This study was carried out to obtain the basic data for artificial culture of veiled lady mushroom (Dictyophora spp). The optimal conditions for the mycelial growth were 25degrees C and pH 5.0 for all isolates except the optimal temperature of 30degrees C for D. echinovolvata ASI 32002 and Phallus rugulosus . The optimal medium for Dictyophora spp. was PBA (potato bamboo sawdust extract agar) medium. The strain ASI 32002, D. echinovolvata , grew faster than. D. indusiata ASI 32003 and Phallus rugulosus ASI 25007 on the medium. Carbon sources such as glucose, maltose and inuline were favorable for stimulating a mycelial growth of the two strains of ASI 32002 and ASI 32003. Asparagine and glutamine appeared to be favorable to the strain ASI 32002 and ASI 32003, where as alanine, one of nitrogen source also favorable to the strain ASI 32002. The optimum C/N ratio of the two isolates of ASI 32002 and ASI 32003 was about 25 : 1 when 2% glucose as carbon source was mixed with the basal medium. While, in the case of 4% as carbon source, the optimum C/N ratio was about 30 : 1.
Agaricales* ; Alanine ; Asparagine ; Carbon ; Cultural Characteristics* ; Glucose ; Glutamine ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Inulin ; Maltose ; Nitrogen

A 28-year-old man with Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the gastric wall and hypophysial infundibulum had received local radiation therapy to the infundibulum. Eight months later he presented with left inferior temporal quadrantanopsia of the left eye. Brain MRI revealed multiple nodular enhancing lesions involving brainstem, left external capsule, both temporal lobes, prechiasmatic optic nerves and basal ganglia. After dexamethasone chemotherapy there had been partial remission. During tapering dexamethasone the symptom aggravated and then despite etoposide chemotherapy the size and number of lesions increased.
Adult ; Basal Ganglia ; Brain Stem ; Brain* ; Central Nervous System* ; Dexamethasone ; Drug Therapy ; Etoposide ; Hemianopsia ; Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell* ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Optic Nerve ; Temporal Lobe

No abstract available.
Anemia* ; Erythropoietin* ; Humans*

PURPOSE: We report seven cases of pancreas transplantation, first performed in Korea, in the context of postsurgical radiologic studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus received transplants from cadevaric(n=6) or living related donor(n=1). Retrospective analysis of 27 US(including 19 Duplex US), two CT, four MRi, and three scintigraphy for these patients was made with surgico-pathological correlation in five cases. RESULT:Of the seven patients, three-month graft survival was five and one-year survival was two. One patient died of abdominal abscess following surgery. US gave the valuable informations regarding the graff swelling, vascular complication, and perigraff fluid collection. RBC bleeding scan was effective of the presence or absence and location of intestinal bleeding. CT was useful in determining the extent and severity of the pancreatitis. MRI gave a little information about functional status of the grafted pancreas. CONCLUSION: The choice of appropriate imaging modalities for postsurgical work up in patients who had pacreas transplantation depends on the clinical conditions of the patients and complications suspected. Further prospective studies appear to be necessary to eatablish the interval and modality choice for early detection of the complication.
Abdominal Abscess ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ; Graft Survival ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Korea ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Pancreas Transplantation* ; Pancreas* ; Pancreatitis ; Radionuclide Imaging ; Retrospective Studies ; Transplants

BACKGROUND: Angiogenesis is essential for tumor growth and metastasis. Vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF), also known as vascular permeability factor(VPF), is an angiogenic factor that plays important roles in tumor growth. Angiogenesis studies on VEGF deal with various types of malignant tumors, but little is known about the role or significance of VEGF in human thyroid neoplasms. Therefore, this study was performed to determine whether the VEGF expression in different histological types of thyroid tumors is altered and to see if there was a relationship between the expression of VEGF and either metastasis or the invasiveness of thyroid carcinomas. METHODS: Forty-two cases that underwent thyroidectomy at Kosin Medical Center, between March, 1999 and February, 2000, were included in this study. Of the 42 cases, 27 were malignant(26 papillary carcinoma, 1 Hurthle cell carcinoma) and 15 were benign lesions. The expression of VEGF was determined by immunohistochemistry using paraffin embedded thyroid tissue blocks, and was quantified as negative(absent), +(1~24%), ++(25~49%), +++(50~74%) and ++++(> or =75%), according to the extent of positive cells. RESULTS: VEGF was stained with red-brown colored granules in the cytoplasm of the thyroid tumor epithelium and was expressed in 27 of the 42 cases(+1, ++8, +++5, ++++13). Most malignant tumors(24 of 27 cases) were stained with VEGF, but only 3 of the 15 benign tumors cases were stained(P<0.001). When the VEGF expression was divided into ++ or below and +++ or above groups, the expression of VEGF was much more extensive in the malignant than benign tumors(P<0.001). Of the 27 malignant tumors cases, lymph node metastasis and/or invasion was noted in 13. VEGF expression was more extensive in malignant tumors with lymph node metastasis and/or invasion than in those without(P<0.001). CONCLUSION: In this study, the rate and extent of VEGF expression were greater in the malignant than the benign thyroid tumors, and also the extent of VEGF expression was the extent of VEGF greater in the malignant tumors with lymph node metastasis and/or invasion than those without
Angiogenesis Inducing Agents ; Capillary Permeability ; Carcinoma, Papillary ; Cytoplasm ; Epithelium ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Paraffin ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; Thyroidectomy ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A*

