Since calcification or ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine was first described inJapan in 1960 by Tsukimoto, Terayama used the term of OPLL(Ossification of Posterior Longitudinal Ligament) in1964 and mainly reported in Japanese. But recently, the incidence of the OPLL has been reported increasing amongthe non-Japanese. Because of the OPLL may be associated wtih severe neurologic symptoms, which need to havesurgical decompression, exact diagnosis and analysis are necessary. The OPLL can be diagnosed by simple spine,conventional tomography, myelography and CT. Authors analysed radiologic findings of the OPLL in 8 patients, whowere diagnosed by simple spine. Conventional tomography, myelography and CT, and then performed spinal operation,at Hanyang University Hospital from March 1980 to June 1983. The results were as followings; 1. The age range wasbetween 45 and 63 years and most prevalent age was 6th decades(63%). 2. All of the patients were male. 3. All ofthe OPLL occurred in the cervical spine and predominant at the level of C3,4 (48%). 4. The most common length ofthe OPLL was 2 vertebral level. 5. Except one, which was discontinuous at the level of disc space, all of the OPLLwere continuous in length. 6. 7 of 8 OPLL were located in the midline, but one was in right. 7. The OPLL seemed tocorrelate with spondylotic changes. 8. Of all diagnostic procedure, CT provided better and exact visualization ofthe lesion with axial scan and sagittal reconstruction.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Decompression ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Incidence ; Longitudinal Ligaments ; Male ; Myelography ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Spine

The authors reviewed the clinical findings and treatment results of 12 cases of spinal meningeal cysts which were detected in MRI of low back patients. In these lesions, large cysts without CSF communication can compressed the nerve roots within spinal canal and it is difficult to confirm the cause of symptom whether it is originated from cysts or from associated spinal disorders. The terms and classifications of spinal meningeal cysts were very confusing. Among 12 cases, we excised 3 cases of large cysts with gluteal and perianal pains that were caused by compressed sacral nerve roots. All three cases were type 2 cyst (classified by Nabors) and located in sacral canal. In one case associated with isthmic spondylolisthesis, posterolateral fusion and pedicle screw fixations were combined with cyst excision. In other two cases, there were not any spinal pathologic findings that compressed sacral nerve roots except mild degenerative changes and intervertebral disc herniation in lower lumbar and sacral levels All 3 excised cases showed good prognosis in more than one year follow up. The other cases were treated conservatively for the associated spinal disorders.
Classification ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Prognosis ; Radiculopathy ; Spinal Canal ; Spondylolisthesis

No abstract available.
Nevus*

Until recently, the etiology of schizophrenia was generally attributed to abnormalities in dopaminergic neurotransmission. Specifically, an excess of dopaminergic activity in the mesolimbic system has been postulated to produce the positive symptoms, while decreased dopaminergic activity in the mesocortical system has been suggested to cause negative symptoms. Accordingly, we performed an association study of schizophrenia with TH gene. Three hundred and seventy four biologically unrelated schizophrenic patients meeting DSM-III-R criteria from Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital affiliated with Catholic university of Korea were recruited for our study. The 393 healthy controls were volunteers for DNA library of Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital without personal or family history of psychiatric and neurologic illness. DNA was extracted from peripheral mononuclear cells and polymorphic region was amplified by polymerase chain reaction. TH intron 1 VNTR polymorphism was typed by silver staining. The allele distributions of TH gene were not different between schizophrenics and controls. However, the frequency of allele A was significantly higher in positive group than that of negative group of schizophrenics. These findings suggest that poitive schizophrenia may be associated with allele A of TH gene.
Alleles ; DNA ; Gene Library ; Genetics ; Humans ; Introns* ; Korea ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Schizophrenia ; Silver Staining ; Synaptic Transmission ; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase* ; Tyrosine* ; Volunteers

