No abstract available.
Diagnosis* ; Humans ; Thoracic Injuries* ; Thorax* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed*

No abstract available.
Disasters*

No abstract available.
Ambulances* ; Emergencies* ; Gangwon-do*

The purpose of this study is to explore the concept spirituality and to gain understanding of nursing intervention that may improve spiritual well-being. The concept analysis framework developed by Walker and Avant (1995) was used to clarify the concept. In the study, 'Harmonious Interconnectedness', 'Transcendence', 'Integrative Energy' and 'Purpose and Meaning in Life' emerged as the critical attributes of spirituality. The first attribute, 'harmonious Inter- connectedness', has three categories including intrapersonal, (self), interpersonal (others/ nature) and transpersonal (the Supreme Being). The second attribute, 'Transcendence', is defined as the ability to extend one's own self beyond the limits of usual experiences and to achieve new perspectives. This attribute is demonstrated by 'coping with situations', to 'self-healing', and 'transformation'. The third attribute of spirituality is 'Integrative Energy', which integrates all dimensions and acts as a creative and dynamic force that keeps a person growing and changing. 'Integrative Energy is also defined as an inner resource that gives a sense of empowerment. Therefore the highly spiritual person demonstrate 'inner peace', 'growing', 'inner strength,' and 'well-being'. The fourth attribute 'Purpose and Meaning in Life' represents a sense of connectedness with one's inner values and with a greater purpose in life. It is demonstrated by 'hope' and 'a powerful life'. In this study, the antecedents of the spirituality represented as 'spirit' and its potential enablers were 'Introspection/reflection', 'Interconnectedness with all living things', and an 'Awareness of a Higher-Power'. The consequences of this concept may be described as 'physical, psychosocial, and spiritual well-being'. Empirical referents of this are 'purposeful life' 'self-worth' 'hope' 'love' 'service' 'forgiveness' 'trust/belief' 'inner peace' 'self-actualization' 'religious practices' 'transformation' 'inner strength' and 'coping'. In conclusion, spirituality can be defined based on these critical attributes. Spirituality is a dynamic, integrative energy based on a feeling of harmonious interconnection with self, others and a higher power. Through it, one is enabled to transcend and to live with meaning and purpose in life.
Humans ; Nursing ; Power (Psychology) ; Spirituality*

Since cancer is not easily curable, patients who suffer from cancer may have physical, psychological and spiritual problems for the rest of their lives. Especially when cancer patients do not have much to live for and are placing a burden on their family they will experience more suffering emotionally as much as physically. This study was conducted to provide a basis of data for nursing intervention strategies to minimize a cancer patient`s suffering and to understand the relationship between suffering, burden and the meaning of life in cancer patients. The samples were composed of 160 cancer patients who were inpatients or outpatients of two university hospitals and two general hospitals in Seoul. Data collection were carried out from January, 25, 1999 to February, 26, 1999. The data were analyzed using a SAS program for descriptive statistics, pearson correlations, ANOVA, and Duncan tests. The results were as follows; 1. The scores on the two suffering scale ranged from 132 to 40 with a mean of 87.3(SD 17.5). The mean scores on the burden scale is 28.9(SD 6.9) and the score of the meaning of life ranged from 35 to 51 with a mean of 95.6(SD 18.4). 2. There were significant correlations between the amount of suffering and the magnitude of burden (r=.74, p=.00), the suffering and the meaning of life (r=-.59, p=.00) and the burden and meaning of life (r=-.61, p=.00). 3. In the degree of the suffering, the burden and the meaning of life were two very strong factors, the level of the suffering in cancer patients by age (F=2.64, p=.03) and education level (F=4.16, p=.00). The level of the burden in cancer patients differed by education level (F=4.70, p=.00) and type of cancer (F=2.97, p= .03). Also the level of the meaning of life in cancer patients was different by education level (F=3.55, p=.02). In conclusion, the burden and the meaning of life was identified as important variable that is contributed to reduce the suffering of cancer patients.
Surveys and Questionnaires ; Education ; Hospitals, General ; Hospitals, University ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Nursing ; Outpatients ; Seoul ; Statistics as Topic*

