Venous hemangioma is a vascular tumor that has been reported by such diverse names as; "cirsoid aneurysm", "arteriovenous hemangioma", "acral arteriovenous tumor" according to the author's opinions of its origin and histopathologic classification. It is benign and rarely biopsied, and it is also rarely reported in dermatology literature. We present two cases of venous hemangioma. The first case was a 64-year-old man who was presented with an elliptical dark-red plaque with overlying several grouped papules on the left periorbital area which had been present for 7 years. The second case was a 56-year-old man who was presented with a single red papule on the right postauricular area which had been present for 4 months. Histopathologically, there were a well-circumscribed proliferation of thick-walled muscle-containing blood vessels in the dermis. Intermingled with the thick-walled blood vessels, there were also thin-walled dilated blood vessels. In both cases, the thick-walled blood vessels resembled arteries, but they lacked elastic fibers on the Verhoeff van Gieson stain.
Arteries ; Blood Vessels ; Classification ; Dermatology ; Dermis ; Elastic Tissue ; Hemangioma* ; Humans ; Middle Aged

PURPOSE: This study aimed to develop a "Palliative Care Professional" education program and evaluate its effects on the recognition of good death, palliative care, and the meaning of life for nurses. METHODS: It was developed based on the hospice care program for volunteers being used in the Hospice Palliative Care Research Center of S University in Seoul. It was also based on the studies which investigated the educational needs of nurses in palliative care. This program consisted of 5 sessions and 16 content items for 2 weeks. A non-equivalent control group non-synchronized design was utilized and participants were assigned to the experimental group (n=42) or the control group (n=44). RESULTS: The recognition of a good death (F=11.44, p=.001), palliative care (F=4.15, p=.045), and the meaning of life (F=5.12, p=.026) increased more significantly for participants in the experimental group than in the control group. Participants felt that they gained further knowledge in palliative patient management and refined their clinical practice. CONCLUSION: The results of the study indicate that this program could serve as a practical program for palliative care nursing in the nursing field and suggests that more attention should be directed to the diverse educational needs of nurses.
Adult ; Attitude to Death ; Female ; *Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Male ; Nursing Staff/*psychology ; *Palliative Care ; *Program Development ; *Program Evaluation ; Young Adult

No abstract available.
Breast* ; Glucuronidase* ; Lipase* ; Milk, Human*

No abstract available.
Angiofibroma ; Carbon ; Carbon Dioxide ; Lasers, Gas

This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of intravitreal injection of tPA &C3F8 gas in submacular hemorrhage. Fourteen patients with sub-macular hemorrhage received an intravitreal injection of tPA &C3F8 gas and maintained face down position for 2 weeks. We investigated the feature of blood absorption, the correlation between underlying disease, hemorrhage size, duration and visual outcome. Underlying disease seemed to be a prognostic factor related to final visual acuity. Patients with choroidal rupture had better visual prognosis than those with age-related macular degeneration. The duration between the formation of submacular hemorrhage and treatment was correlated with final visual acuity, however, it was not sta-tisticallly significant. We have shown that submacular hemorrhage could be displaced by tPA and C3F8 gas injection in our most cases. In 7 of total 14 cases, visual acuity improved. The result suggests that this technique may be good for the initial treatment if done in appropriate timing in cases of submacular hemorrhage due to its simplicity and it can achieve relatively good results.
Absorption ; Choroid ; Hemorrhage* ; Humans ; Intravitreal Injections ; Macular Degeneration ; Prognosis ; Rupture ; Tissue Plasminogen Activator ; Visual Acuity

