1.Associations between Self-Efficacy, Social Capital and Self-Rated Health Status in Healthy Individuals.
Bo Kyoung KIM ; Jin Hyang LEE ; Jang Rak KIM ; Baek Geun JEONG ; Ki Soo PARK
Korean Journal of Health Promotion 2011;11(3):144-153
BACKGROUND: Discrepancies exist in the existing researches regarding the association between social capital and self-efficacy, and most of these researches have been done in developed countries. The aims of this study were to assess the independent association between individual social capital and self-efficacy and to assess the associations between individual social capital, self-efficacy and self-rated health. METHODS: Data were obtained from the Gyeongnam health survey (6,500 persons) conducted in 2008. A self-administered questionnaire was additionally administered to gather information on demographic variables, health behaviors, chronic diseases, self-efficacy, social capital, and self-rated health status. Total study population was 3,843 as those with chronic diseases were excluded. RESULTS: In males, trust was positively associated with confidence and preference to task difficulty, and participation was negatively associated with confidence and positively associated with regulation and preference to task difficulty. In females, trust was positively associated with confidence and preference to task difficulty and negatively associated with regulation. Participation was positively associated with preference to task difficulty. In males, the odds for self-rated health status was better for persons with confidence (95% confidence interval, CI 1.088-1.705), trust (95% CI 1.172-1.821) and participation (95% CI 1.268-2.117). In females, the odds for self-rated health status was better for those with confidence (95% CI 1.250-1.803), preference of task difficulty (95% CI 1.019-1.683) and participation (95% CI 1.024-1.555). CONCLUSIONS: High social capital measured at an individual level may promote self-efficacy and health status.
Chronic Disease
;
Developed Countries
;
Female
;
Health Behavior
;
Health Surveys
;
Humans
;
Male
;
Self Efficacy
;
Surveys and Questionnaires
2.The Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension, and Related Factors in Rural Korea.
Yong Chan HA ; Hyun Ju CHUN ; Hae Kyoung HWANG ; Byung Sung KIM ; Jang Rak KIM
Korean Journal of Preventive Medicine 2000;33(4):513-520
OBJECTIVES: To estimate the prevalence of hypertension, rates of awareness, treatment modalities, and control of hypertension, and also to identify factors in rural Korea that are related to these aspects of hypertension. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey, including blood pressure(BP) measurements and interviews, investigating the variables in the health belief model was performed from August to November, 1999 on 1,426 (79.4%) study subjects out of 1,797 registered residents over 30 years old in Ibansong-Myun, Chinju City. A second survey was performed from January to March, 2000 on 376 (80.0%) subjects out of 470 hypertensive (or suspected hypertensive) subjects found in the first survey. Two BP readings were taken in each survey using a standard mercury sphygmomanometer. Hypertension was defined as either a BP reading < 140/90 mmHg in both surveys, or as subjects on oral hypertensive medication. RESULTS: Estimated hypertension prevalence was 24.9% for men, and 30.4% for women. Rates of hypertension awareness, treatment (the regular use of oral hypertensives), and control (reduction of BP to <140/90 mmHg) were 52.5%, 34.4%, and 12.9%, respectively. The factors related to lower hypertension awareness in the logistic regression analysis were male gender, farming occupation, and higher perceived barrier to medical treatment (those for whom visiting health professionals is a burden). CONCLUSIONS: To improve the low awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension, a more active and out-reaching hypertension control program, including routine BP measurements for every visitor to primary care facilities, is needed in rural Korea.
Adult
;
Cross-Sectional Studies
;
Female
;
Gyeongsangnam-do
;
Health Occupations
;
Humans
;
Hypertension*
;
Korea*
;
Logistic Models
;
Male
;
Occupations
;
Prevalence*
;
Primary Health Care
;
Reading
;
Sphygmomanometers
3.Anatomical Review and Clinical Effect of Psoas Compartment Block.