Although many techniques are available to assess enamel erosion in vitro, a simple, non-destructive method with sufficient sensitivity for quantifying dental erosion is required. This study characterized the bovine dental enamel erosion induced by various acidic beverages in vitro using attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. Deionized water (control) and 10 acidic beverages were selected to study erosion, and the pH and neutralizable acidity were measured. Bovine anterior teeth (110) were polished with up to 1 200-grit silicon carbide paper to produce flat enamel surfaces, which were then immersed in 20 mL of the beverages for 30 min at 37 °C. The degree of erosion was evaluated using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and Vickers’ microhardness measurements. The spectra obtained were interpreted in two ways that focused on the ν1, ν3 phosphate contour: the ratio of the height amplitude of ν3 PO4 to that of ν1 PO4 (Method 1) and the shift of the ν3 PO4 peak to a higher wavenumber (Method 2). The percentage changes in microhardness after the erosion treatments were primarily affected by the pH of the immersion media. Regression analyses revealed highly significant correlations between the surface hardness change and the degree of erosion, as detected by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy (Po0.001). Method 1 was the most sensitive to these changes, followed by surface hardness change measurements and Method 2. This study suggests that ATRFTIR spectroscopy is potentially advantageous over the microhardness test as a simple, non-destructive, sensitive technique for the quantification of enamel erosion.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty of chronic total occlusion has been limited by a relatively low success rate and a high restenosis rate. This study investigated procedural outcome, factors predictive of procedural success and safety of coronary angioplasty for chronic total coronary occlusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study population was composed of 45 lesions attempting PTCA with or without stent implantation for recanalization of chronic total coronary occlusion between January 1997 and July 1999. The clinical and angiographic data of the 45 lesions were reviewed. The results of successful PTCA in 28 lesions were compared with those in 17 lesions whose PTCA was failed. RESULTS: The overall success of balloon angioplasty and stenting was achieved in 28 lesions (62.2%) and did not differ significantly by clinical variables. The most common cause of failure of balloon angioplasty was inability to pass the guide wire across the occlusion( 14 of 23 lesions, 61%). Procedural success was more common in patients with occlusions with a tapered entry configuration(77.2% vs. 47.8%, p=.042), with lesions without side branches(82.3% vs. 50%, p=.03). Multiple logistic regression analysis identified the absence of side branch(p<0.01) and the presence of a tapered entry configuration(p<0.05) as independent predictors of procedural success. One case(2.2%) needed emergency coronary bypass surgery after failure to recanalize the occluded vessel. There was no Q wave acute myocardial infarction, death. CONCLUSIONS: The favorable cases(>60%) of chronic total coronary occlusions can be successfully dilated by balloon angioplasty with or without stent implantation, with a major complication rate of 2.2%. Therefore, with careful patient selection, we need to try the aggressive recanalization for chronic total coronary occlusion.
Angioplasty ; Angioplasty, Balloon ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary* ; Coronary Occlusion ; Emergencies ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Myocardial Infarction ; Patient Selection ; Stents

Tinnitus-the perception of sound in the absence of an actual external sound-represents a symptom of an underlying condition rather than a single disease. Several theories have been proposed to explain the mechanisms underlying tinnitus. Tinnitus generators are theoretically located in the auditory pathway, and such generators and various mechanisms occurring in the peripheral auditory system have been explained in terms of spontaneous otoacoustic emissions, edge theory, and discordant theory. Those present in the central auditory system have been explained in terms of the dorsal cochlear nucleus, the auditory plasticity theory, the crosstalk theory, the somatosensory system, and the limbic and autonomic nervous systems. Treatments for tinnitus include pharmacotherapy, cognitive and behavioral therapy, sound therapy, music therapy, tinnitus retraining therapy, massage and stretching, and electrical suppression. This paper reviews the characteristics, causes, mechanisms, and treatments of tinnitus.
Auditory Pathways ; Autonomic Nervous System ; Cochlear Nucleus ; Massage ; Music Therapy ; Otoacoustic Emissions, Spontaneous ; Tinnitus

Lung lavage is an accepted modality for treatment of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. The procedure can be accomplished by the use of double lumen endobronchial tube, with lavaging of one lung while the other is ventilated. As lung lavage is an intentional drowning, particular attention must be paid to potentially serious complications such as severe hypoxemia. We report a case of lung lavage in a patient with secondary pulmonary alveolar proteinosis performed safely by careful monitoring of oxygenation and hemodynamics.
Anoxia ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage* ; Drowning ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Lung ; Oxygen ; Pneumoconiosis* ; Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis*

BACKGROUND: In korea, significant proportion of victims with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest have no change to survive because some physicians regard the victim with cardiac arrest outside the hospital as the dead and they do not attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR). And we cannot expect bystander-initiated CPR and emergency medical system in resuscitating the victims with cardiac arrest. We studies the outcome of resuscitation attempts and the factor associated with survival in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in current situation of emegency medical system. Method: We attempted cardiopulmonary resuscitation(by standard guidelines) in 74 consecutive victims with non-traumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in emergency department. RESULTS: Of 74 victims with cardiac arrest 35(47%) had no any restoration of spotaneous circulation(ROSC), 26(35%) had transient ROSC but died within 24 hours,6(8%) survived over 24 hours but died in the hospital, and 7(10%) discharged alive. Factors associated with survival were cardiac origin as a cause of cardiac arrest, ventricular fibrillation as a initial ECG rhythm, and short circulatory arrest time. CONCLUSION: Survival rate of victims with non-traumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest was 10%. Considering the feasibility to survive, CPR should be attempted in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest if do-no-resusciate(DNR) is not indicated.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; Electrocardiography ; Emergencies ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Heart Arrest ; Humans ; Korea ; Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest* ; Resuscitation* ; Survival Rate ; Ventricular Fibrillation