As the incidence of diet-related diseases increase, much attention has been focused of traditional foods. Traditional foods are ultimately based on local foods. However, there has been little study looking into the recipes and nutritional value of local foods. Therefore, the present study was designed to standardize recipes and analyze the nutrients of some representative local foods of Cheollabuk-do Province. Their foods were Cheonju pibimpap, kongnamulgukpap, minmuljangokui, aejeotchim and aguytichim. Test recipes for each food were prepared, being based on various information obtained from personal interviews, literature surveys of restaurant recipes. Then test recepe was subjected to sensory evaluation. All characteristics of each food were judged as "satisfactory". The analysis of nutrient composition revealed that in general energy content was low whereas protein content was as high as recommended reguirement in all foods except for kongnamulgukpap. Vitamin content was generally high but contents of calcium and iron were relatively low in all foods. Cheonju pibimpap was rich in dietary fiber. Dietary fiber content of Cheonju pibimpap was 16.6g per serving size. All foods contained considerable amounts of essential amino acids. The major fatty acide were oleic acid, linoleic acid and glutamic acid, oleic acid being the highest in terms of composition ratio.
Amino Acids, Essential ; Calcium ; Dietary Fiber ; Glutamic Acid ; Humans ; Incidence ; Iron ; Jeollabuk-do* ; Linoleic Acid ; Nutritive Value ; Oleic Acid ; Restaurants ; Serving Size ; Vitamins

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to compare quality indicators for the hemodialysis services between patients with health insurance and those with medical aid. METHODS: This study used data from sampled hospitals that provided a hemodialysis service. A total of 2287 patients were selected, and the information for hemodialysis service has been granted from medical record reviews. A multi-level regression analysis was used to examine the differences in process and outcome indicators for hemodialysis between patients with health insurance and those with medical aid. Process indicators were defined as: frequency of hemodialysis, hemodialysis time, erythropoietin (EPO) use, measurement of hemodialysis dose at least once a month, measurement of phosphate at least once every three months, and measurement of albumin at least once every three months. Outcome indicators were defined as: hemodialysis adequacy, anemia management, blood pressure management, and calcium, phosphate and nutrition management. The total scores for outcome indicators ranged from 0 (worst) to 4 (best). RESULTS: There was a significant difference in the measurement of hemodialysis dose at least once a month between patients with health insurance and those with medical aid (OR 0.66, 95% CI=0.43-0.99). However, frequency of hemodialysis, hemodialysis time, EPO use, measurement of phosphate at least once every three months, measurement of albumin at least once every three months, hemodialysis adequacy management, Hb> or =11 g/dL, blood pressure within the range of 100-140/60-90 mmHg, calcium x phosphate< or =55 g2/dL2 and albumin> or =4 g/dL were not significantly different between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: There were no significant differences in outcome indicators for hemodialysis between the groups. Further studies are warranted into the mechanism that results in no differences in the outcome indicators for hemodialysis.
Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Insurance, Health/*classification ; Male ; Medical Audit ; Middle Aged ; *Quality Indicators, Health Care ; *Quality of Health Care ; Renal Dialysis/*standards ; Republic of Korea

PURPOSES: To evaluate the effect of riluzole (water soluble vitamin E, antioxidant) and trolox(glutamatergic neurotransmission antagonist) in transient retinal ischemia. METHODS: The effects of two drugs were investigated in a gerbil model of retinal ischemic injury. Retinal ischemia was induced by clipping both common carotid arteries for 15 minutes. In group I (10 eyes), 10 gerbils received an intraperitoneal injection of the saline, and in group II (10 eyes), riluzole was injected 30 minutes before ischemia and 30 minutes after the end of the ischemic insult and once daily during the recovery period. In group III (10 eyes), trolox was injected and in group IV (10 eyes), riluzole and trolox were injected in a same manner. Electroretinograms were recorded before ischemia and after 1 hour, 2 days, and 7days of reperfusion. Retinas were harvested for histopathology (hematoxyline-eosin staining and Tdt-dUTP terminal nick-end labeling method). RESULTS: Ischemia for 15 minutes caused reduction of a- and b- waves of the electroretinogram. Treatments with riluzole or trolox significantly enhanced the recovery of the reduced a-and b-waves after reperfusion. Combined treatment with riluzole and trolox also enhanced the recovery of the reduced a-and b-waves, but synergistic effect was not observed. Riluzole and trolox also prevented or attenuated ischemia induced cell death (necrosis and apoptosis). CONCLUSIONS: Riluzole and trolox acted in vivo as a potent neuroprotective agents against transient retinal ischemic model. Therefore, riluzole and trolox may be a major drug for use in the protection against retinal ischemic injury.
Apoptosis ; Carotid Artery, Common ; Cell Death ; Gerbillinae ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Ischemia* ; Necrosis ; Neuroprotective Agents ; Reperfusion ; Retina ; Retinaldehyde* ; Riluzole* ; Synaptic Transmission ; Vitamin E ; Vitamins

