No abstract available.
Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell* ; Vagina*

BACKGROUND: In inducing anesthesia for burn patients, nondepolarizing muscle relaxant (NDMR) is usually used, because succinylcholine, a widely used muscle relaxant may cause hyperkalemia. It is well known that because burn patients show resistance to NDMR, a high dose of NDMR is needed for them. In this study, we wanted to know whether there is significant difference of the relaxation effect between 0.1 mg/Kg and 0.15 mg/Kg dose's of vecuronium, and between burn and unburn patients. METHODS: Subjects are 40 male patients having 1 or 2 ASA physical status (20 are burn patients and the other 20 are unburn patients). We divided them into 4 groups; 1) Group BI (burn patients, vecuronium 0.1 mg/Kg) 2) Group BII (burn Pts, vecuronium 0.15 mg/Kg) 3) Group UBI (unburn Pts, vecuronium 0.1 mg/Kg) 4) Group UBII (unburn Pts, vecuronium 0.15 mg/Kg). Average onset times (time from injection of vecuronium to zero first twitch height (T1)) were measured and intubating condition were scored on 0 to 4 scale. RESULTS: The onset time of vecuronium and distribution of intubation scores didn't show statistical differences among 4 groups. CONCLUSION: The onset time of vecuronium and intubating condition in burn patients dosen't show a difference from unburn patient.
Anesthesia ; Burns ; Burns, Electric* ; Humans ; Hyperkalemia ; Intubation ; Intubation, Intratracheal* ; Male ; Neuromuscular Blockade* ; Neuromuscular Monitoring ; Relaxation ; Succinylcholine ; Vecuronium Bromide*

PURPOSE: This study was carried out to survey the serum anti-PRP titers after the completion of a primary series with 3 doses of the PRP-T conjugate vaccine(ACT-HIBTM), to evaluate the necessity of booster vaccination. METHODS: One hundred twenty healthy infants who went for consultations at Moon Hwa hospital between December 1999 to May 2001 were vaccinated at two, four and six months after birth. The serum antibody levels were measured at 7-8 months and 19-20 months of age by the "Farr" type of radioimmunological method at Aventis Pasteur International in France. RESULTS: The geometric mean of Anti-PRP titers were 24.6 microgram/mL at 7-8 months and then fell to 2.10 microgram/mL at 19-20 months. Minimum Anti-PRP titer was 0.75 microgram/mL at 7-8 months, and 0.1 microgram/mL at 19-20 months. Maximum Anti- PRP titer was 99.2 microgram/mL at 7-8 months, and 9.1 microgram/mL at 19-20 months. Subjects of Anti-PRP titers more than 0.15 microgram/mL were 100% at 7-8 months, and 97.0% at 19-20 months, and subjects of Anti-PRP titers more than 1.0 microgram/mL were 98.3% at 7-8 months, and 61.6% at 19-20 months. CONCLUSION: The Anti-PRP titers at 7-8 months were very high but rapidly decreased at 19-20 months of age, so the necessity of booster vaccination could be considered in Korean children.
Child ; France ; Haemophilus influenzae* ; Haemophilus* ; Humans ; Infant ; Parturition ; Referral and Consultation ; Vaccination*

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in Korean women since 2001 and needs national interests. The incidence of breast cancer is increasing with new breast cancer cases reaching more than 10,000 cases annually. But, there are some difficulties in breast cancer control; first, the National Cancer Screening Program is ineffective and of low quality, second, the lack of psychosocial care for mastectomized patients, third, the lack of national care for terminal cancer patients. For effective breast cancer control, we need special support for breast cancer awareness campaign, activation of breast cancer registry, development of clinical practice guideline, development of hospice program, breast cancer research, and upgrading its guarantee on breast cancer treatment. The Korean Breast Cancer Society should have the leading role in solving the current problems, but moreover, we cannot overemphasize the need for national support.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Early Detection of Cancer ; Female ; Hospice Care ; Humans ; Incidence

