This study was designed to evaluate the biological behavior of the dysplastic lesion of the stomach by applying immunohistochemical method for bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd). The results obtained were as follows. 1) In most hyperplastic and dysplastic lesions, the proliferative cell zones, loci of BrdUrd-labelled cells, were found in the upper later of the mucosa, whereas they were confined to the neck zone in the normal gastric mucosa. 2) The labelling indices (LIs), percentages of BrdUrd-labelled cells, were 11.0% to 13.6% in the normal gastric mucosa, and were 14.3% to 17.9%, 16.4% to 19.2% and 17.4% to 20.7% in the simple hyperplasia, in the atypical hyperplasia and in the dysplasia, respectively. These findings suggested that proliferative potential in hyperplasia and dysplasia were greater than that in normal gastric mucosa, the higher the grade of dysplasia being, the greater the proliferative potentials.

Many investigators were interested in the pathogenesis and the relationship between microscopical features and clinical behavior of hydatidiform mole. Trophoblastic cells in the trophoblastic disease were intensively examined histologically, ultrastructurally, immunohistochemically, and with hormone assay method, etc. But ultrastructural study on the stroma of hydatidiform mole was scarcely reported. In this paper, hydatidiform mole was examined at light and electron microscopic levels, with emphasis on the stroma. The results were as follows: 1) Hydropic degeneration of H-mole is more severe in the center of stroma and is not related with the degree of trophoblastic proliferation. Hofbauer cell and vascular structure are extremely rarely observed in the periphery of stroma which has relatively preserved cellular components. 2) Basement membrane is sometimes separated from trophoblastic layer. Degenerated cells in the stroma contain vacuoles, autophagosomes, and lipid droplets. Collagen is abundant in the loose interstitium. Hofbauer cells have no lysosome or phagosome. Vascular lumen is patient and endothelial cells are degenerated. From the above results, H-mole may be produced due to abnormal changes of trophoblasts and stromal changes may be a secondary process, so called autolysis. Hofbauer cells are not engaged in the stromal degeneration and may be different from usual tissue macrophages.

Reactive mesothelial cells are frequently found in the smear, of body fludid dffusion when associated with liver cirrhosis, pulmonary tuberculosis, congestive heart failure or pulmonary infarction. But it is not easy to differentiate these reactive mesothelial cells from macrophages or various types of malignant cells. In order to investigate the morphology of hyperplastic mesothelial cells, in comparison with the various types of malignant cells in the effusion, this experiment was designed. The tissue reaction was evoked by intraperitoneal injection of 2.5 ml of 2% Talcum suspension. The results obtained were as follows: 1) On light microscopic observation of the tissure, until 5 days, cytoplasm and nucleus of mesothelial cells became larger and nucleoi became prominent. After then, cytoplasm and nucleus became smaller and at 28 days after injection of Talcum suspension, cellular features became similar to those of normal ones. 2) On cytologic observation of touch print specimens, hyperplastic mesothelial cells became round to oval, and their cytoplasm became conspicuous. Nuclei were vesicular, and nucleoi were prominent. N/C ratio was decreased than normal. 3) On electron microscopic observation, hyperplastic mesothelial cells did not have microvilli, but had a few cytoplasmic globular projections, loosely approximated cellular junctions, larger and more abundant intracytoplaomic vesicles when compared with normal one. Chromatin clumping, irregular thickening of nuclear membrane and prominent nucleoi were also noted.

In order to know the species and frequency of human parasitic infection diagnosed by biopsy, 149 cases (0.18%) of parasitic infection were reviwed, which were selected from 80,947 biopsied materials submitted for routine histopathological examination during a period of 10 years from 1980 to 1989 at Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Hospital. They consisted of 112 cases of cysticercosis, 17 paragonimiasis, 7 clonorchiasis, 4 amebiasis, 1 sparganosis, 1 enterbiasis, 1 aniskiasis, and 1 fascioliasis respectively. Based on morphological preservation of cysticercus, they could be divided into mild (20.2%), morderate (40.4%), and severe (39.4%) degeneration. Except 2 cases biopsied at the lungs, 15 cases of ectopic paragonimiasis were located at abdominal cavity (8 cases) and central nervous system (7 cases). One case of intrahepatic fascioliasis was observed. This is the 13th human fascioliasis reported in Korea. From the above results, the frequency of parasitic infections found in biopsied specimens was on the decrease as the cysticercosis and ectopic paragonimiasis.
parasitology-helminth-cestoda-nematoda-trematoda ; biopsy ; histopathology ; tissue parasite ; cysticercose ; ectopic ; Enterobius vermicularis ; Taenia solium ; Paragonimus westermani ; Clonorchis sinensis ; Entamoeba histolytica ; Anisakis ; Fasciola sp. ; paragonimiasis ; fascioliasis

