OBJECTIVE: To know the clinical features of overuse injury in performing musicians and to evaluate related factors that may affect the overuse injury and playing related pain. METHODS: Eighty professional musicians and music college students were examined during 1 year. All were examined by a history taking, physical examination, radiologic exam and if needed electromyography. Nonparametric Sperman's correlation were used for the statistic analysis and 5 interval grading system, visual analog scale for pain, and stress, criteria of joint hypermobility were used for various measurements. RESULTS: Fifty four men were studied in 3 music colleges and a professional orchestra. Frequency of symptom was 46.3%. The string players were most frequently affected (65%), whereas the wind instrument players were least frequently affected (11.5%). The most commonly affected site was the hand and wrist (54.2%) followed by the spine. Patients were divided by the severity into 5 groups and among them the grade 1 was most common (29.6%). No significant correlation was seen between the practice hours per week but a significant correlation was noted between the stress and playing related pain. Joint hypermobility plays an important role in music playing which is dependent on the kind of instruments. CONCLUSION: Incidence of the overuse injury in musicians is high in Korea and the prevention and early treatment are essential for the good outcome of overuse syndrome.
Cumulative Trauma Disorders* ; Electromyography ; Hand ; Humans ; Incidence ; Joint Instability ; Korea ; Male ; Music ; Physical Examination ; Spine ; Visual Analog Scale ; Wind ; Wrist

One author's affiliation is misspelled in original article.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the jumper's knee for the symptoms and diagnostics by MRI and ultrasonography in basket ball players. METHOD: Twenty knees of 10 basketball players with chronic knee pain were assessed by the history taking, physical examination and diagnosis by magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography. Their average age was 17.4 years. Stanish classification is used for grading the symptoms of jumper's knee. RESULTS: Nine proximal patellar tendons were diagnosed as jumper's knees (45%) and 11 distal tendons were diagnosed as jumper's knees (55%). In ultrasonographic findings, average proximal patellar tendon thickness was 4.5 mm+/-1.2 mm, and distal patella tendon thickness was 7.1+/-1.1 mm. Sensitivity was 63% (12/19) and specificity was rated as 100% (21/21). By the MRI findings, sensitivity was rated as 32% (6/19) and specificity was rated as 90% (16/21). Study between the patient's clinical severity level by Stanish classification and thickness of patellar tendon showed no significant correlation (<0.5). CONCLUSION: The ultrasonography to be more convenient and easier as a diagnostic method for the jumper's knee than MRI.
Basketball ; Classification ; Diagnosis ; Knee* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Patellar Ligament ; Physical Examination ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Tendons ; Ultrasonography*

BACKGROUND: This study was performed to develop a dietary self-efficacy questionnaire and to determine how dietary self-efficacy is related to selected biochemical markers and health-related quality of life in hemodialysis patients. METHODS: Participants included 172 patients who had been participating in a dialysis program for at least 6 months at two teaching hospitals. A questionnaire was used to assess socio-demographic factors, dialysis-related factors, dietary self-efficacy, and kidney disease quality of life (KDQOL). Serum levels of potassium and phosphorus and interdialytic weight gain were also measured. RESULTS: The internal reliability of dietary self-efficacy was 0.944 (Cronbach's alpha). Principal component analysis resulted in two factors, situational self-efficacy of compliance with dietary guidelines and self-efficacy of food choice. The correlation analysis showed a significant association between situational self-efficacy of compliance with dietary guidelines and serum potassium and KIDQOL. The average scores of situational self-efficacy of compliance with dietary guidelines and self-efficacy of food choice in the participants were 3.52+/-0.72 and 3.61+/-0.71 respectively. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the situational self-efficacy of compliance with dietary guidelines was significantly associated with serum potassium level and KDQOL and self-efficacy of food choice was significantly associated with KDQOL. CONCLUSIONS: Based on our results, the developed dietary self-efficacy questionnaire may be a suitable survey tool for hemodialysis patients, which can play a role in predicting clinical indicators of patient and health-related quality of life. We recommend further research into clarifying whether the positive effects of increased dietary self-efficacy is maintained in long-term dialysis patients.
Biomarkers ; Compliance ; Dialysis ; Diet ; Hospitals, Teaching ; Humans ; Kidney Diseases ; Linear Models ; Phosphorus ; Potassium ; Principal Component Analysis ; Quality of Life ; Renal Dialysis ; Self Efficacy ; Weight Gain

PURPOSE: Goggles are frequently worn in the sport of swimming and are designed to form a seal around the periorbital tissue orbit. The resultant pressure on the eye may have the potential to affect intraocular pressure and blood flow of the optic nerve head. This study evaluates the influence of wearing swimming goggles on intraocular pressure (IOP) and blood flow of the ocular nerve head (ONH) in normal subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty healthy participants took part in this study. The IOP of each participant was measured using a Goldmann tonometer. Measurements were taken immediately before putting on swimming goggles, at 5, 10, 30, and 60 minutes after putting on swimming goggles, and then immediately after taking off the goggles. Blood flow of the ONH was measured using the Heidelberg retinal flowmeter. RESULTS: The average IOP before, during and after wearing the swimming goggles were 11.88 +/- 2.82mmHg, 14.20 +/- 2.81 mmHg and 11.78 +/- 2.89mmHg, respectively. The IOP increased immediately after putting on the goggles (p < 0.05) and then returned to normal values immediately after removal (p > 0.05). Blood flow of the ONH was 336.60 +/- 89.07 Arbitrary Units (AU) before and 319.18 +/- 96.02 AU after the goggles were worn (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: A small but significant IOP elevation was observed immediately after the swimming goggles were put on. This elevated IOP was maintained while the goggles were kept on, and then returned to normal levels as soon as they were taken off. Blood flow of the ONH did not change significantly throughout the experiment. These facts should be considered for safety concerns, especially in advanced glaucoma patients.
Adult ; Eye Protective Devices/*adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; *Intraocular Pressure ; Male ; Optic Disk/*blood supply ; Regional Blood Flow ; *Swimming ; Time Factors