Since cancer is not easily curable, patients who suffer from cancer may have physical, psychological and spiritual problems for the rest of their lives. Especially when cancer patients do not have much to live for and are placing a burden on their family they will experience more suffering emotionally as much as physically. This study was conducted to provide a basis of data for nursing intervention strategies to minimize a cancer patient`s suffering and to understand the relationship between suffering, burden and the meaning of life in cancer patients. The samples were composed of 160 cancer patients who were inpatients or outpatients of two university hospitals and two general hospitals in Seoul. Data collection were carried out from January, 25, 1999 to February, 26, 1999. The data were analyzed using a SAS program for descriptive statistics, pearson correlations, ANOVA, and Duncan tests. The results were as follows; 1. The scores on the two suffering scale ranged from 132 to 40 with a mean of 87.3(SD 17.5). The mean scores on the burden scale is 28.9(SD 6.9) and the score of the meaning of life ranged from 35 to 51 with a mean of 95.6(SD 18.4). 2. There were significant correlations between the amount of suffering and the magnitude of burden (r=.74, p=.00), the suffering and the meaning of life (r=-.59, p=.00) and the burden and meaning of life (r=-.61, p=.00). 3. In the degree of the suffering, the burden and the meaning of life were two very strong factors, the level of the suffering in cancer patients by age (F=2.64, p=.03) and education level (F=4.16, p=.00). The level of the burden in cancer patients differed by education level (F=4.70, p=.00) and type of cancer (F=2.97, p= .03). Also the level of the meaning of life in cancer patients was different by education level (F=3.55, p=.02). In conclusion, the burden and the meaning of life was identified as important variable that is contributed to reduce the suffering of cancer patients.
Surveys and Questionnaires ; Education ; Hospitals, General ; Hospitals, University ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Nursing ; Outpatients ; Seoul ; Statistics as Topic*

The use of external fixator is popular in the treatment of open tibial fracture, severe comminuted fracture and segmental fracture, which minimizes further soft tissue injury and provides rigie fixation. The purpose of this study was to determine the complications and effectiveness of external fixation for treating the fractures of tibia. 33 patients with tibial fracture had been treated with external fixator from April 1993 to April 1994 at the orthopaedic department of Kang Dong Catholic General Hospital. We analysed 23 cases(21 patients) which could be followed up more than 12 months. The results were as follows; 1. Average duration with external fixator was 15.1 weeks. 2. Average time of bone union was 22.9 weeks. 3. 6 cases of pin tract infection were developed and they were treated with curettage and drainage, local antibiotics therapy, pin translation, or removal of external fixator. 4. The delayed union were developed in 5 cases, angulation deformity in 1 case, chronic osteomyelitis in 2 cases and soft tissue defect in 1 case. 5. Secondary operations caused by delayed union, valgus deformity, skin defect and bone exposure, were performed in 6 cases. 6. The use of external fixator provided good result in open fracture, intraarticular comminuted fracture, segmental fracture, and multiple injury, but chronic osteomyelitis and articular stiffness were developed in some cases.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Curettage ; Drainage ; External Fixators ; Fractures, Comminuted ; Fractures, Open ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Multiple Trauma ; Osteomyelitis ; Skin ; Soft Tissue Injuries ; Tibia ; Tibial Fractures