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of recombinant human leukemia inhibitory factor on in vitro development of 1-cell ICR mouse embryo. MATERIALS AND METHOD: ICR mice were superovulated with PMSG/hCG and 1-cell stage mouse embryos were recruited. 1-cell mouse embryo were cocultured on human oviductal cells in a CO2 incubator (coculture group) and were cultured on 0.4% BSA+HTF media (control group). And anti-hLIF Ab was added the cocultured group in a different concentration (1pg, 10pg, 100pg, 1ng) and developmental rate was compaired to the control group, and rhLIF was added to the preincubated 0.4% BSA+HTF media in a different concentration (2000U, 1000U, 100U, 10U) and its developmental rate was compaired to group which was cultured on 0.4% BSA+HTF media only. RESULT: 1. The cleavage rate of 2-cell mouse embryo co-cultured with human tubal epithelial cell was significantly higher than that of cultured with media alone (HTF with 0.4% BSA) (p<0.05). 2. When LIF antibody was added to the medium with human tubal epitherlial cell, the mouse embryo could not cleave more than 2-cell in 1 ng of LIF antibody, and less than 1 ng, the cleavage rate was lower than cultured without LIF antibody group(p<0.05). 3. Two cell blocked ICR mouse embryos were developed into four cells under LIF(p<0.05), but no further development was observed. CONCLUSIONS: These results shows that LIF enhances the development of preimplantation embryo, and when rhLIF is applicated in vitro, it has positive effects on the development of early mouse embryo and can help overcoming the two-cell block.
Animals ; Blastocyst* ; Coculture Techniques* ; Embryonic Structures ; Epithelial Cells ; Humans ; Incubators ; Leukemia Inhibitory Factor* ; Leukemia* ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Oviducts

OBJECTIVES: Alcoholism is known to be a heritable disease. It has been hypothesized that dopamineergic systems play an important heritable role in human behavor related to alcohol dependence, such as alcohol seeking. Therefore, genes involved in this pathway, including dopamine transporter(DAT1) which is responsible for taking released dopamine back up into presynaptic terminals and terminating dopaminergic activity, are potential candidate that may affect susceptibility to alcoholism. Analysis of a 40-base pair(bp)repeat(VNTR)in the 3'untranslated region of the DAT1 gene revealed variable number of the repeat ranging from 3 to 11 copies. Therefore, in the present study, we examined the association between alcoholism and VNTR polymorphism of DAT1. METHODS: Genomic DNA analysis with polymerase chain reaction(PCR)was used to identify the presence of a VNTR polymorphism. It was carried out within a group of 94 alcoholic patients and 113 normal controls. RESULTS: 1)There were no significant differences in allelic or genotype frequencies between the group of alcoholic patients and controls. 2)There were no significant differences in the first drinking age, onset age and latency of alcoholism according to DAT1 genotypes. 3)There was a significant difference in allelic frequencies between alcoholics with family history and those without family history. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggested that VNTR polymorphism of DAT1 is unlikely to be a factor in the genetic etiology of alcoholism, but might be related to familial transmission of alcoholism.
Age of Onset ; Alcoholics ; Alcoholism* ; DNA ; Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins* ; Dopamine* ; Drinking ; Genotype ; Humans ; Presynaptic Terminals

PURPOSE: We performed this study to evaluate the changes of total leukocytes and leukocyte types in CSF and peripheral blood (PB) in the early course of aseptic meningitis. METHODS: One hundred and eighty-nine children with aseptic meningitis, who were admitted to the Pediatric Department of Dong-A University Hospital during the period from June 1996 to October 1997 were included. Patients were divided into 4 groups by 12-hour intervals according to the time between the onset of illness and initial diagnostic lumbar puncture. We analyzed clinical pictures, total leukocytes and leukocyte types in CSF and peripheral blood (PB) in each group. RESULTS: 1) There was no significant difference in average total leukocyte counts in CSF between each group, and all groups were considered to be acute stage of illness. 2) The PMNL proportion of CSF leukocytes was 57.0+/-31.6% in group I, 44.1+/-32.3% in group II, 39.4+/-33.1% in group III and 26.9+/-27.9% in group IV. The PMNL percentage was significantly higher in group I than group III and IV and the proportion of patients with a predominance of PMNL was higher in group I than group III and IV (p<0.05) 3) The proportion of neutrophils in PB was highest in group I (76.5+/-15.7%) and significantly higher in group I and II than group III and IV (p<0.05). 4) Significant correlations were found between the proportion of PMNL in CSF and PB of patients (r=0.62, p<0.001) CONCLUSION: The change from a predominance of PMNL to a predominance of mononucler leukocytes was occurred 12-24 hours after onset, and there was a strong correlation between the proportion of neutrophils in CSF and PB.
Cerebrospinal Fluid* ; Child ; Humans ; Leukocyte Count ; Leukocytes* ; Meningitis, Aseptic* ; Neutrophils ; Spinal Puncture