Anthocyanidins, the aglycones of anthocyanins, are natural colorants belonging to the flavonoid family. Cyanidin is one of the anthocyanidins, used for their antioxidant properties. Furthermore, previous studies have shown anthocyanidin-rich material extracts or aglycone form inhibit growth and induce apoptosis of cancer cells. But, Tumor metastasis is the most important cause of cancer death, and various treatment strategies have targeted on preventing the occurrence of metastasis. This study investigated the effects of cyanidin on metastasis processes, including motility, invasion and activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell lines. We cultured MDA-MB-231 cells in presence of various concentrations 0, 5, 10 and 20 micrometer of cyanidin. The cell motility was significantly decreased dosedependently in cells treated with cyanidin (p < 0.05) and cyanidin treatment caused the significant suppression of the invasion (p < 0.05). MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities, and MMP-9 mRNA express were not affected by anthocyanin treatment. In conclusion, cyanidin inhibits cell motility, invasion in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell lines.
Anthocyanins ; Apoptosis ; Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Cell Line ; Cell Movement ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; RNA, Messenger

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to compare public stigma against mental patients and mental patients' perceived stigma. METHODS: 549 members of general populations participated in the survey which included questions regarding prejudice and discrimination against mental mental patients, while 377 mental patients participated in the survey which included questions regarding perceived prejudice, experienced discrimination and a coping orientation to social stigma. RESULTS: The mental patients perceived prejudice more compared to public prejudice toward the mental patients. And they experienced discrimination less compared to public's practice of discrimination against mental patients. Also mental patients used passive-avoidance coping orientation against social stigma. CONCLUSION: This study concluded that consumer empowerment program for mental patients is just important as anti-stigma campaign.
Discrimination (Psychology) ; Humans ; Mentally Ill Persons* ; Power (Psychology) ; Prejudice ; Social Stigma

Retinal pigment epithelial cells(RPE) from a monolayer on the outer portion of sensory retina and have important physiologic functions that include solute transport, phagocytiosis and digestion of membrances shed from photoreceptor outer segments, and drug detoxication. Recently, transplantation of normal RPE has been proposed as a potential therapeutic modality in the surgical management of subretinal neovascularization in age related macular degeneration(ARMD). The viability of RPE at the time of transplantation is important for a good result after transplantation. This viability can be influenced by the period and environmental conditions of storage after harvest.In this study, the influence of these two factors on the viability was evaluated under controlling other remaining factors in vitro. And limitation of masimal time and optimal environmental conditions of storage were investigated.From November 1997 to February 1998, RPE cell sheets from six donor eyeballs for corneal transplantation in the department of ophthalmology of Severance Hospital were harvested and stored in -70degrees C, 4degrees C, or room temperature condotion. The viability of RPE cells at 0, 24 and 48 hours after havest was assessed and compared statistically.The viability was highest at 4degrees C condition. During storage, the viability was about 95% at 24 hours for and decreased abruptly to below 90% at 48 hours. Therefore, RPE cells for transplantation are to be stored at 4degrees C condition and transplantation should be performed within 24 hours after harvest.
Corneal Transplantation ; Digestion ; Epithelial Cells* ; Humans* ; Macular Degeneration ; Ophthalmology ; Retina ; Retinaldehyde* ; Tissue Donors*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Male*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of a comprehensive smoking cessation program for Korean adolescents. METHOD: The study design was quasi-experimental with one pre and three post-tests. The three posttests were done immediately after, three months later, and six months after the completion of the program. A total of 43 high school students who smoked participated in the study with 22 in the experimental group and 21 in the control group. The smoking cessation program consisted of 9 sessions with content on enhancement of self-efficacy, stress management, correction of distorted thoughts, consciousness raising, and assertiveness training. The study variables were urine cotinine levels, self-efficacy, stress, and stages of changed behavior. RESULTS: Urine cotinine levels significantly decreased in the experimental group after the program (F=3.02, p=.06) but significantly increased in the control group (F=6.32, p=.004). Self-efficacy and the degree of stress did not change in either group. The stages of smoking cessation behavior tended to change when compared with raw data for the experimental group. For most participants, the stages of change had been precontemplation and contemplation, but changed to action and maintenance stage among the experimental group. CONCLUSION: The program was effective in smoking cessation and influencing stages of change but did not change psychosocial factors such as self-efficacy and stress. It is suggested a program should be developed to change psychosocial variables on a long-term basis. It is also desirable to involve peers and families of adolescents who smoke when planning programs to enhance social support.
Adolescent ; Adolescent Behavior ; Adolescent Health Services/*organization & administration ; Adolescent Psychology ; Analysis of Variance ; Attitude to Health ; Cotinine/urine ; Educational Status ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Korea ; Longitudinal Studies ; Needs Assessment ; Patient Education as Topic/*organization & administration ; Personality Inventory ; Program Development ; Program Evaluation ; Questionnaires ; School Health Services/*organization & administration ; Self Efficacy ; Smoking/*prevention & control/psychology/urine ; Smoking Cessation/*methods/psychology ; Stress, Psychological/complications/psychology