No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant* ; Parturition*

PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of continuous nutritional education and oral mucositis management on the nutritive status of patients who received hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). METHODS: After randomly allotting 72 patients who received HSCT to either an experimental group or a control group, intensive and continuous care for preventing malnutrition was conducted in the experimental group while usual routine care was conducted in the control group. The changes of the body scale, blood chemistry profile, oral intake calories, nausea and vomitus, and oral stomatitis scores were measured at three points during their hospitalization using a oral assessment guide and nutrition analysis program: admission, HSCT, and discharge day. The differences between the scores of two groups were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of covariance. RESULTS: The number of total lymphocytes was significantly improved in the experimental group after transplantation (p<.001). Nausea and vomiting score was significantly decreased in the experimental group during the conditioning regimen (p<.001). CONCLUSION: It was found that continuous nutritional education and oral mucositis control is an effective intervention by improving immune condition. Further investigations concerning direct examination of oral intake with controlling the effect of the chemotherapy are needed to ultimately discern the impact of varying oral nutrition patterns during HSCT.
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Lymphocytes ; Malnutrition ; Nausea ; Nutritional Status ; Stomatitis ; Transplants ; Vomiting

BACKGROUND: In the Duffy blood group system (Fy(a), Fy(b), Fy(x), and Fy antigens), Fy(x) antigen is associated with weak Fy(b) while Fy antigen means the null phenotype Fy (a-b-). Fyx antigen and Fy antigen result from the polymorphisms of Fy125 allele. This report assessed the allele frequency and genotype frequency of Fy(a), Fy(b), Fy(x), and Fy antigens in Koreans. METHODS: We performed a study of the followings on 253 visitors to the health promotion center of Seoul National University Bundang Hospital: PCR-RFLP and PCR-SSP for the detection of Duffy 125G > A and -33T > C; PCR-SSP for the detection of Duffy 265C > T and 298G > A. RESULTS: The results of PCR-RFLP and PCR-SSP were consistent with each other in a total of 253 subjects. Allele frequency was as follows: Fy 92.3%, Fy(125) 6.1%, and fy(125/265) 1.6%. The fy(125/265) allele was newly observed. Fy(125/298), fy(125/265/298), and fy(-33/125) alleles were not detected in Koreans. The distribution of Duffy phenotypes in Koreans was as follows: Fy (a+b-) 88.1%, Fy (a-b+) 0.4%, Fy (a+b+) 11.5%, and Fy (a-b-) 0.0%. Fy (a+) was 99.6% and Fy (b+) was 11.9%. CONCLUSION: In our study for Duffy polymorphisms, the frequency of Fy allele was very high. The frequency was similar to those of other Asian populations, but different from those of Caucasians. The fy(125/265) allele, which was associated with Fy(x) antigen, was newly detected in Koreans.
Alleles* ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Duffy Blood-Group System ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Phenotype ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Seoul

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to gain an understanding of the experience of Korean graduate nursing students' stressor, response, and coping. METHODS: Interviews were conducted with 37 students using broad, open-ended questions. Individual demographics were also collected. Focus Group Research was used to investigate the experience of these graduate nursing students. Data were gathered through audio taped interviews and analyzed using the Collazzi method. RESULTS: The findings related to stressors revealed 5 major themes (loading related to study, conflicts with hospital and occupation, difficulty of home management, destruction of biorhythm, loading of economy and pay for photocopying) and 15 relevant subthemes. The findings related to responses revealed 4 major themes (negative change in body, negative change in mental state, negative emotion and response about family, psychosocial loading - and 32 relevant subthemes. The findings related to coping revealed 12 major themes; for example, social support, interpretation positively, self disclosure, devoted study, temporary avoidance - and 16 relevant subthemes. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that nurses, hospitals, and other graduate schools should continue to develop of stress management programs and their linkages with more comprehensive integrated health delivery system.
Demography ; Focus Groups* ; Humans ; Nursing ; Occupations ; Periodicity ; Self Disclosure ; Students, Nursing*