OBJECTIVES: A web-based survey has been administered annually since 2005 throughout Korea to assess the prevalence of adolescent health risk behaviors among middle and high school students. The aim of this study was to evaluate the test-retest reliability of the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (KYRBWS) questionnaire. METHODS: A convenience sample of 2298 middle and high school students participated in self-administered questionnaire surveys twice, approximately two weeks apart, in 2008. The percent agreement, kappa statistics, and prevalence rates at the first and second surveys were computed for the core subset of 39 self-reported health risk behavior indices of the KYRBWS. RESULTS: Among 39 indices, seven indices had kappas > or = 0.81 and all of the indices had kappas > or = 0.41. Based on non-overlapping 95% confidence intervals, three indices had significantly different prevalence rates between the first and second surveys. In the subgroup analyses by school grade and gender, two indices had significantly different reliability estimates between middle and high school students. There were no significantly different reliability estimates between male and female students, except for one index. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that the reliability estimates for the KYRBWS questionnaire are varied, but generally reliable over time. The indices with low reliability estimates need to be evaluated further in order to determine whether the indices should be modified or deleted from future versions of the KYRBWS.
Adolescent ; *Adolescent Behavior ; Alcohol Drinking/*epidemiology ; Child ; Confidence Intervals ; Data Collection ; Female ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity/epidemiology ; Internet ; Male ; Oral Health ; Pregnancy ; Prevalence ; *Questionnaires ; Reproducibility of Results ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; *Risk-Taking ; Sexual Behavior ; Smoking/*epidemiology ; Substance-Related Disorders/*epidemiology ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVES: Self-reported anthropometric values, such as height and weight, are used to calculate body mass index (BMI) and assess the prevalence of obesity among adolescents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity of self-reported height, weight, and BMI of the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey questionnaire. METHODS: A convenience sample of 137 middle school students and 242 high school students completed a self-administered questionnaire in 2008. Body height and weight were directly measured after self-reported values were obtained from the questionnaire survey. Sensitivity, specificity, and kappa statistics were computed in order to evaluate the validity of the prevalence of obesity (BMI > or = 95th percentile or > or = 25 kg/m2) based on self-reported data. RESULTS: Self-reported weight and BMI tended to be underestimated. Self-reported height tended to be overestimated among middle school females and high school males. Obese adolescents tended to underestimate their weight and BMI and overestimate their height more than non-obese adolescents. The prevalence estimate of obesity based on self-reported data (10.6%) was lower than that based on directly measured data (15.3%). The estimated sensitivity of obesity based on self-reported data was 69.0% and the specificity was 100.0%. The value of kappa was 0.79 (95% confidence interval, 0.70-0.88). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that self-reported height and weight may lead to the underestimation of BMI and consequently the prevalence of obesity. These biases should be taken into account when self-reported data are used for monitoring the prevalence and trends of obesity among adolescents nationwide.
Adolescent ; Adolescent Behavior ; *Body Height ; *Body Mass Index ; *Body Weight ; Confidence Intervals ; Data Collection ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Obesity/*epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Questionnaires ; Republic of Korea ; Risk-Taking ; Sensitivity and Specificity