No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant* ; Parturition*

PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of continuous nutritional education and oral mucositis management on the nutritive status of patients who received hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). METHODS: After randomly allotting 72 patients who received HSCT to either an experimental group or a control group, intensive and continuous care for preventing malnutrition was conducted in the experimental group while usual routine care was conducted in the control group. The changes of the body scale, blood chemistry profile, oral intake calories, nausea and vomitus, and oral stomatitis scores were measured at three points during their hospitalization using a oral assessment guide and nutrition analysis program: admission, HSCT, and discharge day. The differences between the scores of two groups were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of covariance. RESULTS: The number of total lymphocytes was significantly improved in the experimental group after transplantation (p<.001). Nausea and vomiting score was significantly decreased in the experimental group during the conditioning regimen (p<.001). CONCLUSION: It was found that continuous nutritional education and oral mucositis control is an effective intervention by improving immune condition. Further investigations concerning direct examination of oral intake with controlling the effect of the chemotherapy are needed to ultimately discern the impact of varying oral nutrition patterns during HSCT.
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Lymphocytes ; Malnutrition ; Nausea ; Nutritional Status ; Stomatitis ; Transplants ; Vomiting

BACKGROUND: In the Duffy blood group system (Fy(a), Fy(b), Fy(x), and Fy antigens), Fy(x) antigen is associated with weak Fy(b) while Fy antigen means the null phenotype Fy (a-b-). Fyx antigen and Fy antigen result from the polymorphisms of Fy125 allele. This report assessed the allele frequency and genotype frequency of Fy(a), Fy(b), Fy(x), and Fy antigens in Koreans. METHODS: We performed a study of the followings on 253 visitors to the health promotion center of Seoul National University Bundang Hospital: PCR-RFLP and PCR-SSP for the detection of Duffy 125G > A and -33T > C; PCR-SSP for the detection of Duffy 265C > T and 298G > A. RESULTS: The results of PCR-RFLP and PCR-SSP were consistent with each other in a total of 253 subjects. Allele frequency was as follows: Fy 92.3%, Fy(125) 6.1%, and fy(125/265) 1.6%. The fy(125/265) allele was newly observed. Fy(125/298), fy(125/265/298), and fy(-33/125) alleles were not detected in Koreans. The distribution of Duffy phenotypes in Koreans was as follows: Fy (a+b-) 88.1%, Fy (a-b+) 0.4%, Fy (a+b+) 11.5%, and Fy (a-b-) 0.0%. Fy (a+) was 99.6% and Fy (b+) was 11.9%. CONCLUSION: In our study for Duffy polymorphisms, the frequency of Fy allele was very high. The frequency was similar to those of other Asian populations, but different from those of Caucasians. The fy(125/265) allele, which was associated with Fy(x) antigen, was newly detected in Koreans.
Alleles* ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Duffy Blood-Group System ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Phenotype ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Seoul

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to gain an understanding of the experience of Korean graduate nursing students' stressor, response, and coping. METHODS: Interviews were conducted with 37 students using broad, open-ended questions. Individual demographics were also collected. Focus Group Research was used to investigate the experience of these graduate nursing students. Data were gathered through audio taped interviews and analyzed using the Collazzi method. RESULTS: The findings related to stressors revealed 5 major themes (loading related to study, conflicts with hospital and occupation, difficulty of home management, destruction of biorhythm, loading of economy and pay for photocopying) and 15 relevant subthemes. The findings related to responses revealed 4 major themes (negative change in body, negative change in mental state, negative emotion and response about family, psychosocial loading - and 32 relevant subthemes. The findings related to coping revealed 12 major themes; for example, social support, interpretation positively, self disclosure, devoted study, temporary avoidance - and 16 relevant subthemes. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that nurses, hospitals, and other graduate schools should continue to develop of stress management programs and their linkages with more comprehensive integrated health delivery system.
Demography ; Focus Groups* ; Humans ; Nursing ; Occupations ; Periodicity ; Self Disclosure ; Students, Nursing*

