In order to evaluate the effect on nimodipine on the cerebral vasospasm, twelve adult mongrel dogs were studied in this experiment. This animals were divided into 2 groups ; Intracisternal injection of autogenous blood(Group I : no treatment group) and intravenous nimodipine administration after intracisternal injection of autogenous blood(Group II : treatment group). Nimodipine was administered 12 hours after intracisternal injection of autogenous blood for 7 days. Dogs were sacrificed at 8th day after intracisternal injection of autogenous blood and the unltrastructual changes were studied. The results were as follows : In Group I basilar artery showed endothelial cell swelling with distruption of intercellular junction, subendothelial edema and thickening of the internal elastic lamina with marked edematous change. The pathologic changes of arteries in Group II were considered more favorable than that of Group I. These results suggest that early intravenous treatment with nimodipine is beneficial in the treatment of vasospasm of this models.
Adult ; Animals ; Arteries ; Basilar Artery ; Dogs ; Edema ; Endothelial Cells ; Humans ; Intercellular Junctions ; Nimodipine* ; Vasospasm, Intracranial*

Dermoid cysts of the posterior fossa are benign, mostly midline, congenital brain neopasm, usually located above or behind the vermis or adjacent meninges2)18)20), Dermoid lesions are slow growing and may become quite large before producing signs and symptoms12). We have recently experienced a case of dermoid which arised in cerebellar hemisphere. A 32-year old woman who had a history of chronic headache at morining was visited in our department and she was also complained of a egg-sized plapable mass which was growing nature, non-tender, soft, and movable on the right occipital area. On admission, there were no specific localizing and lateralizing neurological abnormalities. Unenhanced CT scan shows hypodense mass in the left cerebellar hemisphere and cystic mass at the right occipital scalp(Fig. 1. A). T1-weighted MR image shows hypointense mass in the left cerebellar hemisphere(Fig. 2. A). The Carotid angiography shows non-specific findings. Paramedian suboccipital approach was performed and mass was removed from the lleft cerebellar hemisphere. The cystic scalp mass was removed totally from the left cerebellar hemisphere. The cystic scalp mass was removed totally from the right occipital area. Diagnosis of dermoid cyst was confirmed pathologically by the specimens obtained from two different sites, left cerebellar hemisphere and right occipital ccalp.
Adult ; Angiography ; Brain ; Dermoid Cyst* ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Headache Disorders ; Humans ; Scalp ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

In a retrospective study of 52 patients who underwent elective surgery for cerebral arteriovenous malformation, statistical analysis of elements of AVM was undertaken, in order to discover the predictors of operative morbidity. All patients had a computed tomographic scan and the positive angiogram before surgery. Elements of AVM contains Indus, arterial feeders and draining veins. The size of nidus was classified by Yasargil's method. The results were same as below; 1) Size:Giant-6 cases, large-7 cases, moderate-7 cases, small-13 cases. 2) Arterial feeders:ACA-16 cases(23%), MCA-32 cases(45%), PCA-14 cases(20%), AnCh-4 cases(6%), SCA-1 case(1%), Post. Choroidal-2 cases(3%), Call. Marginal-1 cases(1%), Opthalmic-1 case(1%). 3) Type of venous drainage:type A-10 cases, type B-3 cases, type C-7 cases, type D-4 cases, type E-9 cases, type F-2 cases.
Humans ; Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations* ; Retrospective Studies ; Veins

The authors report the experiences of transcondylar approaches for five meningiomas in the low clivus and foramen magnum. These tumors were removed via transcondylar approach. The results show that there was no operative mortality and minimal operative morbidity;one patient had temporary oropharyngeal dysfunction. This approach offers the best direct vision of the ventral structures to low clivus and foramen magnum without additional retraction or manipulation of the brain stem.
Brain Stem ; Cranial Fossa, Posterior* ; Foramen Magnum* ; Humans ; Meningioma* ; Mortality

No abstract available.
Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine* ; Spinal Cord Diseases*

