In order to find out health problems among inhabitants in slum areas in Kwanak-Ku, Seoul, a series of health survey was conducted upon 510 households by interview from March to December, 1976. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Employments of householders were unstable; Out of 508 householders, 164(32.3%) were unemployed and 184(36.2%) were daily or temporary employees. 2. Average number of households per house was 2.0 and average area of residential room per person was 4.0m2. 3. 476(93.3%) out of 510 households were supplied with tap water and rest of them made use of ground water as a source of drinking water. 4. Only 279(18.3%) out of 1527 live births were delivered at medical facilities, 496(32.7%) were at home attended by doctors or midwives and 358(25.1%) took prenatal care. The above findings were worse in urban slum area than in other urban area of relatively high economic level, but were better than in rural area of less medical facilities. 5. Initiation of treatment were delayed until their illnesses were advanced in most of the households, 472(92.5%) out 510. In the early stage of the illness, 131(25.6%) of the households sought physicians in their clinics or general hospitals and 250(40.9%) visited chemists, to buy drugs at first hand. Frequency of visits to physician increased to 52.8% as the disease aggravated in later stages. 6. Cost of medical expenditure per household amounted to 815 won, and was paid to, in the order of chemists, physicians, chinese herb stores, chinese herb doctors. 7. Concerning the health knowledge of the inhabitants, 273(53.9%) out of 506 respondents were aware of the infectivity of pulmonary tuberculosis, and 68(13.4%) of them checked regularly their chest findings by X-ray at least once every two years. 8. As for the family planning, although 448(87.3%) out of 510 respondents were in favor of it, 213(41.8%) of them were actually practicing contraception. 9. About 40.6% (125 respondents) of them obtained information and knowledge concerning contraception through personal contact with family planning workers. 10. Nutritional status of housewives was generally poor: 49(38.3%) out of 128 housewives were found to be anemic and average serum protein level was 7.5+/-0.82 g/dl.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Contraception ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Drinking Water ; Family Characteristics ; Family Planning Services ; Groundwater ; Hand ; Health Expenditures ; Health Surveys ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Live Birth ; Midwifery ; Nutritional Status ; Poverty Areas* ; Prenatal Care ; Seoul ; Thorax ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ; Water

No abstract available.
Occupational Health*

On the basis of the electrocardiographic ST-T changes, 46 patients with hypertensive heart disease were evaluated with echocardiography and classified into three groups; Those without any ST-T changes(group I, 6 patients) ; those with various nonspecific ST-T changes(group II, 20 patient); and those with full-blown LVh strain pattern (group III, 20 patients). In group III, left ventricular posterior wall thickness (p<0.01). interventricular septal thickness(p<0.05) and cardiac muscle mass(p<0.02) increased significantly and end-systolic dimension(p<0.05), relative wall thickness(p<0.02) also in creased significantly but ejection fraction decreased significantly (p<0.05). These results suggest that LVH strain pattern is associated with left ventricular hypertrophy or thickening, left ventricular dilatation and/or functional deterioration and that left ventricular wall thickness increase progressively even in the stage of LVH strain pattern on electrocardiogram.
Dilatation ; Echocardiography* ; Electrocardiography* ; Heart Diseases* ; Heart* ; Humans ; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular ; Myocardium

No abstract available.
Dipyridamole* ; Heart Ventricles*

The intravenous pyelograms of 126 cases of ureteral stones were analized for study on changes in size,renocortical idex(RCI) and function of the affected kidney. The following results were obtained. 1. The size ofaffected kidney was increased in 45% of cases and decreased in 40% of cases. 2. The affected kidney showed anelevated RCI value as compared to the normal side. The mean value of RCI of the affected kidneys was 0.44 andnormal kidneys was 0.35. 3. The cases of upper ureteral stones most frequently showed urinary stasis. Theincidence of urinary stasis: hydronephrosis 61%, hydroureter 48%, nonvisualization 10%, and combinedhydronephrosis and hydroureter in 54% of the all cases.
Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Kidney ; Ureter