Malignant transformation of heterotopic pancreas is extremely rare. We report a case of ductal adenocarcinoma arising from heterotopic pancreas in the stomach of a 64-year-old man. Preoperative CT scans showed the lesion as a submucosal mass along the greater curvature of the pyloric antrum and protruding into the pyloric canal. After gastric surgery, the resected tumor was histopathologically diagnosed as a ductal adenocarcinoma arising from heterotopic pancreas with cystic dilatation of aberrant pancreatic duct.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Dilatation ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Pancreas* ; Pancreatic Ducts ; Pyloric Antrum ; Stomach* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Diabetic nephropathy is characterized by an expansion of the glomerular mesangium, caused by mesangial cell proliferation and an excessive accumulation of extracellar matrix (ECM) proteins, which eventually leading to glomerulosclerosis. TGF-beta1 was found to play an important role in the accumulation of ECM in the kidney. In this study, TGF-beta1 RNA interference was used as an effective therapeutic strategy. The inhibitory effect of TGF-beta1 small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) on the high glucose-induced overexpression of TGF-beta1 in rat mesangial ceys (RMCs). A high levels of glucose induces TGF-beta1 mRNA and protein, and TGF-beta1 siRNAs reduce the ability of high glucose to stimulate their expression. We also examined the inhibitory effect of TGF-beta1 siRNAs on the expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 and Collagen Type I which are down-regulators of TGF-beta1. The expression of TGF-beta1, PAI-1 and Collagen Type I was increased in RMCs that were stimulated by 30 mM glucose. TGF-beta1 siRNAs reduces high glucose-induced TGF-beta1, PAI-1, and Collagen Type I mRNA and protein expression in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that TGF-beta1 siRNAs effectively inhibits TGF-beta1 mRNA and protein expression in RMCs. These suggest that TGF-beta1 siRNAs through RNAi may be a useful tool for developing new therapeutic applications for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy.
Transforming Growth Factor beta1/*metabolism ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rats ; RNA, Small Interfering/*metabolism ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Mesangial Cells/*metabolism ; Male ; Glucose/*metabolism ; Glomerular Mesangium/*metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Diabetic Nephropathies/pathology ; Collagen Type I/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Cell Proliferation ; Animals

Sodium nitroprusside given by intravenous drip has been used to control hypertensive crises since 1929. Its evanescent action makes it suitable for controlled hypotension during general anesthesia with enflurane. The patients (n=10) were all undergoing Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation for the operative treatment of scoliosis or spinal stenosis. Hemodynamic variables were obtained during administration of sodium nitroprusside. Mean arterial pressure was decreased to 50-60mmHg, while cardiac output, central venous pressure, systemic vascular resistance showed only minor changes. The average dosage of sodium nitroprusside (ug/kg/ min), plotted against age, showed a significant correlation (p<0.05, r= -0.63). The amonut of whole blood transfused during operation was 5.7+/-2.2 units (mean+/-SD) and postoperative hemoglobin and hematocrit (11.19+/-1.21g/dl, 33.49+/-3.79%, respectively, mean+/-SD) were singificantly lowered than preoperative hemoglobin and hematocrit (12.94+/-1.78g/dl, 37.22+/-4.88%, respectively, mean+/-SD) (hemoglobin: p<0.004, hematoorit: p<0.006).
Anesthesia, General* ; Arterial Pressure ; Cardiac Output ; Cardiovascular System* ; Central Venous Pressure ; Enflurane* ; Hematocrit ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Hypotension* ; Hypotension, Controlled ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Nitroprusside* ; Scoliosis ; Sodium* ; Spinal Stenosis ; Vascular Resistance