Kyoung Ho SHIN ; Rak Min CHOI ; Heon KIM ; Hee Sang KIM ; Kyung Hoi AHN
Journal of the Korean Academy of Rehabilitation Medicine 2000;24(2):249-258
OBJECTIVE: The purposes of this study were to evaluate the relation of the lumbar plexus with the psoas compartment, to measure the distance from skin to psoas compartment, and to determine the efficacy of psoas compartment block for the unilateral leg pain and/or low back pain. METHOD: Six cadavers were dissected and the computed tomography of the lumbar region were performed in 22 subjects. The psoas compartment block of 10 ml of 0.5 percent lidocaine were performed in 31 patients with unilateral leg pain and/or low back pain. Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and sensory, motor functions were assessed before the block and 5, 30 minutes, and 1, 2, 3 hours and 1 week after the block. The distance from skin to psoas compartment were measured during the procedure. The questionnaires on the procedure were completed after 1 week. RESULTS: Cadaver dissections demonstrated that the 3 main nerves of lumbar plexus were within the psoas compartment between the level of L4 and L5. Computed tomography provided that the average distances of anterior and posterior borders of psoas major from the low back skin were 10.8 & 6.3 cm and that of medial & lateral borders from the median sagital plane were 2.9 & 7.1 cm respectively. There were statistically significant correlations between distance from skin to psoas compartment and body weight, abdominal circumference as well as body mass index (p<0.0001). The VAS was 7.7 before the block and 5.4 1 week after the block (p<0.05) and satisfactory outcomes were shown in 71 percent of the subjects. CONCLUSION: Psoas compartment block was effective for the patients with unilateral leg pain and/or low back pain without major side effects and complications.
Body Mass Index
;
Body Weight
;
Cadaver
;
Humans
;
Leg
;
Lidocaine
;
Low Back Pain
;
Lumbosacral Plexus
;
Lumbosacral Region
;
Surveys and Questionnaires
;
Skin
;
Visual Analog Scale
4.Kinematic Analysis of Locomotion Following Dorsal Hemisection of Spinal Cord in the Rat.
Kyoung Suok CHO ; Parley W MADSEN ; Jong H KIM ; Chang Rak CHOI
Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society 1994;23(7):738-752
Using computerized motion analysis techniques, kinematics of foot trajectories were quantitatively analyzed in twelve rats before and after dorsal spinal cord hemisection at the T6 level. Although overground locomotion in these animals returned to normal within four weeks, some kinematic variables during treadmill locomotion did not recover to pre-lesion level. Immediately following dorsal hemisection, amplitudes of both hindfeet horizontal and vertical movements were dramatically reduces. However, in three weeks, the amplitudes of horizontal movement(stride length) became significantly larger than of pre-lesion strides. On the other hand, amplitude of hindlimb vertical movement showed very little recovery. Forelimb-hindmill coordination was also disrupted initially but returned to normal within three weeks. The duration of hindlimb swing phase became significantly longer after sectioning and gradually recovered, but never to pre-lesion levels. Interestingly, amplitudes of forelimb vertical movement. which was depressed initially, became significantly largery three weeks after lesioning. A dramatic increase in the statistical variation of limb kinematics, which persisted even after motor recovery, is an important parameter for the evaluation of neural deficits in spinal cord injuries. Kinematic analysis is a sensitive technique for the detection of minor motor deficits following nerve injuries.
Animals
;
Biomechanical Phenomena
;
Extremities
;
Foot
;
Forelimb
;
Hand
;
Hindlimb
;
Locomotion*
;
Rats*
;
Spinal Cord Injuries
;
Spinal Cord*
5.Castleman's Disease in the Upper Extremity: A Case Report.
Jung Kyoung YUN ; Jun Sik LEE ; Mee Eun KIM ; Hae Wook PYUN ; Byung Young KIM ; Kyoung Rak SOHN ; Ji Yeol SHIN
Journal of the Korean Radiological Society 2000;43(1):113-116
Castleman's disease is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder of uncertain etiology which most commonly occurs in the mediastinum. We describe a case of a benign Castleman 's disease of the hyaline vascular type affecting the upper extremity, an extremely rare site of the disease.
