In order to evaluate the accuracy of endoscopic findings in the diagnosis of gastric can the endoscopic findings of gastric lesion were compared with the macroscopic and pathologic findings of excised identical lesion. 105 operated gastric cancer paitients (advanced cancer 95 cases, early cancer 10 cases) who were diagnosed endoscopically at Pusan National University Hospital from January 1983 to August 1987 were studied. The results were as follows; 1) The accuracy of endoscopic findings were 94.7% in the advanced gastric cancer, and 45.5% in the early gastric cancer. 2) The accuracy of gross findings endoscopic and pathologic in advanced gastric cancer were 50.0% in Borrmann type I, 45.0% in Borrmann type II, 73.2% in Borrmann type III, and 66.7% in Borrmann tyye IV. 3) The accuracy of the endoscopy ia morphologic classification of advanced gastric cancer according to pathologic tumor location were 60.0% in C (upper 1/3), 43.9% in M(middle 1/3),76.3% in A (lower 1/3), 55.6% in the anterior wall, 50.0% in the posterior wall, 66.7% in the greater curavature, and 67.2% in the lesser curvature. 4) The accuracy of endoacopy in morphologic classification of gastric cancer to tumor size ware 54.5% in below 2 cm, 54.5% in from 2.1 cm to 4 cm, 65.4% in from 4.1 cm to 6.0 cm, 80% in from 6.1 cm to 8 cm, 75.0% in above 8.1 cm. 5) The accuracy of endoscopy in the morphologic classification according to the pathologic tumor stage in advanced gastric cancer were 55.6% in TNM stage I, 52.0% in TNM stage II, 65.4% in TNM stage III, and 73,7% in TNM stage IV.
Busan ; Classification ; Diagnosis ; Endoscopy ; Stomach Neoplasms*

The following experiment was performed to clarify distributional change of the Mac1-positive cells at 1, 4, 8 ,12 and 40 weeks after birth. Thymuses, spleens and lymph nodes were removed and immunocytochemical staining using the specific Mac1 antibody was performed The results obtained from the present experiment were as follows : 1. Mac1-positive cell was absent at 1 week, they were increased by 4 weeks and decreased at 40 weeks in the thymus after birth. 2. There was no Mac1-positive cell in the marginal zone of the spleen at 4, 40 weeks, but they were shown at 8 weeks. 3. Mac1-positive cells were increased at 4 weeks in the subfollicular area of lymph nodes. There was no change of distribution in the lymph nodes. From the above results, we suggest that the age-related decrease of the immunity might be caused by decrease of Mac1-positive cells in the antigen-presenting area.
Animals ; Lymph Nodes* ; Mice* ; Parturition ; Spleen* ; Thymus Gland*

No abstract available.
Aneurysm*

Administration of kainate (KA) results in the induction of epileptiform activity and limbic motor seizures. Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous messenger that plays a role in neural transmission, long term potentiation, depression and cerebral blood flow. NO is formed by NO synthase (NOS) from arginine. NO mediates the increase in cerebral blood flow during seizure activity. However, the production site of NO has not been clearly defined. Recent report showed that constitutive NOS may be induced under certain conditions. Therefore, the present study was aimed to investigate the change of NOS and calbindin D28k in the rat cerebral cortex following seizure. Rats were injected with KA and killed at 6 hours, 1, 3, 6 and 12 days after seizure. Expressional change of nNOS and calbindin D28k was assessed by histochemistry, immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR in the rat brain. Induced NADPH-d positive neurons were observed in the cerebral cortex of 1, 3, 6 and 12 days after seizure and found in specific cortical areas, such as motor cortex, somatosensory cortex, auditory cortex, visual cortex, ectorhinal cortex and perirhinal cortex. The level of nNOS mRNA increased at 1, 3, 6 and 12 days after seizure compared with control group. Induced calbindin D28k positive neurons were observed in motor cortex and somatosensory cortex 1 and 3 days after seizure. The level of calbindin D28k mRNA in the cerebral cortex was slightly decreased at 1 day after seizure. Therefore, in this study, the induced NADPH-d, calbindin D28k positive neurons and upregulated NADPH-d positive neurons may influence the cerebral blood flow and neuronal activity in the cerebral cortex during post-seizure period.
Animals ; Arginine ; Auditory Cortex ; Brain ; Calbindin 1* ; Calbindins* ; Cerebral Cortex* ; Depression ; Immunohistochemistry ; Kainic Acid ; Long-Term Potentiation ; Motor Cortex ; Neurons* ; Nitric Oxide ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; Rats* ; RNA, Messenger ; Seizures ; Somatosensory Cortex ; Synaptic Transmission ; Visual Cortex

Mal de debarquement syndrome refers to the prolonged sensation of rocking and swaying that is experienced on the return to land following a sea voyage or an air travel. We report a man who developed mal de debarquement syndrome after a 4-day-boat-trip. Apogeotropic nystagmus during head turning in supine position was the only finding. Mal de debarquement syndrome should be considered in the differential diagnosis of direction-changing positional nystagmus, especially when patients do not complain of vertigo with nystagmus.
Diagnosis, Differential ; Head ; Humans ; Nystagmus, Physiologic* ; Sensation ; Supine Position ; Vertigo