A 35-year-old housewife was diagnosed with onychomycosis and treated by oral terbinafine, 250mg/day, for 4 months. Clinically all infected nails improved gradually. However, her left great toe-nail was not improved thereafter. At that time the proximal end of the onychomycotic lesion was marked with surgical blade, and terbinafine therapy was continued for four weeks. However, the onychomycotic nail was not improved, and the scratch mark passed by the proximal end of the infected nail. Therefore, we detected the resistance to the therapy and switched the medication to itraconazole 100 mg/day and then another scratch mark was done at the proximal end of the onychomycotic lesion. After another 2 weeks the infected nail went along with the scratch mark distally, and showed clinical improvement. After 8 weeks therapy of itraconazole, she was cured clinically and mycologically. The fungal culture was identified as Aspergillus sydowii.
Adult ; Aspergillus* ; Humans ; Itraconazole ; Onychomycosis*

The measurement of blood pressure in neonates is an important diagnostic procedure. But the measurement of blood pressure has not been performed routinely because of difficulty in measuring blood pressure and variable normal range according to measuring apparatus. Recently some accurate and convenient apparatus of measuring blood pressure have been introduced in neonatal care, so the reference values of neonatal blood pressure may be obtainable. The authors measured systolic and diastolic blood pressure using a noninvasive oscillometric monitor instrument on 1,3,6,12,24,48,72 hours of life in 200 neonates born at Eulji General Hospital, Taejon. And we analysed the results according to birth weight, gestational age, delivery type, sex, meconium stain, preeclampsia and hypocalcemia. The following results were obtained: 1) On the 1st day of life, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were 65.611.7 mmHg and 36.7+/-5.8 mmHg in the normal birth weight neonates, and 56.2+/-6.7 mmHg and 34.14.2 mmHg in the low birth weight neonates, respectively. So the blood pressure of normal birth weight neonates were higher than that of low birth weight neonates. 2) On the 1st day of life, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were 65.5+/-11.8 mmHg and 36.6+/-5.8 mmHg in the fullterm neonates, and 57.6+/-5.2 mmHg and 35.6+/-3.8 mmHg in the preterm neonates, respectively. So the blood pressure of full term neonates were higher than that of preterm neonates. 3) The difference of blood pressure in analysis according to birth weight were wider than that according to gestational age. 4) The blood pressure of neonates were lowest on the 3 hours of life and increased gradually during 72 hours of life. 5) The blood pressure of neonates did not show any significant difference in analysis according to sex. delivery type, Meconium stain, preeclampsia, and hypocalcemia.
Birth Weight ; Blood Pressure* ; Daejeon ; Gestational Age ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Hypocalcemia ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn* ; Meconium ; Oscillometry ; Pre-Eclampsia ; Reference Values

Recently, intracameral injection of 1% unperserved lidocaine was intro-duced as a supplement to the topical anesthesia in cataract operations. We evaluated the effect of intracameral lidocaine on the corneal endothelium. One hundred eyes of 90 patients undergone scleral tunnel incision and phacoemulsification with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation were divided into 2 group according to the methods of anesthesia. Topical anesthesia with intracameral injection of 0.2 of 1% unpreserved lidocaine was used to the 50 eyes of 45 patients[group 1] and pinpoint anestesia to the rest[group 2]. Specular microscopy using non-contact specular microscope was done preoperatively, 1 week, 1 month and 3 months postoperatively to compare the endothelial morphologic changes between the 2 groups. The reduction of central corneal endothelial cell density at 3 months postoperatively was 9.45% in Group 1 and 8.74% in Group 2. The difference between the 2 groups was not significant statistically[p>0.1]. Postoperative changes in coefficient of variation[polymegathism] and hexagonality[pleomorphism] were not significantly different between the 2 groups either[p>0.1]. We therefore concluded that intracameral injection of 1% unpreserved lidocaine does not adversely affect the corneal endothelial cell function and morphology and may safely be used as a supplement to topical anesthesia in cataract surgeries.
Anesthesia ; Cataract* ; Endothelial Cells ; Endothelium, Corneal* ; Humans ; Lens Implantation, Intraocular ; Lidocaine* ; Microscopy ; Phacoemulsification