This study was performed on 50 cases of primary breast cancer removed surgically during the period 1990~1991 and compared the results of four morphologic methods developed for the detection of estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors, monoclonal antibody PCNA immunoreactivity, and the mean number of argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions(mAgNORs) to ascertain the prognostic significance and also to detect highly malignant heterogenous cancer. To determine the validity of these measurements, a variance analysis was done with Kruskal-Wallis 1-way ANOVA. The results showed that the significant correlation between histologic grade and ER/PR status(P=0.005/P=0.015), the borderline significant correlation between mAgNORs and ER/PR status(P=0.08), and between AgNORs and stage(P=0.07), PCNA has no correlation with ER/PR status(P=0.25), clinical stage and histologic grade. In follow up, four cases of invasive ductal carcinoma with ER/PR, developed early and rapid metastasis within 2 years, three of them were classified as histologic grade 3 and another case was grade 2, whereas two of them were classified ans stage III(+) and the rest were in stage IIB(+) and stage IIA(-). The mAgNOR count of these four cases were ranged from 3.32 to 4.29 which were in the aneuploid category most likely. One of them had rather stormy rapid course with multiple organ metastases resulting death within one year. These results indicated that ductal carcinoma(>2cm size) with ER-/PR- and high mAgNOR level or high PCNA grade, and hihg histologic grade had h highly malignant course, marked by rapidly developing metastases. Thus we concluded that the status of ER/PR alone in tumor tissue is an important information for selecting hormone treatment btu, for the ultimate prognosis, is a weak indicator. Therefore for early detection of such heterogenous tumor, besides ER/PR, AgNORs or PCNA, histologic grade and tumor size are very useful as biological indicators of prognosis. The status ER/PR in combination with these indicators are more accurate and provide better basis on which to base a decision for early implementation of chemotherapy from which to give probably benefit by inhibition of rapid progress.
Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Breast Neoplasms

To investigate relationship between alpha1-acrenoceptors and nicardipine, an 1,4-dihydropyridine calcium antagonist, effects of nicardipine, on phenylephrinne(PE)-induced vasoconstriction in isolated arterial rings and pressor response of rabbits were observed. In normal physiological salt solution(NPSS), 35mM KCI produced persistent contractions of thoracic aorta and carotid artery and the contractions were dose-dependently inhoboted by cumulative admini-stration of nicardipine in the range of doses from 10(-10)M to 10(-4)M, IC50s of nicardipine in the thoracic aorta and carotid artery were 3.3x10(-7)M and 4.6x10(-7)M, respectively and there was no difference between both values. Constant contractions induced by 10(-5)M PE in both rings were inhibited by the same doses of nicardipine in a dose-dependent fashion. The IC50s were 2.8x10(-4)M in thoracic aorta and 2.9x10(-5)M in carotid artery respectively, and the former was about 10 times greater than the latter. In Ca2+ free PSS, KCI did not produce any contractionn. Though constant and reproducible in NPSS, PE-induced contraction was transient and not reproducible in Ca2+ free PSS. The contraction in both rings were weakened to about 70% of those in NPSS. Pretreatment with nicardipine in the range of doses from 10-8M to 10-5M hardly affected the PE-induced contraction and the largest dose 10(-4)M slightly inhibited the contraction. Intravenous injection of nicardipine 10 to 1000microg/kg decreased blood pressure and heart rate of rabbits in a dose-dependent manner. The % decrease of heart rate was much smaller in comparison with the %decrease of blood presseure. Pressor effect of 30microg/kg PE was dose-dependently inhibited after treatment with nicardipine 10 to 1000microg/kg and ID50 was 314microg/kg(6.1x10(-7)mole/kg). Above results suggest that nicardipine blocks extracellulr Ca2+ influx by membrane depolarization and in a part by alpha1-adrenceptors, then relaxes arterial smooth muscles in rabbits.
Aorta, Thoracic ; Blood Pressure ; Calcium ; Carotid Arteries ; Heart Rate ; Inhibitory Concentration 50 ; Injections, Intravenous ; Membranes ; Muscle, Smooth ; Nicardipine* ; Rabbits ; Vasoconstriction

No abstract available.
Hysterectomy* ; Urinary Bladder*

Seckel syndrome is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder of severe growth retardation and distinct craniofacial, orodental, and skeletal anomalies. We report hereby the first two Korean cases of typical Seckel syndrome who had characteristic symptoms of intrauterine growth retardation, small head, large eyes, sharp facial features (beaked nose, dysplastic ears and narrow face) with underdeveloped chin, dwarfism, severe mental retardation, and other malformation. We report two cases of Seckel syndrome with a brief review of related literatures.
Chin ; Dwarfism ; Ear ; Fetal Growth Retardation ; Head ; Intellectual Disability ; Nose