Giant Lymph Node Hyperplasia*
;
Hamartoma
;
Hyalin
;
Lymphoproliferative Disorders
;
Mediastinum
;
Upper Extremity*
6.Two Cases of Uterine Papillary Serous Carcinoma.
Ju Kyoung KIM ; Bo Seung CHANG ; Seung Chan KIM ; Young Eun YUN ; Ok Rang PARK ; Kyoung Rak SON
Korean Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2004;47(12):2499-2505
Uterine papillary serous carcinoma (UPSC) behave more aggressively than other endometrial carcinomas and have a propensity for intraabdominal spread, simulating the behavior of ovarian carcinoma. Because of high relapsing rate, and high mortality rate of UPSC, many gynecologist studied about its treatment regimen and recommended many treatment method. Many investigators recommended that patients with UPSC should undergo a staging laparotomy and they suggested the surgery should include at least total hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, omentectomy, pelvic lymphadenectomy, paraaortic lymphadenectomy, peritoneal washing and peritoneal cytology, By and large, adjuvant systemic Platinum based chemotherapy or, paclitaxel based chemotherapy and adjuvant whole abdominal irradiation or pelvic irradiation was prescribed. We experienced two cases of the UPSC stage IIIc and stage IV diagnosed after explolaparotomy. We present these cases and review the literatures about the optimal treatment regimen of UPSC.
Drug Therapy
;
Endometrial Neoplasms
;
Female
;
Humans
;
Hysterectomy
;
Laparotomy
;
Lymph Node Excision
;
Mortality
;
Paclitaxel
;
Platinum
;
Research Personnel
7.Clinical Characteristics of First-Degree Relatives with Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma.
Min Woo KIM ; Jong Rak LEE ; Kyoung Sub LEE ; Kyung Rim SUNG
Journal of the Korean Ophthalmological Society 2015;56(3):396-403
PURPOSE: To investigate the clinical characteristics of first-degree relatives with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). METHODS: Forty-four POAG patients (22 pairs of eyes from 2 first-degree relatives) were followed for an average of 3.3 years. Baseline characteristics and follow-up data were analyzed. Baseline data consisted of baseline intraocular pressure (IOP), central corneal thickness (CCT), spherical equivalent, visual field mean deviation (VF MD) and average retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness measured using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Follow-up data consisted of mean follow-up IOP, mean IOP reduction from baseline (%) and progression rates determined by linear regression analysis of either VF MD value or OCT RNFL thickness. Mean data of both eyes and the worse eye were compared between first-degree relatives of the same family. RESULTS: Among the 22 families, 16 pairs of eyes were from parent/offspring and 6 from siblings. No difference in mean baseline IOP and CCT were found between first-degree relatives. The older patients in parent-offspring families showed significantly more advanced glaucoma in terms of both VF and RNFL thickness, but were less myopic; however, no differences in variables were found between relatives in the 6 families composed of siblings. Among the 22 families, worse baseline VF MD was observed in younger patients compared with the older patients in 4 families. Mean follow-up IOP, mean IOP reduction from baseline, and progression rate did not differ between the older and the younger patient in each family. CONCLUSIONS: In our study, similar characteristics in terms of baseline IOP, IOP response to medication, and glaucoma progression rate were found in members of the same family. However, in some of the families, the younger patient had poorer baseline severity and more aggressive characteristics compared with the older patient, suggesting the clinical course of the disease may vary among first-degree relatives.
Follow-Up Studies
;
Glaucoma
;
Glaucoma, Open-Angle*
;
Humans
;
Intraocular Pressure
;
Linear Models
;
Nerve Fibers
;
Retinaldehyde
;
Siblings
;
Tomography, Optical Coherence
;
Visual Fields
8.Effect of Mannitol in Acute Cerebral Ischemia.