To diagnose constipation accurately in self-reported constipated patients is very important not to miss organic disease and prevent therapeutic abuse. To investigate the etiology of functional constipation is also important to determine the therapeutic modality of constipation. In this systemic review, the clinical usefulness of symptom evaluation, diagnostic tests to rule out organic and systemic disease, and functional tests to discriminate underlying pathophysiology in the diagnosis of constipation were discussed. No specific symptoms or tests were available to predict organic versus functional constipation or differentiate slow transit constipation versus evacuation disorder. Therefore, collaborative studies are necessary to determine the pathophysiology of this disorder.
Blood Chemical Analysis ; Colonoscopy ; Constipation/*diagnosis/etiology ; Defecography ; Humans ; Severity of Illness Index ; Thyroid Function Tests

This study was primarily undertaken to assess the value of continuous spinal anesthesia for total hip replacements (Charnley's low friction arthroplasty), which had been done under the Filtered Air Flow System for the prevention of wound contamination due to long term exposure. The results were as follows: 1. Preoperative diagnosis was in 4 cases hip joint tuberculosis,in 2 cases avascular necreosis, in 2 cases femur fracture, and in 2 cases osteoarthritis of the hip joint. 2. Average blood loss was 2, 800 ml for a one side operation and 5, 000 ml for a bilateral one. Overall average blood loss with continuous spinal anesthesia was 2, 600 ml and with general anesthesia was 1, 725 ml, and with amount of difference being 1. 175 ml more in the spinal anesthesia group (p<0. 025). 3. In 4 eases (40%) the hypotensive range was over 30% of the preoperative level, but recovery occurred soon after administration of Effortil. 4. Practically management of a patient with continuous spinal anesthesia is easier' thai with general anesthesia for total hip replacement, with fieeing of the anesthesio1ogist'a hands for better care of the patient during anesthesia.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Anesthesia, Spinal* ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip* ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Diagnosis ; Etilefrine ; Femur ; Friction ; Hand ; Hip Joint ; Humans ; Osteoarthritis ; Wounds and Injuries

PURPOSE: Previously, we developed a new method to calculate the flow rate in the hemodialysis vascular conduit based on Bernoulli's theory for surveillance of the arteriovenous fistula (AVF) function. However, the calculated flow rate would be different from the true flow rate because due to various factors. To compare the true flow rate, with intra- conduit pressure, and the calculated flow rate, an ex vivo experimental model was developed. METHODS: The arterial end of the vascular conduit was connected to a saline-filled bottle, with the venous end connected to a flow meter to control the flow rate. By monitoring the change in the true flow rate (Q) with the flow meter, each arterial and venous static pressure (pA, pV) and total pressure (pT) were observed. Using these parameters, the intra-conduit flow rates (QA, QV) were calculated by Bernoulli's equation. Finally, we compared the pA or pV with Q, and calculated the difference between the QA or QV and Q. RESULTS: There were no statistical differences between any of the pressure measurement during the 5 consecutive 5 experiments (P<0.05). The static pressure (pA or pV) was closely correlated with Q (pA, R2=0.950, P=0.000; pV, R2= 0.952, P=0.000). The calculated flow rate (QA or QV) was not in complete in accord with Q, but was closely correlated (QA, R2=0.961, P=0.000; QV, R2=0.961, P=0.000). CONCLUSION: The pressure measurement and calculated flow rate indicate the nature of the true flow rate in the vascular conduit.
Arteriovenous Fistula ; Models, Theoretical* ; Renal Dialysis

To diagnose constipation accurately in self-reported constipated patients is very important not to miss organic disease and prevent therapeutic abuse. To investigate the etiology of functional constipation is also important to determine the therapeutic modality of constipation. In this systemic review, the clinical usefulness of symptom evaluation, diagnostic tests to rule out organic and systemic disease, and functional tests to discriminate underlying pathophysiology in the diagnosis of constipation were discussed. No specific symptoms or tests were available to predict organic versus functional constipation or differentiate slow transit constipation versus evacuation disorder. Therefore, collaborative studies are necessary to determine the pathophysiology of this disorder.
Blood Chemical Analysis ; Colonoscopy ; Constipation/*diagnosis/etiology ; Defecography ; Humans ; Severity of Illness Index ; Thyroid Function Tests

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The common complaints of the acute hepatitis patients studied involved upper gastrointestinal symptoms resembling those of dysmotility. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in the electrogastrographic findings and gastric fullness before and after feeding rice soup to patients with acute hepatitis. METHODS: The study was performed on 30 patients with acute hepatitis and 41 in a normal control group. Abdominal surface electrogastrography was applied for 30 minutes under a fasting state and 30 minutes after feeding. RESULTS: Patients with acute hepatitis showed a higher level of gastric fullness in both the fasting and postprandial state in comparison to the control group. Significant differences were found in a percentage of postprandial 3 cpm and fasting, and fed tachygastria between the two groups. The percentage of 3 cpm slow wave (unclear) increased by the same amount as the control group after eating. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the power ratio. CONCLUSION: Upper gastrointestinal symptoms of acute hepatitis did not appear to be related to the change in gastric myoeletrical activity. Other factors including neurological, endocrinological, and emotional should be evaluated.
Eating ; Fasting ; Hepatitis* ; Humans