DNA isolated from human tumor cells can induce malignant transfarmation of tissue culture cells. The DNA is then called an oncogene. Its protein produets have been detected in animal and human tumors and are considered to play a significant role in carcinogenesis. In order to evaluate whether the oncogenes are involved in development of tumors of epidermis and whether they could be used as tumor markers, immunoperoxidase staining was performed for the ras product in sections of squamous cell carcinoma, Bowen's disease, actinic keratosis, keratoacanthoma and seborrheic keratosis. Three cases of sgamous cell carcinoma showed 10~20 positive cells per high power field(HPF). Three cases of Bowen's disease revealed 1-9 positive cells per HPF, whereas the actinic keratosis 1~9 or no positive cells per 10 HPF in all three cases. The keratoacanthoma and seborrheic keratosis showed 1~9 or no positive cells in all observed cases. The positive staining was observed in the cytoplasm. The increasing positivity in parallel with the increase of malignant potential strongly suggests that the ras oncogene is closely related to development of epidermal malignancy and also point out the possibility of ras as a cancer marker.
Animals ; Bowen's Disease ; Carcinogenesis ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cytoplasm ; DNA ; Epidermis* ; Genes, ras* ; Humans ; Keratoacanthoma ; Keratosis, Actinic ; Keratosis, Seborrheic ; Oncogenes ; Biomarkers, Tumor

Authors performed the immunohistochemical study with avidin biotin-peroxi- dase complex staining on the nail unit of the human fetus for determining the presence of keratin and prekeratin. Seven fetuses, ranging from 12 to 27 weeks in age, were examined. In all cases, the keratin and prekeratin were found in the epidermis of nail units, but not found in stratum corneum and nail plate. Keratin was located predominantly in suprabasal cells whereas prekeratin was located diffusely in the epidermis. Interestingly keratin and prekeratin were found as early as 12 week-old gestational period. There was no significant difference in presence of keratin and prekeratin.
Avidin ; Epidermis ; Fetus ; Humans*

The purine antimetabolite 6-Mercaptopurine (6-MP) has been in clinical use for over 30 years and is still a widely used agent in the treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The bioavailibility, clinical efficacy and toxicity of 6-MP administered orally for maintenance therapy of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia are highly variable in many studies, as well as at differnt times in same patient. there are many factors affecting the bioavailibility of 6-MP. The most notably factor being that concomitantly administered drugs and foods might contribute to a decrease in the bioavailibity of this drug. In our sociocultural environment milk is a major constituent of child's foods. Cow's milk contains a high concentration of xanthine oxidase, which could potentially transform 6-TM into 6-thioxanthine (6-TX) and 6-thiouric acid (6-TUA) which have no more therapeutic effects. In this study, we evaluated the effect of various milk products on the bioavailability of 6-MP. Incubation at 37degrees C for 30 min raw or pasteurized milk resulted in transformation of a large quantity of clinically relevant concentration of 6-MP into 6-TUA. The concomitant adminstration of folic acid and allopurinol has markedly inhibitory effect on the 6-MP destroying activity of milk at clinically relevant concentrations. These observations may help to optimize modalities of administration of 6-MP for the treartment of patients with childhood leukemia.
6-Mercaptopurine* ; Allopurinol ; Biological Availability* ; Child ; Complement Factor B ; Folic Acid ; Humans ; Leukemia ; Milk* ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; Xanthine Oxidase