PURPOSE: We investigated the effects of restricted fluid in the first 7 days of life on the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) or patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. METHODS: Eighty three VLBW infants who lived more than 28 days were selected. The amount of daily maintenance fluid was determined by calculation of insensible water loss (IWL) and urine output (UO). Seventy to 80 percent of calculated amount was given to the ventilated infants. Subjects were grouped into low (<25th%), moderate (25-75th%), and high (>75th%) fluid groups for the first 24 hours, 3 days and 7 days. Chi square tests analyzed proportions of subjects with or without morbidities across fluid groups. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the effect of fluid intake on BPD or PDA, controlling for factors that are significantly associated with BPD or PDA by univariate analysis. RESULTS: Rates of BPD and PDA were not significantly associated with fluid groups on each time period. The result was the same after controlling for factors that are significantly associated with BPD or PDA by univariate analysis. For the first 3 and 7 days, fluid intakes were positively related with maximal weight loss, urine output and mechanical ventilation duration. CONCLUSION: In VLBW infants, when given based on needs reflected from IWL and UO versus intake, relatively low fluid intakes in the first week of life do not decrease the risk of BPD or PDA, and vice versa. We suggest that calculation of daily fluid based on IWL and UO is appropriate for VLBW infants.
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia* ; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent* ; Fluid Therapy ; Humans ; Infant* ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight* ; Logistic Models ; Respiration, Artificial ; Water Loss, Insensible ; Weight Loss

PURPOSE: Multifactorial in pathogenesis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia is difficult to predict based on any single factor, especially early in life. We evaluated clinical and ventilatory parameters in the first week of life, and their combinations were tested for early prediction of BPD. METHODS: Eighty-one very low birth weight (VLBW) infants born at gestational ages<32 weeks and mechanically ventilated for at least first 7 days were selected and classified into BPD (n=48, radiological findings and oxygen dependency at postconceptional age of 36 weeks) and non-BPD (n=33) groups. Clinical and ventilatory parameters on days 1, 4 and 7 were analyzed. Chi-square and t-test were used to compare individual variables between two groups. Multiple logistic regression analysis was done to identify risk factors for BPD. RESULTS: The mean gestational age and birth weight were lower in BPD group. In multivariate analysis, significant risk factors that predict BPD were gestational age<30 weeks (OR 0.112, 95% CI 0.016-0.767), maximum MAP > or =4.5 on day 7 (OR 3.982, 95% CI 1.046-15.162) and maximum FiO2> or =0.3 on day 7 (OR 7.626, 95% CI 1.570-37.054). The combination of these factors for prediction of BPD had a 79% positive predictive value with an 85% sensitivity. CONCLUSION: A number of clinical and ventilatory parameters in combination (gestation, maximum MAP and FiO2 on day 7) can predict BPD in VLBW infants early in life with a relatively high sensitivity and positive predictiveness. With early identification of infants prone to BPD, the clinicians may resort to more active measures to minimize lung injury and to prevent BPD.
Birth Weight ; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia* ; Gestational Age ; Health Resorts ; Humans ; Infant* ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight* ; Logistic Models ; Lung Injury ; Multivariate Analysis ; Oxygen ; Respiration, Artificial* ; Risk Factors

We analysed retrospectively pharmacokinetic parameters of gentamicin and amikacin in 44 and 58 Korean pediatric patients, respectively, with normal renal function. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated from two concentrations in serum by method of Sawchuck. There was wide individual variation in peak serum concentrations of gentamicin and amikacin, Administration of the usually recommended doses yielded subtherapeutic concentrations in 47% and 82%, respectevely, of patients in the peak concentrations of gentamicin and amikacin. The volumes of distribution of gentamicin and amikacin in children of over 1 year of age were 0.37+/-0.13L/kg and 0.41+/-0.13L/kg which are greater than those reported from the western countries. We conclude that the wide individual variation and high frequency of subtherapeutic levels in the peak concentrations of gentamicin and amikacin obtained by usually recommended dosage as well as the narrow safety margin of these drugs necessitate monitoring of serum concentration and adjustment of individual dosage regimen early in the course of treatment with aminoglycosides.
Amikacin* ; Aminoglycosides ; Child* ; Gentamicins* ; Humans ; Pharmacokinetics* ; Retrospective Studies