No abstract available.
Emergencies* ; Emergency Service, Hospital*

PURPOSE: The postpubertal males with unilateral cryptorchidism undergo orchiectomy rather than orchiopexy, which is based on the various reports in its effect on fertility and predisposition to testicular cancer. We reviewed retrospectively the clinical features and histopathological findings of orchiectomized testes and investigated the role of orchiectomy in the postpubertal unilateral cryptorchidism. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed 42 patients with postpubertal unilateral cryptorchidism who underwent orchiectomy from 1986 to 1998, retrospectively. Patient`s age ranged from 15 to 47 years(mean 26.4). The cryptorchid testes were palpable in 33 cases(79%) and impalpable in 9 cases(21%). We classified cryptorchid testes histopathologically into 2 broad groups of specimens with no spermatogenesis(severe atrophy and/or Sertoli cell-only syndrome) and specimens displaying spermatogenesis(maturation arrest, hypospermatogenesis). In 38 cases of all orchiectomized specimens, testicular volume was calculated by Lambert`s formula. RESULTS: Histopathology showed maturation arrest in 8 cases(19%) while 34 cases(81%) had severe atrophy and/or Sertoli cell-only syndrome. No case of carcinoma in situ or cancer was found in testicular tissue. The location of the cryptorchid testes was the prepubic area in 13(31%), inguinal canal in 23(55%), and abdomen in 6(14%). There was a statistically significant difference in the relationship between the presence and absence of spermatogenesis in cryptorchid testes and the anatomical levels of descent(p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the relationship between testicular volume and the location of cryptorchid testes, between testicular volume and patient`s age(p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Currently, orchiectomy is mostly advocated for a postpubertal unilateral cryptorchid testis because of the risk of future malignancy. But we consider that orchiopexy is a valuable modality of treatment for postpubertal unilateral cryptorchid testis, especially located at prepubic area, after performing testis biopsy and then periodic follow-up is required.
Abdomen ; Atrophy ; Biopsy ; Carcinoma in Situ ; Cryptorchidism* ; Fertility ; Humans ; Inguinal Canal ; Male ; Orchiectomy* ; Orchiopexy ; Retrospective Studies ; Sertoli Cell-Only Syndrome ; Spermatogenesis ; Testicular Neoplasms ; Testis

PURPOSE: The incidence of infectious disease, which has been the cause of death in pediatric period, was decreased. But, the opportunistic exposure to toxic substance shows a tendency to increase. We performed this study in order to find out preventive measures and the latest inclination of acute poisoning in childhood. METHODS: From January 1985 to July 1996, 88 children with acute drug and chemical poisoning, who diagnosed at Presbyterian Medical Center, were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: 1) It occurred more frequently in male than female (1.7:1) and high incidence was noted in 0-4 year-old age group (75%). 2) Annual distribution of poisoning shows a tendency to increased. 3) There was no significant seasonal difference in frequency of poisoning. 4) The vast majority (85%) of poison exposure were accidental and therapeutic intent was present in 7.5% of cases and suicidal intent was 7.5% of cases. 5) We noticed an hourly predominance with most accidents occurring from 9 a.m. to 1 p.m. and from 5 p.m. to 9 p.m., 35% respectively. 6) Categories with the largest numbers of total exposure, in descending order by exposure frequently, include the following : drug (30.1%), insecticide (20.4), rodenticide (12.9%), glacial acetic acid (13.9%), herbicide (4.3%), Carbon monoxide (3.2%), others (13%). So, food and household material are leading cause of poisoning, except drug. Of drug, DDS was the most common and then psychotherapeutic drugs were the next. 7) The chief complaints on admission were nausea and vomiting (32%), mental change (26%) irritability (9%), peripheral cyanosis (8%), seizure (5%), and in case of 20%, the patient were found incidentally without symptoms. 8) There were complications which were pneumonia, pulmonary fibrosis, esophageal stricture and pneumothorax. And death occurred in 4 cases, due to insecticide (2 cases), herbicide and rodenticide, 1 case respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In previous report in Korea, causative substance of poisoning were drug, carbone monoxide, insecticide, rodenticide in descending order. In our study, drug was the most common cause of poisoning. But it' s proportion was decreased compared with previous report, and carbone monoxide intoxication was markedly decreased. But, we noticed that the proportion of household material, such as glacial acetic acid and other household chemical, was increased. So, we should be pay more attention to poisoning and try to prevent them.
Acetic Acid ; Carbon ; Carbon Monoxide ; Cause of Death ; Child ; Communicable Diseases ; Cyanosis ; Esophageal Stenosis ; Family Characteristics ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Male ; Nausea ; Pneumonia ; Pneumothorax ; Poisoning* ; Protestantism ; Pulmonary Fibrosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Seasons ; Seizures ; Statistics as Topic* ; Vomiting