No abstract available.
Animals ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group* ; CHO Cells ; Cricetinae ; Cricetulus* ; Female ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens* ; Hepatitis B Vaccines ; Humans ; Ovary*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the current status of studies related to the learning methods of biological nursing subjects in Korea. METHODS: Five databases (KoreaMed, KMbase, NDSL, KISS, KiSTi) and grey literature were searched prior to February 2018. A total 12 studies met the inclusion criteria including 11 articles and 1 proceeding. RESULTS: We included five experimental studies, five non-experimental studies, and two mixed method studies. First, most of the studies that applied a learning method focused on the subject of human anatomy and physiology; team-based learning was the method that was utilized the most. Second, the necessity of well-designed research was confirmed because the quality of included studies was low. Third, the research variables identified were mainly concentrated on the affective domain, and included satisfaction, motivation, self-efficacy, self-directed learning, confidence, attitude. We confirmed the need to develop a learning program that can also improve the cognitive and psychomotor domain variables in future research. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that further research should be conducted with consideration the domain of research variables evenly. In addition, future studies should apply various learning methods and included randomized controlled trials.
Humans ; Korea ; Learning ; Methods ; Motivation ; Nursing Research ; Nursing ; Physiology

This study presents a case of sudden cardiac death due to cardiac small vessel vasculitis after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mRNA vaccination (BNT162b2). The deceased was a 76-year-old woman with diabetes mellitus (DM) and chronic hypertension (HTN), who experienced generalized pain for a month after the first dose of vaccination, and unexpectedly died. Postmortem examination revealed small vessel vasculitis in the heart, lungs and vaccinated site of the left arm. These features were similar to those observed in a previously reported case of a patient with COVID-19 and cardiac endotheliitis and multisystem inflammatory syndrome. In addition, DM and HTN may contribute to vaccine-induced immunologic changes and vascular dysfunction. However, further studies with additional cases are needed.

No abstract available.
Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic* ; Humans ; Twins, Monozygotic*

Twenty seven patients with known rectal cancer were evaluated with CT and CT findings were correlated with surgical and pathologic results on the aspect of perirectal fat infiltration and lymph node involvement. The accuracy in assessment of perirectal fat infiltration was 77.8% (21 of 27); sensitivity, 73.3% (11 of 13); specificity, 83.3% (10 of 12). In the detection of lymph node involvement, lymph nodes were divided into five groups according to the arterial teritories. Overall accuracy in the evaluation of lymph node involvement was 86.7%. Accuracy of peritumoral lymph node involvement was 51.9% (14 of 27); sensitivity, 42.9%(9 of 21); specificity 83.3% (5 of 6). Accuracy of internal iliac lymph node involvement was 88.9% (24 of 27); sensitivity, 85.7% (6 of 7); specificity, 90.0% (18 of 20). Of the common and external iliac lymph node, accuracy was 100% (27 of 27); sensitivity, 100% (2 of 2); specificity, 100% (25 of 25). Of the aortic bifurcation and mid sacral lymph node, accuracy was 92.6% (25 of 27); sensitivity, 50% (2 of 4); specificity, 100% (23 of 23). In regard to the inferior mesenteric lymph node, no lymphadenopathy was found on CT and pathologic results. In conclusion, CT has limited value in evaluating rectal cancer but with the satisfactory outcome in assessment of perirectal fat infiltration and lymph node, involvement except peritumoral node preoperative CT is useful in the evaluation of rectal cancer.
Humans ; Lymph Nodes* ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Rectal Neoplasms* ; Sensitivity and Specificity

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to assess the characteristics of smartphone use in elementary school children and the emotional and behavioral problems associated with smartphone overuse and addiction. METHODS: Children referred to a community based pediatric mental health center were screened for smartphone addiction and related problematic behavior using the Smartphone Addiction Proneness Scale and the Korean version of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). RESULTS: 1) Statistically significant differences in gender, usage time, ownership, and internalization symptoms (somatization, anxiety/depression, withdrawal) were observed between the smartphone excessive user group and the control group. 2) Variants showing the most significant correlation with smartphone addiction were usage time, internalization problems somatization, anxiety/depression, withdrawal, aggressive behaviors, and total behavior problems. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicated an association of addiction tendency in elementary school children with internalization symptoms. Close observation in the familial and academic setting may be important for children at high risk for smartphone addiction.
Checklist ; Child Behavior ; Child* ; Humans ; Mental Health ; Ownership

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to assess the characteristics of smartphone use in elementary school children and the emotional and behavioral problems associated with smartphone overuse and addiction. METHODS: Children referred to a community based pediatric mental health center were screened for smartphone addiction and related problematic behavior using the Smartphone Addiction Proneness Scale and the Korean version of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). RESULTS: 1) Statistically significant differences in gender, usage time, ownership, and internalization symptoms (somatization, anxiety/depression, withdrawal) were observed between the smartphone excessive user group and the control group. 2) Variants showing the most significant correlation with smartphone addiction were usage time, internalization problems somatization, anxiety/depression, withdrawal, aggressive behaviors, and total behavior problems. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicated an association of addiction tendency in elementary school children with internalization symptoms. Close observation in the familial and academic setting may be important for children at high risk for smartphone addiction.
Checklist ; Child Behavior ; Child* ; Humans ; Mental Health ; Ownership