It has been postulated that central nervous system disorders characterized by convulsive seizures are caused by alterations in one or more cerebral metabolism especially in cellular energy metabolism, electrolyte metabolism and glutamate metabolism. In the present study, alterations in cerebral energy metabolism, cellular electrolyte metabolism and glutamate metabolism were studied to investigate biochemical nature of cerebral disturbances in rats injected intraperitoneally with massive doses of penicillin. Also carried out were in vitro experiments by which direct effects of penicillin on concentrations of high energy compounds and Na+, K+-ATPase activity in the brains were determined. Intraperitoneal injections of pencillin G sodium(1,000,000 I.U. per kg body weight) to rats twice daily for 3 to 5 days resulted in significant decreases in cerebral concentrations of ATP, phosphocreatine and lactate, suggesting that penicillin induces cerebral dysfunctions by inhibiting energy production. While cerebral Na+, K+-ATPase activity and brain K+ content were significantly decreased in rats with penicllin-induced cerebral dysfunctions, brain Na+ and water contents were significantly increased. Observations that, in rats with penicillin-induced cerebral dysfunctions, the fall in high-energy phosphate contents in the brain took place as rapidly as the cation shifts indicate that alterations in both energy metabolism and electrolyte metabolism in the brain may be responsible for cerebral dysfunctions induced by penicillin. These assumptions were further supported by the findings that Na+, K+-ATPase activity and high-energy phosphate contents in the isolated cerebral hemispheres were profoundly affected by the addition of penicillin to the medium in which in vitro experiment was carried out. While the activity of glutamine synthetase in the brain was increased in rats exhibiting cerebral dysfunctions induced by penicillin, the activity of glutamine dehydrogenase was significantly decreased. Significance of changes in activities of these two brain enzymes in penicillin-induced cerebral dysfunctions was not immediately understood. It may be possible, however, that penicillin may influence glutamate contents in the brain directly orindirectly through the alteration of these two brain enzyme activities so as to modify the cerebral functions.
Adenosine Triphosphate ; Animals ; Brain ; Central Nervous System Diseases ; Cerebrum ; Energy Metabolism ; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase ; Glutamic Acid ; Glutamine ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Lactic Acid ; Metabolism ; Oxidoreductases ; Penicillins* ; Phosphocreatine ; Rats ; Seizures

It is the purpose of this study to determine the benificial effect of treatment with methylprednisolone on the enhancement of Na+, K+-ATPase activity and the increased ATP level during the 4 hours after a 400gm-cm injury to the spinal cord of cat. These results demonstrate that high dose (30mg/kg) of methylprednisolone can benificially enhance the activity of neuronal Na+, K+-ATPase during the first 4 hour after spinal cord injury. But the enhancement of this enzyme activity is not significantly increased with mega dose (60mg/kg) of methylprednisolone. Tissue level of ATP in the high dose-treated cat at 1 hour after trauma was significantly elevated, but those in high dose-treated cat at 4 hour and the 1 and 4 hours with mega dose-treated groups were not significantly increased. The protective effects of methylprednisolone in experimental spinal cord trauma are the enhancement of Na+, K+-ATPase, inhibition of the free-radical reaction and the lipid peroxidation, the increment of neuronal activity and ATP utilization. High dose(30mg/kg) of methylprednisolone is required in order to produce the acute effect in the early phase experimental spinal cord injury.
Adenosine Triphosphate ; Animals ; Cats ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Methylprednisolone* ; Neurons ; Spinal Cord Injuries* ; Spinal Cord*