PURPOSE: H rthle cell neoplasm of the thyroid gland is a rare disease. The reported cases in Korea are not so many; thus, there has been a lack of common therapeutic and prognostic guidance. METHODS: The cases of 15 patients with a H rthle cell neoplasm of the thyroid gland, hospitalized at Seoul National University Hospital from Nov. 1981 to Feb. 1998, were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: There were 4 males and 11 females. The ages varied from 23 to 69 years old (mean: 46.3 years old). Among them, 13 had neck masses with a mean size of 3.3 cm (1.2-6.0 cm), and the mean duration of the symptom was 4 years (5 months-8 years). Of the other two, one had laryngeal discomfort for 2 months, and the other one was diagnosed through a fine needle aspiration follow-up. One of the 15 patients had hyperthyroidism whereas the others had euthyroidism. The thyroid scans for 10 of them showed cold nodules. The operations consisted of a unilateral lobectomy in 2 cases, a unilateral lobectomy and isth mectomy in 11 cases, a unilateral lobectomy, isthmectomy and contralateral partial lobectomy in 1 case, and a total thyroidectomy and neck lymph node dissection in the 1 case that was combined with a papillary carcinoma. Thirteen patients (86.7%) had a H rthle cell adenoma, and two of them (13.3%) had a H rthle cell carcinoma. The mean duration of follow-up was 33 months (range 1 month-12 years), and no recurrence or death occurred during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of H rthle cell neoplasms is higher in women and the sex ratio is 1:2.8. The incidence of H rthle cell carcinomas among H rthle cell neoplasms is 13.3% (2/15). We found no specific clinical features for differentiating a H rthle cell adenoma from a H rthle cell carcinoma and no factors for adequate operative methods and prognosis due to the rarity of the condition and the short duration of the follow-up. Because of the low incidence of H rthle cell neoplasms and our limited experience, not only co-research of centers but also pathologic research is needed.
Adenoma ; Aged ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Carcinoma, Papillary ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hyperthyroidism ; Incidence ; Korea ; Lymph Node Excision ; Male ; Neck ; Prognosis ; Rare Diseases ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Seoul ; Sex Ratio ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroidectomy

Skin fibrotic disorders are understood to develop under the influence of various cytokines, such as transforming growth factor(TGF)-beta1, connective tissue growth factor(CTGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). To establish an appropriate animal model of skin fibrosis by exogenous application of growth factors, the author investigated the in vivo effects of growth factors by injecting recombinant TGF-beta1 protein and pCMV- Flag5-CTGF into the subcutaneous tissue of Sprague- Dawley rats. A single application of TGF-beta1 protein and CTGF DNA resulted in the formation of transient granulation tissue. Immunohistochemical finding showed increased expression of TGF-beta1 protein after injection of pCMV-Flag5-CTGF. In situ hybridization analysis revealed the expression of CTGF mRNA after injection of TGF-beta1 protein. VEGF expression was not affected by the TGF-beta1 and CTGF injection. These findings suggest TGF-beta1 and CTGF are deeply related with skin fibrosis and it appears that TGF-beta1 may cause the induction of CTGF expression. The animal model on skin fibrosis by exogenous application of TGF-beta1 protein and CTGF DNA developed in this study may be useful for future studies on fibrotic disorders.
Animals ; Cicatrix* ; Connective Tissue ; Connective Tissue Growth Factor ; Cytokines ; DNA ; Fibrosis ; Granulation Tissue ; In Situ Hybridization ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Models, Animal ; Rats* ; RNA, Messenger ; Skin ; Subcutaneous Tissue ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1* ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A*

Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is uncommon and known to affect in middle-aged adults, with rare reports of occurrences in children. Although frequently involving the pleura, recent reports show that SFT may also involve extrapleural sites. SFT is known as a benign tumor, but in some cases SFT recurs, invades locally, or shows malignant transformation. We experienced a case of SFT that developed in the axilla of a 4-year-old girl with multiple congenital anomalies with constitutional chromosomal abnormality of 46,XX[44]/47,XX,+mar[11]. Her tumor could not be surgically resected due to the patient's multiple anomalies including congenital heart disease, chronic lung problem and seizure disorder. She died of congestive heart failure with respiratory failure due to tumor growth. This report is meaningful not only because SFT affected a pediatric patient with a constitutional chromosomal abnormality, but also because the tumor originated from the axillary area, a site of origin rarely reported for SFTs.
Adult ; Axilla ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Epilepsy ; Female ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Heart Failure ; Humans ; Lung ; Pleura ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Solitary Fibrous Tumors