PURPOSE: Goggles are frequently worn in the sport of swimming and are designed to form a seal around the periorbital tissue orbit. The resultant pressure on the eye may have the potential to affect intraocular pressure and blood flow of the optic nerve head. This study evaluates the influence of wearing swimming goggles on intraocular pressure (IOP) and blood flow of the ocular nerve head (ONH) in normal subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty healthy participants took part in this study. The IOP of each participant was measured using a Goldmann tonometer. Measurements were taken immediately before putting on swimming goggles, at 5, 10, 30, and 60 minutes after putting on swimming goggles, and then immediately after taking off the goggles. Blood flow of the ONH was measured using the Heidelberg retinal flowmeter. RESULTS: The average IOP before, during and after wearing the swimming goggles were 11.88 +/- 2.82mmHg, 14.20 +/- 2.81 mmHg and 11.78 +/- 2.89mmHg, respectively. The IOP increased immediately after putting on the goggles (p < 0.05) and then returned to normal values immediately after removal (p > 0.05). Blood flow of the ONH was 336.60 +/- 89.07 Arbitrary Units (AU) before and 319.18 +/- 96.02 AU after the goggles were worn (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: A small but significant IOP elevation was observed immediately after the swimming goggles were put on. This elevated IOP was maintained while the goggles were kept on, and then returned to normal levels as soon as they were taken off. Blood flow of the ONH did not change significantly throughout the experiment. These facts should be considered for safety concerns, especially in advanced glaucoma patients.
Adult ; Eye Protective Devices/*adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; *Intraocular Pressure ; Male ; Optic Disk/*blood supply ; Regional Blood Flow ; *Swimming ; Time Factors

Tego (dodecylic aminoethyl glycine HCl) is an antiseptic detergent used abroad in hospitals, food industries, public baths, and for cleaning machinery. Allergic contact dermatitis may occur in hospital operating-room personnel, swimming instructors, and deep-sea divers. We present two cases of allergic contact dermatitis to Tego in two siblings after dressing the accidental abrasion with Tego . The patch test results showed a strong positive reaction to 0.1% Tego.
Bandages ; Baths ; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact* ; Detergents ; Food Industry ; Glycine ; Humans ; Patch Tests ; Siblings* ; Swimming

We report a case of soft fibroma occured in a 27-year-old female. The lesion was multiple, pea-to walnut-sized, baglike, pedunculated growth on the vulva. The histopathologic findings of excisional biopsy specimen evaled a slightly t.hinned epidermis and loosely arranged collagen fibers in the dermis.
Adult ; Biopsy ; Collagen ; Dermis ; Epidermis ; Female ; Fibroma* ; Humans ; Vulva*

PURPOSE: The preceptorenewly graduated nurse (NGN) relationship is integral to the successful experience of clinical teaching and learning and new nurses' transition. However, interpersonal conflicts between them are common. Little is known whether their anger contributes to their level of job satisfaction and burnout. This study aimed to examine the effects of each nurse's anger on job satisfaction and burnout in preceptoreNGN dyads.METHODS: A cross-sectional, correlational survey design was used. This study involved 121 preceptor enewly graduate nurse dyads in two hospitals in South Korea. Nurses completed a questionnaire about demographics, the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-Korean version, a job satisfaction measure, and the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory. This study adopted the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model to handle dyadic data.RESULTS: Preceptor nurses reported higher frequencies of feeling anger than did new nurses and appear to have higher levels of trait anger, anger-out, and burnout. Both the preceptors' and NGNs' trait anger was positively associated with preceptors' burnout. Suppressing anger was closely related to the nurses' own job satisfaction and burnout. Preceptors with a higher level of anger-control had higher job satisfaction, and NGNs with a higher level of anger-control had less burnout.CONCLUSION: The results indicate that preceptors and new nurses appear to experience significant anger, which is closely associated with their job satisfaction and burnout during their preceptorship. Anger management training programs geared toward educating both preceptors and new nurses about appropriate anger expression in the workplace should be developed to retain valuable nurses.
Anger Management Therapy ; Anger ; Burnout, Professional ; Demography ; Interpersonal Relations ; Job Satisfaction ; Korea ; Learning ; Preceptorship

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical course of the patient who had the gynecologic operation using minolaparotomy. METHODS: We reviewed the chart of the patient who had the gynecologic operation using minilaparotomy in department of obstetrics and gynecology of St. Mary's hospital during Jan. 2000 Sept. 2002. RESULTS: Postopertive diagnosis is myoma (154 cases), adenomyosis (41 cases), ovary cyst (89 cases) and so on. We had performed hysterectomy (225 cases), myomectomy (86 cases), cystectomy or adenexectomy (85 cases) for these patient. There is no significant difference in clinical course between two total hysterecomized groups, one who had the operation history and the other who had not the operation history. CONCLUSION: In gynecological operations, minilaparotomy is the useful methods in any kind of the indication of operation, and show good clinical course.
Adenomyosis ; Cystectomy ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Gynecology ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Laparotomy* ; Myoma ; Obstetrics ; Ovary