PURPOSE: To evaluate the radiological patterns of vascular invasion in peripheral cholangiocarcinomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Hepatic arteriography and portography in 20 cases with cholangiocarcinoma including 12 cases with anglographic CT were retrospectively analized. RESULTS: The arteriography showed no arterioportal shunt, hypertrophy of tumor vessel, or tumor staining extending to central portion of the mass in all cases. However, doughnut shaped peripheral tumor staining was seen until late hepatogram phase in 12 cases and compensatory hyperperfusion around the mass was seen in six cases(eight cases if include arterial CT). Encasement of tumor vessel was seen in 12 cases, and hypertrophy of feeding vessel in nine cases. On portogrphy, the filling defect on segmental portal branch could be demonstrated only in 11 cases. Shape of the portal defect was tapered narrowing in six cases, abrupt narrowing in two cases but intraluminal nodular filling defect was not seen. Remainning three cases were difficult to define the shape. On seven cases of CT during arterial portography, three cases showed mass shaped defect and four showed segmental defect but three of them could demonstrate the partially preserved portal flow in defective portal area. CONCLUSION: Hepatic arteriography in peripheral cholagiocarcinoma showed no evidence of hypertrophy of tumor vessels and tumor stain extending to central portion but peripheral staining on late hepatogram phase and compensatory hyperperfusion could be seen. Portal vein was more commonly involved through perivascular connective tissue invasion rather than by direct extension into the portal lumen.
Angiography* ; Cholangiocarcinoma* ; Connective Tissue ; Hypertrophy ; Portal Vein ; Portography ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: To evaluate the radiological patterns of vascular invasion in peripheral cholangiocarcinomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Hepatic arteriography and portography in 20 cases with cholangiocarcinoma including 12 cases with anglographic CT were retrospectively analized. RESULTS: The arteriography showed no arterioportal shunt, hypertrophy of tumor vessel, or tumor staining extending to central portion of the mass in all cases. However, doughnut shaped peripheral tumor staining was seen until late hepatogram phase in 12 cases and compensatory hyperperfusion around the mass was seen in six cases(eight cases if include arterial CT). Encasement of tumor vessel was seen in 12 cases, and hypertrophy of feeding vessel in nine cases. On portogrphy, the filling defect on segmental portal branch could be demonstrated only in 11 cases. Shape of the portal defect was tapered narrowing in six cases, abrupt narrowing in two cases but intraluminal nodular filling defect was not seen. Remainning three cases were difficult to define the shape. On seven cases of CT during arterial portography, three cases showed mass shaped defect and four showed segmental defect but three of them could demonstrate the partially preserved portal flow in defective portal area. CONCLUSION: Hepatic arteriography in peripheral cholagiocarcinoma showed no evidence of hypertrophy of tumor vessels and tumor stain extending to central portion but peripheral staining on late hepatogram phase and compensatory hyperperfusion could be seen. Portal vein was more commonly involved through perivascular connective tissue invasion rather than by direct extension into the portal lumen.
Angiography* ; Cholangiocarcinoma* ; Connective Tissue ; Hypertrophy ; Portal Vein ; Portography ; Retrospective Studies

The most common ocular finding of the idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura(ITP) is superficial retinal hemorrhages in both eyes. But the descriptions of new vessel on the optic disc(NVD) associated with ITP are scarcely found in literatures. A 17-year-old girl who managed for ITP complained of visual distrubance of the right eye and floaters of the left eye. On fundoscopy the right eye was failed to examine due to thick vitreous hemorrhage and the left eye showed NVD and preretinal hemorrhage. After panretinal photocoagulation of the left eye, NVD was regressed.

We report metastatic omental hepatocellular carcinoma in two patients with post-lobectomy hepatocellular carcinoma who have had previous abdominal surgery or the rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma. Ometal metastatic masses were similar to primary masses of the liver in pathologic findings as well as in radiologic findings.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular* ; Humans ; Liver ; Rupture

No abstract available.
Animals ; Corrosion Casting* ; Corrosion* ; Head* ; Rats*

A wedge shape compensating filter composed of aluminium was made to equalise the density of lung and mediastinum. Total 68 patients were taken chest tomograph with compensating filter and the radiographic findings were correlated with the pathologic, bacteriologic prove or the clinical course. This simple device was turned out to be very useful in certain disease categories, especially central type of bronchogenic carcinoma.
Carcinoma, Bronchogenic ; Humans ; Lung ; Mediastinum ; Thorax