No abstract available.
Germ Cells* ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal*

No abstract available.

PURPOSE: We evaluated the clinical and radiological results of arthroscopic ankle fusion using 2 medial screws which had advantages of less morbidity, early weight-bearing and high union rate. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From April, 2002 to March, 2004, 8 patients who had ankle osteoarthritis were treated by ankle fusion using 2 medial screws under arthroscopy; five patients with post-traumatic osteoarthritis, two with post-infectious arthritis and one with paralytic foot. There were 5 male and 3 female. Average age was 67 years old ranging from 57 to 71 years. We evaluated them clinically preoperative and postoperative using AOFAS score, VAS pain scale and patient's satisfaction. In regard to radiological fusion, we checked them by simple AP, lateral and mortise view. Follow up period was average 11 months (range, 6~24 months). RESULTS: All ankles were successfully fused with 2 medial screws under arthroscopy. The mean time of fusion was 10.5 weeks (range, 8~14 weeks). Patient's satisfaction checked at 6 months after operation had favorable results (excellent and good 75%). One case had pain on medial malleolar area because of screw's protrusion. CONCLUSION: Arthroscopic ankle fusion using 2 medial screws was good modality of ankle fusion with less morbidity and early weight-bearing in some cases of ankle arthritis.
Aged ; Ankle* ; Arthritis ; Arthritis, Reactive ; Arthroscopy ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Foot ; Humans ; Male ; Osteoarthritis ; Weight-Bearing

The benefits of early enteral feeding (EEN) have been demonstrated in gastrointestinal surgery. But, the impact of EEN has not been elucidated yet. We assessed the postoperative nutritional status of patients who had undergone pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) according to the postoperative nutritional method and compared the clinical outcomes of two methods. A prospective randomized trial was undertaken following PD. Patients were randomly divided into two groups; the EEN group received the postoperative enteral feed and the control group received the postoperative total parenteral nutrition (TPN) management. Thirty-eight patients were included in our analyses. The first day of bowel movement and time to take a normal soft diet was significantly shorter in EEN group than in TPN group. Prealbumin and transferrin were significantly reduced on post-operative day (POD) 7 and were slowly recovered until POD 90 in the TPN group than in the EEN group. EEN group rapidly recovered weight after POD 21 whereas it was gradually decreased in TPN group until POD 90. EEN after PD is associated with preservation of weight compared with TPN and impact on recovery of digestive function after PD.
Aged ; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/physiopathology/surgery/therapy ; Digestive System/physiopathology ; *Enteral Nutrition/adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nutritional Status ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/physiopathology/surgery/therapy ; *Pancreaticoduodenectomy/adverse effects ; *Parenteral Nutrition, Total ; Postoperative Care/*methods ; Postoperative Period ; Prospective Studies ; Time Factors ; Treatment Outcome ; Weight Gain

PURPOSE: In order to suggest optimal anticancer drugs for patient-tailored chemotherapy, we developed a colorectal cancer (CRC)-liver metastasis patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDTX) model. METHODS: Tissue obtained from a patient with CRC-liver metastasis (F0) was transplanted in a nonobese female mouse with diabetic/severe combined immune deficiency (F1) and the tumor tissue was retransplanted into nude mice (F2). When tumor volumes reached ~500 mm³, the F2 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 4/group) of doxorubicin, cisplatin, docetaxel, and nontreated control groups. The tumor tissues were investigated using H&E staining, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assays, and immunohistochemistry. To determine where the mutant allele frequencies varied across the different passages, we isolated genomic DNA from the primary tumor, liver metastasis, and PDTX models (F1/F2). RESULTS: The physiological properties of the tumor were in accord with those of the patient's tumors. Anticancer drugs delayed tumor growth, inhibited proliferation, and caused apoptosis. Histological assessments revealed no observable heterogeneity among the intragenerational PDTX models. Target exon sequencing analysis without high-quality filter conditions revealed some genetic variations in the 83 cancer-related genes across the generations. However, when de novo mutations were defined as a total count of zero in F0 and ≥5 in F2, exactly prognostic impact of clone cancer profiling (EGFR, KRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, NRAS, APC and TP53) were detected in the paired. CONCLUSION: A CRC liver metastasis PDTX model was established for the evaluation of chemotherapeutic efficacy. This model retained the physiological characters of the patient tumors and potentially provides a powerful means of assessing chemotherapeutic efficacy.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cisplatin ; Clone Cells ; Colorectal Neoplasms* ; DNA ; DNA Nucleotidylexotransferase ; Doxorubicin ; Drug Therapy* ; Exons ; Family Characteristics ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Variation ; Heterografts* ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Liver* ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Population Characteristics ; Sequence Analysis ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays

OBJECTIVE: Diverse glomerular disorders leadsing to progressive glomerulosclerosis share the common features of increased mRNA expression for extra- cellular matrix protein and growth factors. The precise role of angiotensin II in contributing to these disturbances is currently unknown. ACE inhibitors have been proved to be beneficial in protecting against glomerular injury in animal models and many of human glomerular diseases. Type IV collagen is a main component of extracellular matrix in the mesangium : its increased accumulation is a common pathologic finding in the glomerulosclerosis. There are some evidences that the beneficial effect of ACE inhibitor does not solely depend on the hemodynamic effect, but may be mediated by other effect. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of high glucose, angiotensin II and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor on the expression of PC alpha1(lV) in mesansial cells(MCs). METHODS: Human mesangial cells were cultured with standard method. To investigate the effect of each drug and high glucose condition, MCs were cultured in the normal-glucose medium(100mg/dl) and high-glucose medium(450mg/dl), respectively. An- giotensin II and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor(captopril) were added to culture medium at final concentration of 10 M which is the physiologic dose in vivo. MCs were cultured in each condition for 3days, when the maximal effect of high glucose on MCs, and harvested for mesurement of the expression of PC alpha1(IV) mRNA. To quantitate the PC alpha(1V) mRNA levels in each condition, semiquantitatine RT-PCR was done with co-amplification of house keeping gene. RESULTS: PCa1(IV) mRNA expression was significantly increased in high-glucose medium(30mM) compared to normal-glucose medium(5.5mM)(2.28+/-0.34 vs 0.96+/-0.08, p<0.05). Administration of angiotensin ll(10(-6)M) in culture media induced a further increment in the PC a >(IV) mRNA expression to 4.64+/-0.28(p<0.05). Angiotensin II in the normal-glucose medium increased the PC alpha1(lV) mHNA expression as 2.69+/-0.23 control(p<0.05). Addition of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor(Capopril, 10(-6)M) in high- glucose culture medium significantly suppressed the PC alpha1(IV) mRNA expression as 0.690.11(p<0.05). CONCLUSION: High glucose concentration in culture medium significantly increases the mRNA expression of procollagen alphal(IV) than normal glucose concentration. Angiotensin II increases the collagen mRNA expression directly and this effect was significantly prevented by ACE inhibitor. This result suggests that hyperglycemia in diabetic millieu can directly increase collagen production, and ACE inhibitor may inhibit progressive glomerulosclerosis by decreasing collagen production as well as reducing intraglomerular pressure.
Angiotensin II ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ; Angiotensins* ; Collagen ; Collagen Type IV ; Culture Media ; Extracellular Matrix ; Glucose* ; Hemodynamics ; Humans* ; Hyperglycemia ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Mesangial Cells* ; Models, Animal ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A ; Procollagen ; RNA, Messenger*

BACKGROUND: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) can lead to various neurologic outcomes in patients with hypoxicischemic encephalopathy (HIE). This study investigated the usefulness of clinical markers and electroencephalography (EEG) in predicting the neurologic prognosis of HIE after CPR. METHODS: We reviewed the clinical findings of 51 patients with HIE, including the medical history, the duration from the onset of symptoms to the recovery of spontaneous circulation, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and Full Outline of Unresponsiveness (FOUR) scores, and presence of seizure or status epilepticus. Patients were divided into three outcomes groups: death, persistent vegetative state, and recovering alertness and awareness. Digital EEG and visual and quantitative analyses were performed in each patient. For quantitative EEG (qEEG) analysis, we defined and compared the distance in the spatial band-power patterns and phase coherence patterns between healthy normal subjects and each patient. RESULTS: Patients with HIE showed a high mortality rate (54.9%, 28/51), and their neurologic prognosis was significantly related to the initial GCS and FOUR scores. In the qEEG analysis, patients' groups showed a prominent delta frequency band, and the healthy normal group presented a marked alpha predominance. As the severity decreased, the similarity in the spatial band-power pattern and functional connectivity pattern between normal subjects and patients increased. CONCLUSIONS: Low initial GCS and FOUR scores could be predictive of a poor neurologic prognosis in patients with HIE, and qEEG analysis might be a useful predictor of their neurologic outcomes.
Biomarkers ; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; Electroencephalography ; Glasgow Coma Scale ; Humans ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain ; Persistent Vegetative State ; Prognosis ; Seizures ; Status Epilepticus