BACKGROUND: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration cytology (EUS-FNAC) is currently the most commonly used procedure for obtaining cytologic specimens of the pancreas. It is accurate, minimally invasive, safe and cost-effective. However, there is discrepancy between cytological and surgical diagnoses. This study was aimed at evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of EUS-FNAC of the pancreas. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of 191 cases of pancreatic lesions initially diagnosed by EUS-FNAC with subsequent histological diagnosis between 2010 and 2012 in the Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital. Cytologic and surgical diagnoses were categorized into five groups: negative, benign, atypical, malignant, and insufficient for diagnosis. Subsequently, 167 cases with satisfactory yield in both surgical and cytology specimens were statistically analyzed to determine correlations with diagnosis. RESULTS: In comparison to surgical diagnoses, cytologic diagnoses were true-positive in 103 cases (61.7%), true-negative in 28 cases (16.8%), false-positive in 9 cases (5.4%), and false-negative in 27 cases (16.1%). The diagnostic accuracy was 78.4%, sensitivity was 79.2%, and specificity was 75.7%. The positive predictive value was 92.0%, and negative predictive value was 50.9%. CONCLUSIONS: EUS-FNAC has high accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value. Overcoming the limitations of EUS-FNAC will make it a useful and reliable diagnostic tool for accurate evaluation of pancreatic lesions.
Diagnosis ; Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration* ; Pancreas ; Pathology ; Retrospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Seoul

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the patterns of changes in maternal weight and fetal weight discordance in twin pregnancies during consecutive gestational periods. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was done for a total of 148 twin pregnancies taken care of throughout pregnancies between February 2002 and May 2004. They were divided into two groups; group A consisting of 109 cases without postnatal complications and with no more than 25% twin weight discordance at birth, and group B consisting of 39 cases with more than 25% twin weight discordance. Both ultrasound examination and maternal weight measurement were conducted in the three gestational intervals; between prepregnant times to gestational age 18 weeks, between gestational ages 18 to 28 weeks, and from gestational age 28 weeks to delivery. RESULTS: Except for maternal weights, none of the pregnancy factors such as maternal age, parity, gravity, height, prepregnant weight, duration of pregnancy, natural or artificial pregnant status, gender and chorionicity showed any significant difference by means between the two groups. The maternal BMI of the group A vs. the group B at the first, the second, and the third period were 0.53+/-0.10% and 2.01+/-1.28%, 2.97+/-0.11% and 4.84+/-1.23%, and 3.29+/-0.16% and 2.15+/-0.63% respectively. Inter-twin weight discordances between the two groups were 8.29+/-0.67% vs. 11.26+/-1.25 %, 7.79+/-0.05% vs. 11.03+/-1.36%, and 9.07+/-0.55% vs. 32.79+/-1.13%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Although several factors that affect twin weight discordance may be considered, we showed that the pattern of maternal weight gain during the gestational period is associated with the estimated values of twin weight discordances in the first gestational period.
Chorion ; Female ; Fetal Weight ; Gestational Age ; Gravitation ; Humans ; Maternal Age ; Parity ; Parturition ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Twin ; Retrospective Studies ; Twins* ; Ultrasonography ; Weight Gain ; Weights and Measures

BACKGROUND: Presenteeism, a concept that has recently undergone active study, is the act of attending work while sick. This study investigates the association between presenteeism and various psychosocial factors within workplaces. METHODS: This study analyzed 29246 wage earners from the third Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS, 2011) data using the logistic regression analysis to investigate the association between presenteeism and various psychosocial factors within workplaces. RESULTS: Among the 29246 wage earners, 6347 (21.7 %) showed presenteeism. Those who experienced age discrimination at work (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.77: 95 % CI 1.56–2.00), educational background discrimination (aOR 1.35: 95 % CI 1.22–1.51), regional discrimination (aOR 1.55: 95 % CI 1.31–1.83), sexual discrimination (aOR 1.65: 95 % CI 1.41–1.94), employment type discrimination (aOR 2.13: 95 % CI 1.89–2.40), physical violence (aOR 1.92: 95 % CI 1.45–2.55), sexual harassment (aOR 2.90: 95 % CI 2.01–4.19), job insecurity (aOR 1.36: 95 % CI 1.18–1.56), work–life imbalance (aOR 1.38: 95 % CI 1.29–1.47), low job satisfaction (aOR 2.04: 95 % CI 1.91–2.17), no colleague support (aOR 1.11: 95 % CI 1.02–1.21), job stress (aOR 1.89: 95 % CI 1.76–2.02), emotional labor (aOR 1.50: 95 % CI 1.41–1.60), high work intensity (aOR 1.31: 95 % CI 1.23–1.38), and 3 groups of job strain that are passive group (aOR 1.09: 95 % CI 1.00–1.18), active group (aOR 1.39: 95 % CI 1.28–1.51), and high strain group (aOR 1.35: 95 % CI 1.24–1.46) showed an increased risk of presenteeism compared to their respective counterparts (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The study results confirmed the association between presenteeism and various psychosocial factors within workplaces. Considering that presenteeism negatively affects productivity and the mental and physical health of individuals, managing various psychosocial factors within workplaces is proposed to reduce presenteeism.
Ageism ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Efficiency ; Employment ; Job Satisfaction ; Logistic Models ; Odds Ratio ; Physical Abuse ; Presenteeism* ; Psychology* ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits ; Sexual Harassment