The effect of betaxolol and dipivefrin on microcirculation of peripapil lary reina and optic disc in normal tension glaucoma was assessed. Betaxolol, selective beta-1 blocker, was known to improve the blood flow of retrobulbar arteries, and dipivefrin was known to decrease the flow of ciliary body. Total subjects were 29 normal tension glaucoma patients; 18 subjects with no previous IOP reducing eye drops during 4 weeks were assigned for betaxolol group, and 11 subjects with using timolol for dipivefrin group. The intraocular pressure was significantly reduced after instillation in betaxolol group(p<0.01), and in dipivefrin group(p<0.05). But systemic blood pressure and pulse rate were not changed after instillations in both groups. Blood flow, volume, velocity of optic disc and peripapillary retina of betaxolol group and dipivafrin group were not significantly changed. From the above results, we concluded that betaxolol and dipiverin with timolol did not influenced the microcirculation of peripapillary retina and opit disc.
Arteries ; Betaxolol* ; Blood Pressure ; Ciliary Body ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Low Tension Glaucoma* ; Microcirculation ; Ophthalmic Solutions ; Optic Disk* ; Optic Nerve* ; Retina ; Retinaldehyde* ; Timolol

No abstract available.
Humans ; Pregnancy, Twin* ; Twins*

Generally, osteoporosis is caused by the age-related physiologic bone loss. In cases of severe osteoporosis, the reduced bone mass and increaed skeletal fragility make the risk of fracture high. Recently, the relationship between the mandible and the condition of the skeletal bone, the molphometric data about the quality and quantity of the mandible are very important in the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis. This study was undertaken to clarify the correlations of the mineral density between mandible and other bones, to predict the bone mineral density (BMD) of the mandible. Cervical (2nd~5th) and lumbar (1st~4th) vertebrae, the bones of forearm and proximal femurs, mandibles from 42-embalmed cadavers (22/M, 20/F, mean age: 66.95 years) were examined. The BMD was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. The data were analysed with SPSS 12.0 program according to age, gender, to verify the statistical significance. 1. The BMD in the mandibular areas were variable. The BMD in the angle of the mandible (mean 0.40 g/cm2) was similar with that of ultra-distal part of the forearm (mean 0.34 g/cm2). 2. The BMD in the mandible was highly correlated with that of around the forearm. The correlation coefficient between density in the angle, the part between 1st and 2nd molar, the part between 1st molar and 2nd premolar and incisor portion of the mandible and density in the 1/3-distal part of the forearm was high (r=0.742, 0.697, 0.618, 0.652). The correlation coefficient between density in the part between 1st and 2nd premolar and density in the total femur was high (r=0.542). 3. The BMD in the mandible was correlated with that of around the femur neck (r=0.607). 4. The correlation coefficient between the BMD in the 1st and 2nd molar of the mandible and the BMD in the 5th cervical vertebra was high (r=0.543). And also, the correlation coefficient between the BMD in the incisor area of the mandible and the BMD in the 3rd lumbar vertebra was high (r=0.561). 5. Bony status of the mandible was classified into normal, osteopenia, osteoporosis by BMD of WHO criteria. The data represented that BMD of the mandible was decreased as BMD of the skeletal bones decreased. It is concluded that it could be possible to predict BMD of the mandible by the measurement of BMD in the forearm.
Absorptiometry, Photon ; Bicuspid ; Bone Density ; Bone Diseases, Metabolic ; Cadaver ; Femur ; Femur Neck ; Forearm ; Incisor ; Mandible ; Molar ; Osteoporosis ; Spine

PURPOSE: A tumor and mature ovarian cystic teratoma rarely coexist, but since it may affect treatment andprognosis, appropriate pre-surgical diagnosis is important. The purpose of this study was to evaluate thedifference in CT findings between a tumor coexisting with a mature ovarian cystic teratoma and a simple matureovarian cystic teratoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: CT scans of seven cases of tumor coexisting with mature ovariancystic teratoma were reviewed. In each case, size, margin, nature, septation, solid portion, ascites, invasion,and metastasis were analysed. RESULTS: Coexistent tumors were histopathologically diagnosed as squamous cellcarcinoma in three patients, carcinoid in three, and fibrothecoma in one. In contrast with a simple matureteratoma, a tumor coexisting with a mature cystic teratoma developed in older patients and had a more solidportion, which showed contrast enhancement but did not show calcification or a fat component. Where a tumor andmature cystic teratoma coexisted, ascites and the invasion of adjacent structures were also common. CONCLUSION: If, in an older patient, CT scanning reveals an ovarian cystic tumor with a large solid portion but nocalcification or fat, coexistent tumor should be suspected.
Ascites ; Carcinoid Tumor ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Ovarian Cysts ; Teratoma* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Remained lens epithelial cells after the cataract surgery can cause anterior and posterior capsular opacity and other complications from the postoperative anterior chamber inflammation. The removal of lens epithelial cells(LEC) during the cataract surgery is important clinically. We measured the degree of the anterior chamber inflammation after the removal of LEC in 360 degree and the removal of LEC in 180 degree. The anterior chamber inflammation was measured by flare-cell meter postoperatively the 1st day, 4th day, 1st week, 2nd week, 3rd week, 4th week, and 3rd month, and compared the results with the anterior chamber inflammation after the cataract surgery without the removal of LEC. There were no significant differencies among the groups before the 2nd week. The degree of inflammation was decreased significantly in the groups postoperatively compared to the group in which LEC were not removed. And the inflammation was lower significantly in the group of the 360 degree removal than the group of 180 degree removal after the 2nd week postoperatively. We conclude that LEC removal in cataract surgery decreased the anterior chamber inflammation significantly after the 2nd week postoperatively.
Anterior Chamber* ; Cataract Extraction ; Cataract* ; Epithelial Cells* ; Inflammation*