BACKGROUND: Epileptic seizures can be associated with changes in autonomic functions. This study evaluated heart rate (HR) changes at the transition from the preictal to the ictal state in patients with epileptic seizures, and investigated whether peri-ictal HR changes can help to predict electroencephalography (EEG) seizures prior to their onset. METHODS: We retrospectively studied 94 seizures in 33 patients who underwent video-EEG monitoring with scalp EEG and electrocardiography. The existence and initial timing of HR changes relative to the onset of EEG seizures were determined by analyzing consecutive RR-interval changes in 10-minute recordings. We evaluated the correlation between the peri-ictal HR changes and the type of localization-related epilepsy. RESULTS: Peri-ictal HR changes were documented in 70.2% (66/94) of all seizures, of which 62 were tachycardia (66.0%) and 4 were bradycardia (4.3%). Peri-ictal tachycardia occurred significantly with seizures as an ictal manifestation, more often in seizures with a right hemispheric onset than in those with a left hemispheric onset (77.4% vs. 50%, p=0.016). Peri-ictal HR changes were observed much earlier in seizures of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) than in those of extratemporal lobe epilepsy (-54.4 s vs. -6.7 s, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Peri-ictal HR changes were observed in 70.2% of seizures, 94% of which were tachycardia. These changes could be helpful in predicting seizure onset, especially in mesial TLE.
Bradycardia ; Electrocardiography ; Electroencephalography ; Epilepsies, Partial ; Epilepsy ; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe ; Heart ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Scalp ; Seizures ; Tachycardia

Central diabetes insipidus (DI) is a disease caused by insufficient release of antidiuretic hormone. Central DI with lung cancer is very rare. Most of them are caused by the pituitary metastasis, and rarely, by the paraneoplastic syndromes. Central DI is diagnosed by the water deprivation test. The treatment consists of surgical resection, radiotherapy and administration of desmopressin. We report an unusual case of central DI with non-small cell lung cancer. The diagnosis was confirmed by water deprivation test. After the administration of desmopressin, the urine osmolarity was increased. The patient's symptoms and urine osmolarity were improved by intranasal desmopressin.
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung* ; Deamino Arginine Vasopressin ; Diabetes Insipidus, Neurogenic* ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Osmolar Concentration ; Paraneoplastic Syndromes ; Radiotherapy ; Water Deprivation

The basic laboratory test for diagnosis of hematological diseases most widely used is microscopic examination of blood smear slides. The purpose of development of integrated hematological management program of microscopic examination is to improve effectiveness of microscopic examination of blood smear slides and to offer references consistent and easy to use. The lists of various blood cells and hematological diseases were prepared, and 2,589 microscopic photo slides were made corresponding to these lists. The images made of microscopic photo slides were developed through multimedia PC and slide scanner. Thirty-seven references always used for hernatological diagnosis were arranged in the form of tables and figures. With integration of these images and references, an application software consists of functions such as reports of peripheral blood cell morphology and bone marrow examination, stepwise learning of diagnostic procedures, finding hematology atlas and references, and reports of other special hematology laboratory tests was developed. The development tool was Visual FoxPro (version 5 .Oa, Microsoft, USA). Internet hematology atlas contained in the homepage of Department of Clinical Pathology of Seoul National University Hospital were also prepared. The contents developed in this study may be a good guideline for diagnosis of hematological diseases. As a good supporting material, hematology atlas, references and internet homepage will be basic study materials that will help medical students and clinicians understand the workflow of hematological diagnosis.
Blood Cells ; Bone Marrow Examination ; Diagnosis ; Education ; Hematologic Diseases ; Hematology* ; Humans ; Internet ; Learning ; Multimedia* ; Pathology, Clinical ; Seoul ; Students, Medical