No abstract available.
Adenosine* ; Dipyridamole* ; Dobutamine* ; Exercise Test*

No abstract available.
Coronary Artery Disease* ; Coronary Vessels*

No abstract available.
Adenosine* ; Diagnosis* ; Radionuclide Imaging*

Twenty-four factories registered at the Ministry of Labor as factories using or producing cadmium in 1991 were investigated to know the present state of occupational exposure to cadmium in 1992. Nine factories among 24 stopped using or changed to other substances and 1 factory didn't produce any more, but delivered it to other factories through imports. Therefore, only 14 factories were producing or using cadmium. But, alloying materials were uspplied to about 20 and more factories, however, they couldn't be investigated because of limited information. Three factories had less than 50 workers were 3, 6 had 50-300 and 5 had more than 300. About 167 workers were exposed to cadmium. According to the classification by process, there were 4 alloy processes, 2 refinary, 2 elctroplating, 2 dry cell making, 1 industrial battery and 1 copper refinary. 8 factories used metal cadmium, 3 cadmium oxide, 2 cadmium sulfide, and 1 cadmium hyroxide. One factory was importing cadmium stearates only and supplying them to the PVC making factories. The amount of metal cadmium producing in 2 refinary factories was about 50-65 ton per month. The other cadmium compounds were imported. According to exposure level of cadmium in air of the 10 factories examined, each factory could be divided into high, moderate and low exposure groups. 1 battery recycling factory and 3 alloy factories were in the high exposure group and their mean air concentrations were 0.06679, 0.05481, 0.02492, and 0.003mg/m3, respectively. Refinary and industrial battery making factories were in the middle exposure group and their mean air concentrations were 0.00773 and 0.00613 mg/m3, respectively. Finally, low exposure group were copper smelting, dry cell case making, duplicator drum making and electroplating factory and their mean air concentrations were 0.00096, 0.00071, 0.00057 and 0.00054 mg/m3 respectively.
Alloys ; Cadmium Compounds ; Cadmium* ; Classification ; Copper ; Electroplating ; Korea* ; Occupational Exposure* ; Osmeriformes ; Recycling ; Stearates

BACKGROUND: The purpose of the study was to determine the value of exercise electrocardiography in predicting the area of myocardial ischemia. METHOD: Seventy-six anginal patients with a perfusion defect in one vessel territory on exercise 99mTc-MIBI myocardial perfusion scan were studied. Each patient underwent exercise electrocardiograhy using modified Bruce protocol. Exercise electrocardiography was interpreted as abnormal when the horizontal or downsloping depression in ST segment was 0.1 mV or greater at 80 msec after the J point during exercise. Forty-eight patients had exercise induced ST-segment depression. RESULT: Twenty-five patients had exercise induced ST-segment depression in single lead-group and 23 patients had in multiple lead-groups. In 18 patients (18/23) with exercise induced ST-segment depression in multiple lead-groups, the perfusion defect involved the apical area on myocardial perfusion scanning and in 21 patients (21/25) with ST-segment depression in single lead-group, the perfusion defect did not involve the apical area. In patients without perfusion defect in the apical area, ST-segment depression in anterior lead-group (V1 to V4) was associated with myocadial perfusion defects in left anterior descending artery territories in five of five cases (100%), ST-segment depression in lateral lead-group (I, aVL, V5, V6) was associated with defects in left circumflex artery territories in six of six cases (100%), and ST-segment depression in inferior lead group (II, III, aVF) was associated with defects in right coronary artery territories in nine of ten (90%) (p<0.01). In patients with perfusion defect in the apical area, exercise induced ST-segment depressions were observed in multiple lead-groups (18/22). CONCLUSION: ST-segment depression on 12 lead exercise electrocardiography was a good predictor of the site of myocadial ischemia in anginal patients with single vessel territory ischemia when ST-segment depression developed in single lead group. However, ST-segment depressions in mutiple lead-groups suggested that the perfusion defect involved the apical area and did not predict the site of myocardial ischemia.
Angina Pectoris* ; Arteries ; Coronary Vessels ; Depression ; Electrocardiography* ; Humans ; Ischemia ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Perfusion*