Because nonspecific colonic ulcer is an unusual condition and varies markedly in clinical presentation and course, preoperative clinical diagnosis of nonspecific colonic ulcer is very difficult, But now, preoperative clinical diagnosis can he made by advent of colonofiberscopy. And, it is very important to diagnose this disease early, because late diagnosis make a poor prognosis. We report a case of nonspecific colonic ulcer diagnosed by repeated colonofiberscopy and treated with surgery.
Colon* ; Delayed Diagnosis ; Diagnosis ; Prognosis ; Ulcer*

BACKGROUND: Ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease are the main causes of death and platelets are responsible for the formation of arterial thrombi. Platelet membrane glycoproteins (GP) associated with coagulation pathway are GPIb/V/IX, GPIa/IIa, and GPIIb/IIIa. We evaluated genotype and allele frequencies of seven platelet glycoprotein genes associated with arterial thrombosis. METHODS: Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood of 300 unrelated Korean and single nucleotide polymorphism of platelet glycoproteins was analyzed. PCR with sequence specific primers was used to investigate GPIa C807T and GPIbalpha VNTR polymorphism. PCR-RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) was used to investigate GPIa G1648A and C2531T, GPIbalpha C524T and T-5C, and GPIIIa T1565C polymorphism. RESULTS: The allele frequencies of GPIa C807T were 807C 0.733, 807T 0.267; GPIa 1648G 0.975, 1648A 0.025; GPIa C2531T, 2531C 1.000, 2531T 0.000; GPIbalpha C524T, 524C 0.927, 524T 0.073; GPIbalpha VNTR, A 0.017, B 0.015, C 0.558, D 0.410; GPIbalpha T-5C, -5T 0.726, -5C 0.274; GPIIIa T1565C, 1565T 0.995, 1565C 0.005. CONCLUSION: The genotype and allele frequencies of GPIa G1648A, GPIbalpha C524T, and GPIIIa T1565C were similar to established data. GPIa 807T and -5T allele of Kozak polymorphism showed low frequency compared with other ethnic group. Allele frequencies of GPIbalpha VNTR A and B alleles were very alike (0.017 vs 0.015). In this study, we firstly evaluated the genotype and allele frequencies of GPIa C2531T and GPIbalpha VNTR, T-5C polymorphisms in Korean population. This study will serve as a basic data for the study of platelet glycoproteins associated with arterial thrombosis in Korean.
Alleles* ; Blood Platelets* ; Cause of Death ; DNA ; Ethnic Groups ; Gene Frequency* ; Genotype* ; Glycoproteins* ; Humans ; Integrin alpha2 ; Integrin beta3 ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Thrombosis*

Purpose: To compare the effects of orthokeratology lens (Ortho‐K lens) and topical cyclopentolate on myopia progression in children. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed the medical records of 36 children who received Ortho‐K lens and 28 who received cyclopentolate (i.e., total of 64 eyes). The following data were recorded: sex, age, age at first intervention, follow‐up duration, and visual acuity and axial length (AL) at the time of first treatment and after 6, 12, and 24 months of treatment. Results: In the Ortho‐K group, the changes of AL significantly decreased by 0.3 ± 0.25 mm at 12 months and 0.52 ± 0.34 mm at 24 months (p for trend < 0.001). In the cyclopentolate group, the changes of AL significantly decreased by 0.36 ± 0.17 mm at 12 months and 0.62 ± 0.29 mm at 24 months (p for trend = 0.022). Compared to the use of cyclopentolate, the use of Ortho‐K lens resulted in smaller changes in AL during follow‐up (p = 0.038). Conclusions In myopic children, Ortho‐K reduced myopia progression, whereas cyclopentolate significantly less affect myopia progression than Ortho‐K lens.