Kyoung Suck CHO ; Yong Kil HONG ; Min Woo BAIK ; Dal Soo KIM ; Joon Ki KANG ; Chang Rak CHOI
Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society 1994;23(8):902-915
The development of postischemic irreversible brain damage depends upon the length of ischemia and its severity during arterial occlusion, although release of the occlusion always leads to restoration of normal or above noraml cerebral blood flow. The experiment was planned to determine the effects of mannitol on cerebral ischemia on subsequential regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF) and somatosensory evoked potential(SEP) following reperfusion after ischemia and also define the proper time of vascular occlusion without irreversible brain damage. Cerebral ischemia was induced in cat by transorbital occlusion of the left MCA with a Sugita clip for period of 30 minutes and the ischemic brain was reperfused for 180 minutes by removing the clip. Forty adult cats, weighing 2.5 to 4.0 Kg were divided into 5 group ; control(Group I, n=8), permanent MCA occlusion(Group II, n=8), permanent MCA occlusion with mannitol infusion(Group III, n=8), permanent MCA occlusion with mannitol infusion(Group III, n=8), 30 minutes MCA clipping followed by reperfusion(Group IV, n=8) and 30 minutes MCA clipping with mannitol infusion followed by reperfusion groups(Group V, n=8) respectively. The rCBF and SEP measurents were carried out in each animal immediately, after MCA occlusion, at 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 90 minutes, 120 minutes, 150 minutes and 180 minutes followed by perfusion. The rCBF was measured by the hydrogen clearance technique. Mannitol was given in bolus of lg/kg body weight as a 25% solution delivered via the femoral vein. The results were as follows : 1) Gradual elevation of intracranial pressure(ICP) and systolic blood pressure were observed after MCA occlusion. Treatment with mannitol in MCA occlusion animals(Group III & V) decreased ICP immediately after infusion of mannitol. 2) Normal control rCBF(ml/100 g/min) were 51.94+/-5.05 in the left temporal(LT) and 50.80+/-4.87 in the left perietal lobes(LP). 3) The MCA occlusion resulted in a reduction of the blood flows to 72% of the normal control ones(LT : 14.29+/-4.81 ml/100 g/min) at the left temporal area immediately after occlusion and also a reduction of flows to 80.4% of the normal control ones(LT : 10.24+/-3.69 ml/100 g/min) at 180 minutes after occlusion in Group II. 4) In the mannitol-treated group(group IV), reperfused animals, with removal of the clip on MCA had an improved postischemic recovery of blood flow and ipsilateral cerebral blood flows were restored to 42.5% of the normal control ones(LP : 21.2+/-4.13 ml/100 g/min) at 180 minutes after occlusion in Lt. parietal CBF. 5) In the reperfusion group(group IV), reperfused animals, with removal of the clip on MCA had an increase in rCBF to the level of 83.3% of the control value(LT : 45.78+/-6.80 ml/100 g/min) at 180 minutes after reperfusion and also reperfused animals, with treated mannitol had further increase the blood flow up to the level of 92.5% of the control value(LT : 49.04+/-43.6 ml/100 g/min) at 180 minutes after reperfusion. 6) After the MCA occlusion, the SEP was present but markedly altered in shape and particularly the early components of the SEP were suppressed in the ipsilateral occlusion hemisphere. 7) In the mannitol-treated reperfusion group(Group V) the amplitude of the SEP was restored to 80% of control value. The SEP was significantly suppressed if the rCBF fell below 10-14 ml/100 g/min. These result suggest that provided CBF can be restored to above the 40% threshold well within 30 minutes, prevention of ischemic brain damage can be expected and also the mannitol may of benefit in prolongation of the time threshold for the formation of the cerebral ischmia after vessel occlusion.
Adult
;
Animals
;
Blood Pressure
;
Body Weight
;
Brain
;
Brain Ischemia*
;
Cats
;
Evoked Potentials
;
Femoral Vein
;
Humans
;
Hydrogen
;
Ischemia
;
Mannitol*
;
Perfusion
;
Rabeprazole
;
Reperfusion
9.Relationship between the Lamina Cribrosa, Outer Retina, and Choroidal Thickness as Assessed Using Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography.