The energy metabolism of the brain has been measured in cat model using high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). The experimental groups were divided into three according to the duration of ischemia. In 1- and 3-hour ischemia groups, recirculation had increased the ATP, UTP and GTP significantly to 39-49%, 53-57% and 39-62% of the sham control value respectively. Also in these groups, recirculation had increased adenylate energy charge(E.C.) to 75-82% of sham control value. Whereas there were slight increase in adenylate E.C. after recirculation in 5-hr ischemia group, with the remainders not increasing significantly. The Na+, K+-ATPase activities were not significant statistically among the groups. These results suggest that in order to prevent from the irreversible ischemic brain damage, restoration of blood flow must be accomplished within 3 hours from the onset of the acute focal ischemia in cat.
Adenosine Triphosphate ; Animals ; Brain ; Cats ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Energy Metabolism* ; Guanosine Triphosphate ; Ischemia ; Uridine Triphosphate

Balloon pulnounary valvuloplasty is an established method in the treatment of congenital valvular pulmonary stenosis. Balloon valvuloplasty was performed by using one or two balloons in a total of 19 mongrel dogs. Cross sectional area ratio ranging 145-406% was used to compare the relative sizes of the pulmonary annulus the balloon Hemodynamic changes and cardiac damages in single and double balloon groups were analyzed. Survival time of double balloon group was longer than that of single balloon group(P<0.05). Increment of the right ven?dular systolic pressure in single balloon group (mean 38 mmHg) was greater than that in double balloon group (mean 18 mmHg) (p<0.05). Decrement of the femoral arterial pressure in single balloon group (mean 87 mmHg) was greater than in double balloon group (mean 41 mmHg) (p<0.05). The locations of trauma were mainly the right ventricular free wall, the main pulmonary artery, the anterior leaflet of the pulmonary valve and in a less degree, anterior wall of the right atrium, the right ventricular outflow tract and the left pulmonary artery in the order of frequency. There were no significant differences in cardiac damages between single and double balloon groups (P>0.05). Major microscopic findings were sloughing of the endotheliu, fibrin deposition, hemorrhage, localized myocardial infarction and so on. In conclusion, double balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty is superior to single balloon technique in survival time and hemodynamics. Therefore, double, balloon technique is recommended for the pulmonary valvuloplasty.
Animals ; Arterial Pressure ; Balloon Valvuloplasty ; Blood Pressure ; Catheters* ; Dogs ; Fibrin ; Heart Atria ; Hemodynamics ; Hemorrhage ; Methods ; Myocardial Infarction ; Pulmonary Artery ; Pulmonary Valve ; Pulmonary Valve Stenosis

Balloon pulnounary valvuloplasty is an established method in the treatment of congenital valvular pulmonary stenosis. Balloon valvuloplasty was performed by using one or two balloons in a total of 19 mongrel dogs. Cross sectional area ratio ranging 145-406% was used to compare the relative sizes of the pulmonary annulus the balloon Hemodynamic changes and cardiac damages in single and double balloon groups were analyzed. Survival time of double balloon group was longer than that of single balloon group(P<0.05). Increment of the right ven?dular systolic pressure in single balloon group (mean 38 mmHg) was greater than that in double balloon group (mean 18 mmHg) (p<0.05). Decrement of the femoral arterial pressure in single balloon group (mean 87 mmHg) was greater than in double balloon group (mean 41 mmHg) (p<0.05). The locations of trauma were mainly the right ventricular free wall, the main pulmonary artery, the anterior leaflet of the pulmonary valve and in a less degree, anterior wall of the right atrium, the right ventricular outflow tract and the left pulmonary artery in the order of frequency. There were no significant differences in cardiac damages between single and double balloon groups (P>0.05). Major microscopic findings were sloughing of the endotheliu, fibrin deposition, hemorrhage, localized myocardial infarction and so on. In conclusion, double balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty is superior to single balloon technique in survival time and hemodynamics. Therefore, double, balloon technique is recommended for the pulmonary valvuloplasty.
Animals ; Arterial Pressure ; Balloon Valvuloplasty ; Blood Pressure ; Catheters* ; Dogs ; Fibrin ; Heart Atria ; Hemodynamics ; Hemorrhage ; Methods ; Myocardial Infarction ; Pulmonary Artery ; Pulmonary Valve ; Pulmonary Valve Stenosis