BACKGROUND: Axillary hyperhidrosis is a distressing problem in the making of a person's social life. The characteristics of the axillary skin in the patients of the axillary hyperhidrosis and the exact reasons of the reduced barrier function of the axillary skin are still not known. OBJECTIVE: To confirm the changes in the barrier function of axillary skin and the changes in the quality of life, before and after, the injection of botulinum toxin type A for patients of primary axillary hyperhidrosis. METHODS: The subjects of this study, were composed of nineteen patients of primary axillary hyperhidrosis. The values of hydration (Corneometer), transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and acidity (pH) on the skin of the axilla and forearm were measured, each time before and at 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 4 weeks, and 3 months after the injection of botulinum toxin A. The changes in the quality of life were also measured, through the Modified Dermatology Life Quality Index (MDLQI), before and at 4weeks after the injection of botulinum toxin A. RESULTS: Compared with the skin of the forearm, the values of the Corneometer, TEWL, and pH were significantly higher in the axillary skin. Also the values of the Corneometer, TEWL, and pH decreased after the injection of botulinum toxin A, reaching the lowest levels, in all parameters, at 3 weeks. The quality of life improved significantly, with the MDLQI decreasing from 18.63 to 4.53. CONCLUSION: It can be suggested that the reduced barrier function in the axillary skin is associated with the increased activity of the eccrine gland of the axilla, so it is, at least, partially recovered by the inhibition of sweating through the botulinum toxin A injection. Furthermore, the quality of life for patients of axillary hyperhidrosis can be significantly improved by the injection of botulinum toxin A.
Axilla ; Botulinum Toxins* ; Botulinum Toxins, Type A ; Dermatology ; Eccrine Glands ; Forearm ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hyperhidrosis* ; Quality of Life* ; Skin* ; Sweat ; Sweating

No abstract available.
Accidents, Traffic* ; Emergencies* ; Emergency Service, Hospital* ; Injury Severity Score*

Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia(IPEH) is a relatively rare disease which is characterized by the development of endothelial-lined papillary projections. It is now believed to be a reactive process that result from organization of a thrombus. We report a case of intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia developed on the plantar surface of right 4th toe.
Hyperplasia* ; Rare Diseases ; Thrombosis ; Toes

No abstract available.

The degree of facial asymmetry in P -A cephalogram may differ from that we felt in clinical examination. The purpose of this study was to find out the P -A cephalometric measurements affecting the visual facial asymmetry. Fifty four adult patients who had been diagnosed as the facial asymmetry in clinical examination were selected for this study. Through the analysis of facial photograph and P -A cephalogram, the following results were obtained: 1. In linear measurements, Me (Menton) to MSR (Mid -sagittal reference line), Cd (Condylion) to Me, Ag (Antegonion) to Me, and Ag to MSR were significantly related with facial asymmetric index. 2. In angular measurements, angle Cg -Me plane to MSR, angle ANS -Me plane to MSR, and angle Cd - Ag -Me were significantly related with facial asymmetric index. Especially, angle Cg -Me plane to MSR, angle ANS -Me plane to MSR were highly related. 3. In surface measurements, Cg -Ag -Ag ' and Cd -Ag -Me -Cd ' were significantly related with facial asymmetric index. The results of this study suggested that menton point was the most affected landmark in visual facial asymmetry.
Adult ; Facial Asymmetry* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Rabbits*

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the positioning errors according to the method of bonding lingual brackets. Dental models of twenty orthodontic patients with malocclusion were selected for this study. The positioning errors were measured on each model that brackets were bonded to. Three different bonding methods were used. For the first method, the bracket was bonded intimately to the lingual surface of the model. For the second method, the bracket was bonded intimately to the lingual surface after setting up using articulator. The passive bracketing, bonding the bracket ligated first to ideal archwire, was used after setting up as the last method. The results were as follows: 1. The brackets bonded without setting up showed greater angulation errors in the upper 1st premolar and the lower canine than those in other bonding methods. The brackets bonded without passive bracketing showed greater positioning errors in upper central incisor, lower 1st and 2nd premolars. 2. The brackets bonded without setting up showed greater torque error in lower 2nd premolar than those in other bonding methods. The brackets bonded without passive bracketing showed greater torque errors in all upper teeth, lower 1st and 2nd premolars. 3. The brackets bonded without passive bracketing showed greater rotation errors between upper central incisors, lower central incisors, lower lateral and central incisor, lower canine and lateral incisor. 4. The brackets bonded without setting up showed greater in-out errors between upper canine and lateral incisor than those in other bonding methods. The brackets bonded without passive bracketing showed greater in-out errors between upper central incisors, upper central and lateral incisors, upper 1st and 2nd premolars, lower lateral and central incisors, lower canine and lateral incisor. These results suggest that there is a large amount of positioning error in lingual brackets even by an indirect bonding technique, and it may be reduced by passive bracketing.
Bicuspid ; Dental Articulators ; Dental Models ; Humans ; Incisor ; Malocclusion ; Tooth ; Torque