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to conduct a concept analysis of social intelligence in nurses so that applying social intelligence to the nursing field. Methods: In this study, we followed the hybrid model procedure, involving the following steps: First, in the theoretical stage, the attributes and definitions of the concept of social intelligence were determined through literature review. Second, the concepts’ reality was confirmed during fieldwork. In the final analysis stage, the results confirmed in the theoretical and fieldwork stages were compared and analyzed to confirm the properties and definition of the concept. Results: Nurses’ social intelligence consists of three dimensions: social cognitive nursing competency, human-centered social evolution, and skills for solving complex nursing situations. Nurses’ social intelligence is a professional nursing competency that flexibly coordinates complex nursing situations, developed through accumulating experiences of continuous reflection and relationship expansion based on receptive listening and social sensitivity in clinical interpersonal relationships. Conclusion Nurses’ social intelligence is widely used in clinical practice and is shown to have a significant direct and indirect impact on clinical nursing. To effectively apply social intelligence in the clinical context, individual and organizational efforts are required to share and transfer knowledge and capacity-building methods through collective intelligence and education.

PURPOSE: Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) of prematurity is very important disease to study because it causes many cases of perinatal morbidity and its incidence is now increasing. Nowadays indomethacin is the drug of choice for PDA closure, but its use has been limited due to its side effects. Therefore, we compared the effect and side effects of indomethacin according to the infusion method, continuous versus intermittent infusion, to find better an administration method. METHODS: Twenty-five preterm infants who were admitted to Seoul National University Children's Hospital (SNUCH) NICU from March 1995 to August 1996 with a diagnosis of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and PDA, were enrolled. They were randomly assigned to intertmittent lV group or continuous lV group. Each group received three intermittent doses or continuous infusion over 36 hours, respectively. We analyzed the perinatal history, time of diagnosis and treatment of PDA, size of PDA, and compared the laboratory parameters, intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), periventricular echogenecity (PVE), ductal closure and perinatal morbidity before and 48 hours after indomethacin administration between the two groups. RESULTS: Fourteen infants (birth weight 1,149 +/- 373g) were intermittent lV group and eleven infants (birth weight 1,212 +/- 504g) were continuous lV group. There were no significant difference between the groups in perinatal history, pretreatment laboratory parameters, ductal closure, and perinatal morbidity. Patients with IVH of grade 2 or more increased significantly in intermittent lV group (50%) compared to continuous lV group (9%), and PVE progressed significantly in intermittent lV group (64%) compared to continuous lV group (18%). CONCLUSION: Continuous infusion of indomethacin for PDA closure in preterm infants with RDS appears to be as effective as intermittent infusion of indomethacin in closing PDA and have less side effects such as IVH and PVE progress.
Diagnosis ; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Incidence ; Indomethacin* ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature* ; Seoul

PURPOSE: Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) of prematurity is very important disease to study because it causes many cases of perinatal morbidity and its incidence is now increasing. Nowadays indomethacin is the drug of choice for PDA closure, but its use has been limited due to its side effects. Therefore, we compared the effect and side effects of indomethacin according to the infusion method, continuous versus intermittent infusion, to find better an administration method. METHODS: Twenty-five preterm infants who were admitted to Seoul National University Children's Hospital (SNUCH) NICU from March 1995 to August 1996 with a diagnosis of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and PDA, were enrolled. They were randomly assigned to intertmittent lV group or continuous lV group. Each group received three intermittent doses or continuous infusion over 36 hours, respectively. We analyzed the perinatal history, time of diagnosis and treatment of PDA, size of PDA, and compared the laboratory parameters, intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), periventricular echogenecity (PVE), ductal closure and perinatal morbidity before and 48 hours after indomethacin administration between the two groups. RESULTS: Fourteen infants (birth weight 1,149 +/- 373g) were intermittent lV group and eleven infants (birth weight 1,212 +/- 504g) were continuous lV group. There were no significant difference between the groups in perinatal history, pretreatment laboratory parameters, ductal closure, and perinatal morbidity. Patients with IVH of grade 2 or more increased significantly in intermittent lV group (50%) compared to continuous lV group (9%), and PVE progressed significantly in intermittent lV group (64%) compared to continuous lV group (18%). CONCLUSION: Continuous infusion of indomethacin for PDA closure in preterm infants with RDS appears to be as effective as intermittent infusion of indomethacin in closing PDA and have less side effects such as IVH and PVE progress.
Diagnosis ; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Incidence ; Indomethacin* ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature* ; Seoul