Ho Seok CHUNG ; Kyung Rim SUNG ; Kyoung Sub LEE ; Jong Rak LEE ; Soa KIM
Korean Journal of Ophthalmology 2014;28(3):234-240
PURPOSE: To evaluate the characteristics and relationship between peripapillary choroidal thickness (pCT), lamina cribrosa thickness (LCT), and peripapillary outer retinal layer thickness (pORT) as determined using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) enhanced depth imaging (EDI). METHODS: In total, 255 participants were included (87 healthy subjects, 87 glaucoma suspects (GS), and 81 glaucoma cases). The pORT, defined as the thickness between the posterior outer plexiform layer and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) interface, and the pCT, between the outer margin of the RPE and the choroidal-scleral interface, were manually measured using EDI scanning of the circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL). LCT was determined by EDI scanning of the optic nerve head (ONH). Baseline characteristics, including axial length (AXL) and the SD-OCT measurements of the participants, were compared among the three groups. The correlation between putative factors and pCT was determined using univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses. RESULTS: In all three groups, both pORT and pCT were thinnest in the inferior area among the four quadrants. In the healthy group, the mean peripapillary RNFL, pORT, and LCT were significantly greater in comparison with those of the GS and glaucoma groups (p < 0.001, p < 0.038, and p < 0.001, respectively). The pCT demonstrated no significant differences among the three groups (p = 0.083). Only age and AXL were associated with pCT by multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The pCT is substantially thinner in the inferior area of the ONH. In addition, the pCT demonstrates the strongest correlation with age and AXL, but was not associated with glaucoma or LCT.
Choroid/*pathology
;
Female
;
Follow-Up Studies
;
Glaucoma, Open-Angle/*diagnosis
;
Humans
;
Male
;
Middle Aged
;
Prospective Studies
;
Reproducibility of Results
;
Retina/*pathology
;
Severity of Illness Index
;
Tomography, Optical Coherence/*methods
10.Genetic Analysis and Clinical Characteristics of Hereditary Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma Syndrome in Korean Population
Heewon CHOI ; Kyoung Jin KIM ; Namki HONG ; Saeam SHIN ; Jong-Rak CHOI ; Sang Wook KANG ; Seung Tae LEE ; Yumie RHEE
Endocrinology and Metabolism 2020;35(4):858-872
Background:
Pheochromocytoma and paragangliomas (PPGL) are hereditary in approximately 30% to 40% cases. With the advancement of genetic analysis techniques, including next-generation sequencing (NGS), there were attempts to classify PPGL into molecular clusters. With NGS being applied to clinical settings recently, we aimed to review the results of genetic analysis, including NGS, and investigate the association with clinical characteristics in Korean PPGL patients.
Methods:
We reviewed the medical records of PPGL patients who visited Severance hospital from 2006 to 2019. We documented the clinical phenotype of those who underwent targeted NGS or had known germline mutations of related genes.
Results:
Among 57 PPGL patients, we found 28 pathogenic germline mutations of susceptibility genes. Before the targeted NGS was implemented, only obvious syndromic feature lead to the Sanger sequencing for the specific genes. Therefore, for the exact prevalence, only patients after the year 2017, when targeted NGS was added, were included (n=43). The positive germline mutations were found in 14 patients; thus, the incidence rate is 32.6%. Patients with germline mutations had a higher likelihood of family history. There were significant differences in the type of PPGLs, percentage of family history, metastasis rate, presence of other tumors, and biochemical profile among three molecular clusters: pseudohypoxic tricarboxylic acid cycle-related, pseudohypoxic von Hippel-Lindau (VHL)/endothelial PAS domain-containing protein 1-related, and kinase-signaling group. Germline mutations were identified in seven PPGL-related genes (SDHB, RET, VHL, NF1, MAX, SDHA, and SDHD).
Conclusion
We report the expected prevalence of germline mutations in Korean PPGL patients. NGS is a useful and accessible tool for genetic analysis in patients with PPGLs, and further research on molecular classification is needed for precise management.