has been suggested as the treatment of choice for intrusive luxation injuries. Prior research has shown orthodontic forces to be ineffective in the presence of ankylosis or in cases with zero mobility following the injury. If orthodontic traction is to be effective, it must be initiated prior to the onset of ankylosis. The purpose of this study was to describe the effects of intrusive luxation at various times following the injury, and to determine the time of the onset of ankylosis, and to examine what effect immediate partial luxation has on the onset of ankylosis. Eight young mongrel dogs were utilized for this study. Intrusive luxation was produced with an axial impact using a gravity hammer and a specially designed holding device on 4 teeth (2 max. and 2 man. first premolars) in each dog. The teeth were intruded approximately 3-4mm in an axial direction. One maxillary and one mandibular premolars were partially luxated with the other two teeth being untouched. Pre and posttrauma tooth position was documented with plaster models and radiographs taken with an individualized X-ray jig. Dogs were sacrificed immediately following the injury and at 1,2,4,7,10,14 and 21 days respectively. Tetracycline was administered as a vital bone marker 24 hours before sacrifice. Block sections of the tooth and alveolus were prepared for decalcified and non decalcified histologic sections. The effects of traumatic intrusion were analyzed by means of model casts, radiographs, tetracycline bone marking and histologic preparations. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The animal sacrificed immediately following the injury displayed alveolar fractures, torn periodontal ligaments, and areas of direct tooth-bone contact. 2. The odontoblastic layer of the pulp was disorganized as early as 24 hours after the injury. 3. Bony remodeling was noted at 4 days along with active surface resorption. 4. Ankylosis was first seen 7 days after the injury. 5. Osteogenesis in the dentin (thick tetracycline bands) was observed 7 days after the injury. 6. There was no progressive root resorption and ankylosis where the periodontal ligament has been healed. 7. The Luxated group showed significantly more root resorption and ankylosis than the Non-luxated group with increased observation periods. The results suggest that ankylosis may occur within the first week following the injury, and hence orthodontic traction should be initiated as soon after the injury as possible.
Animals ; Ankylosis* ; Bicuspid ; Dentin ; Dogs ; Gravitation ; Odontoblasts ; Osteogenesis ; Periodontal Ligament ; Root Resorption ; Tetracycline ; Tooth ; Traction

The purpose of this study was to investigate the root resorption and repair pattern of human teeth according to the force magnitude, direction and duration during the initial leveling and alignment phase. 40gms to 500gms of force applied to the 37 experimental teeth with duration of 3 weeks to 7 months. Then, the experimental teeth were extracted. 13 control teeth were extracted without treatment. The results are as follows: 1. 59.5% of 37 teeth exhibited root resorption. The initial resorption site was visible at the apex within 3 weeks with 100 gins samples, and the initial repair site was visible at the apex within 3 months with 400 gms samples. 2. Number of resorbed teeth increased with the duration of the force. 3. The depth of the resorption increased with the magnitude of the,force. 4. The areas of resorbed root corresponded with the loading pattern. 5. The areas of resorbed root were highly correlated with the magnitude of the force. The result of this study suggest that root resorption could occur during the initial leveling and alignment phase. These initial injuries are all small and insignificant. It is the extensive type of apical root resorption that must be regarded as deleterious to the function and stability of the tooth moved. During the initial leveling and alignment phase lighter force of the interrupted type and short treatment period would be favorable with regard to avoidance of root resorption and repair of resorbed root surface.
Humans ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Orthodontics* ; Root Resorption ; Tooth

The present paper describes 3 clinical cases in which the orthodontic, treatment was effected by the Bioprogressive therapy following the extraction of the upper and lower first premolars. What is most noteworthy in the present treatment is the use of a systems approach to diagnosis and treatment by the application of the visual treatment objective in planning treatment, evaluating anchorage and monitoring results, and the rest being performed routinely by Bioprogressive mechanism. The result achieved by this method is very favorable and the efficiency of the Bioprogressive therapy is quite satisfactory.
Bicuspid ; Diagnosis ; Malocclusion*

A serial cephalometric study was undertaken to define the growth of the soft tissue facial profile in Korean children. The sample was composed of 25 males and 15 females for whom yearly cephalometric records were taken from the ages of 6 to 13 years. From the tracings, points on skeletal and soft tissue profiles were located and recorded on magnetic tape utilizing a Calcomp Talos RP660 X-Y digitizer. Linear and angular measurements of soft tissues were made directly from tape in a Cyber 174-16 computer after cephalometric enlargement had been corrected. A statistical evaluation was made of the data and the average profile diagrams in male and female were described by a Calcomp 960 pen plotter. On the basis of the findings of this study, the following trends were established. 1. The most prominent growth in soft tissue facial profile thickness was the nose and the least was the forehead. 2. The general growth direction of the soft facial tissue to the cranium described the downward and forward. 3. The degree of soft tissue facial convexity was decidely more than that exhibited earlier in life even though the soft tissue chin had protruded to the cranium. 4. The measurements indicated a general tendency for males to have larger nose and more convex and long soft tissue facial profile than did females. 5. Males showed significantly more growth than females in base of the upper lip and height of the upper anterior facial profile. 6. There was a difference between males and females in the rates of soft tissue facial profile growth. 7. Korean children showed less convex in the soft tissue profile convexity than did American children.
Child* ; Chin ; Female ; Forehead ; Humans ; Lip ; Longitudinal Studies* ; Male ; Nose ; Skull