PURPOSE: Multifactorial in pathogenesis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia is difficult to predict based on any single factor, especially early in life. We evaluated clinical and ventilatory parameters in the first week of life, and their combinations were tested for early prediction of BPD. METHODS: Eighty-one very low birth weight (VLBW) infants born at gestational ages<32 weeks and mechanically ventilated for at least first 7 days were selected and classified into BPD (n=48, radiological findings and oxygen dependency at postconceptional age of 36 weeks) and non-BPD (n=33) groups. Clinical and ventilatory parameters on days 1, 4 and 7 were analyzed. Chi-square and t-test were used to compare individual variables between two groups. Multiple logistic regression analysis was done to identify risk factors for BPD. RESULTS: The mean gestational age and birth weight were lower in BPD group. In multivariate analysis, significant risk factors that predict BPD were gestational age<30 weeks (OR 0.112, 95% CI 0.016-0.767), maximum MAP > or =4.5 on day 7 (OR 3.982, 95% CI 1.046-15.162) and maximum FiO2> or =0.3 on day 7 (OR 7.626, 95% CI 1.570-37.054). The combination of these factors for prediction of BPD had a 79% positive predictive value with an 85% sensitivity. CONCLUSION: A number of clinical and ventilatory parameters in combination (gestation, maximum MAP and FiO2 on day 7) can predict BPD in VLBW infants early in life with a relatively high sensitivity and positive predictiveness. With early identification of infants prone to BPD, the clinicians may resort to more active measures to minimize lung injury and to prevent BPD.
Birth Weight ; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia* ; Gestational Age ; Health Resorts ; Humans ; Infant* ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight* ; Logistic Models ; Lung Injury ; Multivariate Analysis ; Oxygen ; Respiration, Artificial* ; Risk Factors

Because nonspecific colonic ulcer is an unusual condition and varies markedly in clinical presentation and course, preoperative clinical diagnosis of nonspecific colonic ulcer is very difficult, But now, preoperative clinical diagnosis can he made by advent of colonofiberscopy. And, it is very important to diagnose this disease early, because late diagnosis make a poor prognosis. We report a case of nonspecific colonic ulcer diagnosed by repeated colonofiberscopy and treated with surgery.
Colon* ; Delayed Diagnosis ; Diagnosis ; Prognosis ; Ulcer*

We analysed retrospectively pharmacokinetic parameters of gentamicin and amikacin in 44 and 58 Korean pediatric patients, respectively, with normal renal function. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated from two concentrations in serum by method of Sawchuck. There was wide individual variation in peak serum concentrations of gentamicin and amikacin, Administration of the usually recommended doses yielded subtherapeutic concentrations in 47% and 82%, respectevely, of patients in the peak concentrations of gentamicin and amikacin. The volumes of distribution of gentamicin and amikacin in children of over 1 year of age were 0.37+/-0.13L/kg and 0.41+/-0.13L/kg which are greater than those reported from the western countries. We conclude that the wide individual variation and high frequency of subtherapeutic levels in the peak concentrations of gentamicin and amikacin obtained by usually recommended dosage as well as the narrow safety margin of these drugs necessitate monitoring of serum concentration and adjustment of individual dosage regimen early in the course of treatment with aminoglycosides.
Amikacin* ; Aminoglycosides ; Child* ; Gentamicins* ; Humans ; Pharmacokinetics* ; Retrospective Studies