It awakens interest that the frequency of carcinoma of the uterine cervix is the highest among the carcinomas among the Korean women, althouth it is not so high among Westerns. It is admitted that the exfolicative cytologic technique is useful not only as a screening test for early detection of cervical cancer and its precursor lesions but also as a tool for follow-up, because it is accurate, economical, and easy to perform. But it remains to be solved that the false negativity of the cytologic diagnosis is relatively high. Five hundred and sevently two cases of cytology specimens, confirmed by either colposcopic biopsy or cone biopsy, were studied among 15,844 cases which were submitted to the Department of Pathology, Chonnam University Hospital between October of 1982 and August of 1986. The results obtained were as follows. 1) The accuracy of the cytologic diagnosis was 69.9%, the false nagativity, 19.4% and the false positivity, 6.6%. 2) Among the causes of discrepancies between cytologic diagnosis and histologic diagnosis, error in cytology reading was the most frequent (57%), error in cell collection was the second frequent (43.7%), and error in biopsy location was the least frequent (5.3%). 3) Among the 38 cases of false positive diagnosis, the percentage of error in cytology reading was 82.3%, and that of error in biopsy location was 20.7%. Among the 105 cases of false negative diagnosis, the percentage of error in cytology reading was 50.5%, and the percentage of error in cell collection was 56.6%.
Female ; Humans ; Biopsy

The oncogenes, which have been detected in various human solid tumors, transform culture cells, and the level of m-RNA specific for an oncogene increases in the cellular extract of the tumor cells. These findings suggested that oncogene expression was closely related with carcinogenesis. Recently, oncogen products were considered as tumor markers, but it was not confirmed that the relationship between quantitative change of oncogene product and malignant potential of a neoplasm. To evaluate the relationship between the quantitative change of oncogene product and malignant potential, immunohistochemical staining for the ras and myc oncogene products was performed in the sections of papilloma and transitional cell carcinoma of urinary bladder. 1) Positive reaction of c-ras oncogene product was noted along the cell membrane and in the cytoplasm, and c-myc oncogene product in the nucleus, and along the unclear membrane and cell membrane. 2) Tissue expression of c-ras oncogene was homogeneous and strong in the transitional cell carcinoma rather than in papilloma. 3) The ratio of the positive cells with c-ras oncogene product was 35.1% in the papilloma, 79.4% in the grade I, 81.9% in the grade II, 87.6%, in the grade III of transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. There was a tendency for the ratio to increase with the degree of histological grading. 4) By the immunoperoxidase staining of c-myc oncogene product, the number of the cells showing positive nuclear staining incrased with the tumor grading.
Humans ; Tumor Markers, Biological ; Carcinogens

Biological behavior of malignant tumors has been assessed by morphological grading, clinical staging, and estimating other tumor markers. Recently DNA ploidy measured by flow cytometry and image analyser has been suggested as an additional useful indicator of the tumor behavior. In order to extract useful tumor cell-specific information in ovarian mucinous tumors, DNA contents and other morphologic parameters were measured by image analysis and DNA ploidy was also measured by flow cytometry. In all cases of cystadenoma, DNA diploidies were observed. In borderline malignancy, DNA diploidies were chiefly observed except one case of polyploidy. In true malignancy, DNA aneuploidies were observed except one case of polyploidy and two cases of diploidies by image analysis, and except four cases of diploides and one cas of polyploidy by flow cytometry. The statistical significance were observed in DNA ploidy pattern by image analysis. In nuclear areas, perimeters and major axis, statistical significance were not observed. These results suggest that DNA ploidy pattern are more or less independent parameter as an additional useful indicator of the histological grade of malignancy and that image analysis are better than flow cytometry in detecting DNA aneuploidy.
Tumor Markers, Biological

Intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia of the stomach have been stressed as precursors of gastric carcinoma of the intestinal type, although their preneoplastic nature is still debated. In this study, the cytomorphometric and cytokinetic spectra of the suggested preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions of the stomach were investigated. From the resected stomachs of early gastric carcinoma of intestinal type, areas of normal, intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia, and carcinoma were selected. They were immunostained for proliferating cell nuclear antigen, counterstained with propidium iodide, and various nuclear parameters were measured by image analysis. Normal and intestinal metaplastic mucosae differed by the localization of proliferation zone, but not by nuclear profile area, circular shape factor, and proliferation index. In dysplasia, proliferation zone covered large parts of the dysplastic area. Nuclear profile area and proliferation index were larger whereas circular shape factor was smaller than in normal or intestinal metaplasia. Carcinomatous lesion had diffuse proliferation activity, the largest nuclear profile area and proliferating index, and circular shape factor in-between those of normal or intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia. The above results showed a structural spectrum among normal of intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia, and carcinoma of intestinal type in cytomorphometric and cytokinetic terms. The structural spectrum raises the possibility that dysplasia of the stomach is a preneoplastic lesion.

Congenital malignant melanocytic schwannoma in ankle joint was not reported on literature and it was a very interesting case. Light microscopically, melaninladen cells were mixed in abundant wavy spindle cells, some mitotic cells were also observed. Ultrastructurally, melanosomes in variable stages of development were scattered in the cytoplasm which had basal lamina. Collagen bundles were abundant in the intercellular connective tissue. It was histologically malignant tumor and clinically recurred. But in non-congenital potentially malignant melanocytic schwannoma which had been reported, reccurrence or distant metastasis were not noted. So, further clinical survey may be necessary for evaluation of the malignant behavior of this neoplasm.
Neoplasm Metastasis

The pulmonary cytology has reached a high level of accuracy. By the examination of the sputum and/or bronchial brushings, it is now possible to make a diagnosis in 70% to 90% of patients with cancer. Primary melanoma of the lung is very rare and there have been reported about 20 cases in the world literature. We present a case of primary malignant melanoma of the lung in a 61-year-old male diagnosed by cytologic examination of sputum, bronchial brushing and aspirated pleural fluid. Histologic examination of bronchoscopic biopsy and examination of the skin and other primary sites confirmed the diagnosis.
Male ; Humans ; Biopsy