This study was to evaluate stressful events approximately 3 weeks prior to the onset of alopecia, and neuroticism of patients, by questionnaires to 59 patients and 37 controls. Questionnaires are composed of two parts ; social readjustment rating scale proposed in Korea (Stress Score) and Eysenck's Mausley personality inventory (Neuroticism Score). The results are as follows: 1. By age and sex distributions of patients, the majority occured between 20 and 39 years of age (approximately 80%), mean age was 32.39+/-10.3 years old, and female patients outnumbered male patients by 36:23 ratio. 2. For stress score, patients group was higher than control, 94.80+/-75.7, vs 53.33+/-67.0 (p<0.01). 3. For neuroticism score, patients group was higher than control, 14.39+/-6.6 vs 10.00+/-6.5 (p<0.01). 4. The stress core by sex in patients group was higher in male than female patients, 114.78+/-72.4 vs 80.44+/-75.8 (p=0.08). Neuroticism core was higher in female patients 16.33+/-6.5 vs 11.35+/-5.7 (p<0.01). 5. The comparision of stress score between male patients and male controls was higher in patients, 11.478+/-72.4 vs 48.18+/-57.2 (p<0.01), and neuroticism score was higher in patients, 11.35+/-5.6 vs 7.65+/-5.2 (p<0.05). The comparision of stress score between female patients and female controls was higher in patients, 80.44+/-75.8 vs 57.50+/-75.6 (p=0.14), and neuroticism core was higher in patients, 16.33+/-6.5 vs 12.2+/-6.7 (p<0.05).
Alopecia Areata* ; Alopecia* ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Life Change Events ; Male ; Personality Inventory ; Sex Distribution ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Keloid* ; Recurrence*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones* ; Rats*

BACKGROUND: We assessed the accuracy of staging in evaluation of bronchial invasion thus found the role of CT in patients who underwent resective surgery in primary lung cancer. Materials and METHODS: Authors retrospectively analized the preoperative CT scans of 156 patients receiving pneumonectomy(n=95) and lobectomy(n=61). Among lobectomy patients 7 patients subsequently performed pneumonectomy because of positive resection margin of bronchus in frozen biopsy. We also retrospect lively analized CT scans of non-operated 60 patients who Performed sufficient bronchoscopic biopsy. Bronchial wall thickness more than 3mm, irregular wall thickening find reduction of diameter by CT were defined as bronchial invasion. The pathologic examination of resection margin were positive in 20, stump recurrence occurred in 6 of the operated group, and the pathologic examination of biopsy of bronchial wall were positive in 34 of the non operated group, and these were all regarded as bronchial invasion. RESULTS: The CT assessment of bronchial invasion revealed low sensitivity (11.5%), low positive predictability(38%), but high specificity(96%) and relatively high accuracy (84%) in the operated group and higher sensitivity (62%), higher positive predictability(95%) in non-operated group. CONCLUSION: In lung cancer patients who underwent operation CT showed very low sensitivity and positive predictability In evaluation of bronchial invasion Because the usefulness of CT in evaluation of bronchial invasion is limited, therefore aggressive fiberoptic bronchoscopic biopsy is thought to be necessary before surgical attempt.
Biopsy ; Bronchi ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms* ; Lung* ; Pneumonectomy ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

This study was made to evaluate the effect of oral atenolol, a cardioselective beta-adrenergic blocking agent without intrinsic sympathomimetic activity, on left ventricular function in patient with essential hypertension. Atenolol, 100mg/day, was given to 11 hypertensive patients for 4 weeks, and its effects on arterial pressure, pulse rate, left ventricular dimensions and ejection phase indices of myocardial performance were examined by echocardiography. Echocardiographic studies were performed before treatment and after 4 weeks of atenolol therapy. Arterial pressure fell form 145/90 mmHg to 138/84mmHg after 4 weeks. Pulse rate fell significantly from 69/min to 58/min(p<0.05). Left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic dimensions and mean rate of circumferential fiber shortening(mVcf) did not change significantly. Ejection fraction increased significantly from 0.66 to 0.72(p=0.01). This results indicate that atenolol in the resting state has no depressant effect on left ventricular function in patients with essential hypertension.
Arterial Pressure ; Atenolol* ; Echocardiography ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Ventricular Function, Left*

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of recombinant human leukemia inhibitory factor on in vitro development of 1-cell ICR mouse embryo. MATERIALS AND METHOD: ICR mice were superovulated with PMSG/hCG and 1-cell stage mouse embryos were recruited. 1-cell mouse embryo were cocultured on human oviductal cells in a CO2 incubator (coculture group) and were cultured on 0.4% BSA+HTF media (control group). And anti-hLIF Ab was added the cocultured group in a different concentration (1pg, 10pg, 100pg, 1ng) and developmental rate was compaired to the control group, and rhLIF was added to the preincubated 0.4% BSA+HTF media in a different concentration (2000U, 1000U, 100U, 10U) and its developmental rate was compaired to group which was cultured on 0.4% BSA+HTF media only. RESULT: 1. The cleavage rate of 2-cell mouse embryo co-cultured with human tubal epithelial cell was significantly higher than that of cultured with media alone (HTF with 0.4% BSA) (p<0.05). 2. When LIF antibody was added to the medium with human tubal epitherlial cell, the mouse embryo could not cleave more than 2-cell in 1 ng of LIF antibody, and less than 1 ng, the cleavage rate was lower than cultured without LIF antibody group(p<0.05). 3. Two cell blocked ICR mouse embryos were developed into four cells under LIF(p<0.05), but no further development was observed. CONCLUSIONS: These results shows that LIF enhances the development of preimplantation embryo, and when rhLIF is applicated in vitro, it has positive effects on the development of early mouse embryo and can help overcoming the two-cell block.
Animals ; Blastocyst* ; Coculture Techniques* ; Embryonic Structures ; Epithelial Cells ; Humans ; Incubators ; Leukemia Inhibitory Factor* ; Leukemia* ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Oviducts