We have studied the genetic differences among four isolates of Trichinella including a new strain of Trichinella spiralis (ISS 623) recently found from a human case who took a badger in Korea. Because they have a different host origin and came from geographically separated regions, we supposed the genetic pattern of the isolates might be different as had been previously reported. It was analysed by PCR-RFLP analysis of the rDNA repeat that can readily distinguish a species or strain from others. Isolated genomic DNA of each isolate of Trichinella larvae was amplified with ITS1 specific primers and digested with restriction endonucleases. The PCR product of ITS1 was confirmed using Southern blot analysis to be a 910 bp fragment. The restriction fragments of each isolate had variable patterns when it was digested with Rsa 1 only. According to the RFLP patterns, the estimated genetic divergence between each isolate was different. In conclusion, four isolates of Trichinella including a new strain of T. spiralis obtained from a Korean patient may have genetic differences in the ITS1 region and the Shanghai isolate was genetically more similar to the Japanese unknown isolate than others in the ITS1 region.
Animals ; *DNA, Helminth ; *DNA, Ribosomal ; Human ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Trichinella spiralis/*genetics/isolation & purification

The purpose of this paper is to study the effects of anti-inflammatory agents on the blood-aqueous-berrier in experimentally induced uveitis. 10% solution of sodium fluorescein was injection intravenously in the ear vein of rabbits (0.25 ml/kg) and fluorescein curve was drawn after the method of Amsler and Huber. Experimental uveitis was induced by the injection of 0.2 ml of human serwn into the vitreous body. After uveitis had been induced. three kinds of anti-inflammatory agents-Prednisolone, Benzyron and Methotrexate-were Biven oralIy. In control animals in which no uveitis was induced, no changes in fluorescein curve were demonstrated before and after the administrations of drugs. In animals with uveitis, maked increases of the blood-aqueous barrier were noted. When Benoyron and Prednisolone were given to these animals, normaliration of the fluorescein curves were demonstrated. Methotrexate had no effects on the fluorescein curves in uveitis animals, showing no improvements in the permeability of uveal vessela. This ineffectiveness seemed to be due to the resistance of rabbits to methotrexate.
Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; Blood-Aqueous Barrier ; Ear ; Fluorescein ; Humans ; Methotrexate ; Permeability ; Prednisolone ; Rabbits ; Uveitis* ; Veins ; Vitreous Body

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the impact of nursing professionalism on the nursing performance and retention intention among psychiatric mental health nurses. METHODS: As a descriptive correlational study, this study sampled 206 psychiatric mental health nurses in six hospitals in Seoul and Gyeonggi area through convenience sampling. Data were collected from March 2 to 31, 2009 using a self-report questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS WIN 16.0. RESULTS: In the subscales of professionalism, the 'Sense of calling' had the highest mean score while the 'Professional organization' had the lowest mean score. A significant positive correlation was observed in nursing professionalism, nursing performance and retention intention. According to an analysis on the impact of each subscale of nursing professionalism on nursing performance and retention intention, the 'Sense of calling' and 'Autonomy' were the most significant predictor variable. CONCLUSION: The results confirmed that the improvement of psychiatric mental health nurses' professionalism increases their nursing performance and retention intention and the 'Sense of calling' and 'Autonomy' are critical prediction factors. It is necessary to come up with a strategy which strengthens nursing professionalism in order to improve psychiatric mental health nurses' performance and retention intention.
Humans ; Intention ; Mental Health ; Nursing Staff ; Professional Practice ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Retention (Psychology)

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Basal Cell ; Facial Dermatoses* ; Keratosis, Actinic ; Skin*

BACKGROUND: Inhalation anesthetics are known to be bronchodilators. However there are several reports that these effects are not consistant, and depend on the way of experiments. Some reports showed that inhalation anesthetics don't affect broncheal smooth mucle contraction. So, we tried to evaluate the effects of inhalation anesthetics on the histamine induced contraction of broncheal smooth muscles in rabbits. METHODS: Isolated broncheal rings of rabbit were suspended in a Tyrode's solution. Contractions were recorded isometrically using a transducer. Cumulative dose responses of histamine (10(-6), 10(-5) & 10(-4) Mol, histamine group) were observed and also cumulative dose responses of histamine with halothane and enflurane administration (0.5 MAC & 1 MAC) were evaluated. RESULTS: A contraction by histamine was weakened with enflurane administration, but with halothane, the contraction was slightly weakened at 0.5 MAC and no changes were observed at 1.0 MAC compared to a contraction induced by histamine. CONCLUSIONS: At 0.5 MAC of halothane, a contraction induced by histamine was slightly weakened, but at 1 MAC, no changes of contraction occurred. However enflurane weakened the contraction at 0.5 MAC and 1 MAC. It showed that in vitro studies of the direct effect of inhalation anesthetics on smooth muscle contraction are different from the results of in vivo study reports.
Anesthetics, Inhalation ; Bronchodilator Agents ; Enflurane* ; Halothane* ; Histamine* ; Muscle, Smooth* ; Rabbits* ; Transducers

Retinal pigment epithelial cells(RPE) from a monolayer on the outer portion of sensory retina and have important physiologic functions that include solute transport, phagocytiosis and digestion of membrances shed from photoreceptor outer segments, and drug detoxication. Recently, transplantation of normal RPE has been proposed as a potential therapeutic modality in the surgical management of subretinal neovascularization in age related macular degeneration(ARMD). The viability of RPE at the time of transplantation is important for a good result after transplantation. This viability can be influenced by the period and environmental conditions of storage after harvest.In this study, the influence of these two factors on the viability was evaluated under controlling other remaining factors in vitro. And limitation of masimal time and optimal environmental conditions of storage were investigated.From November 1997 to February 1998, RPE cell sheets from six donor eyeballs for corneal transplantation in the department of ophthalmology of Severance Hospital were harvested and stored in -70degrees C, 4degrees C, or room temperature condotion. The viability of RPE cells at 0, 24 and 48 hours after havest was assessed and compared statistically.The viability was highest at 4degrees C condition. During storage, the viability was about 95% at 24 hours for and decreased abruptly to below 90% at 48 hours. Therefore, RPE cells for transplantation are to be stored at 4degrees C condition and transplantation should be performed within 24 hours after harvest.
Corneal Transplantation ; Digestion ; Epithelial Cells* ; Humans* ; Macular Degeneration ; Ophthalmology ; Retina ; Retinaldehyde* ; Tissue Donors*

PURPOSE: This study aimed to develop a "Palliative Care Professional" education program and evaluate its effects on the recognition of good death, palliative care, and the meaning of life for nurses. METHODS: It was developed based on the hospice care program for volunteers being used in the Hospice Palliative Care Research Center of S University in Seoul. It was also based on the studies which investigated the educational needs of nurses in palliative care. This program consisted of 5 sessions and 16 content items for 2 weeks. A non-equivalent control group non-synchronized design was utilized and participants were assigned to the experimental group (n=42) or the control group (n=44). RESULTS: The recognition of a good death (F=11.44, p=.001), palliative care (F=4.15, p=.045), and the meaning of life (F=5.12, p=.026) increased more significantly for participants in the experimental group than in the control group. Participants felt that they gained further knowledge in palliative patient management and refined their clinical practice. CONCLUSION: The results of the study indicate that this program could serve as a practical program for palliative care nursing in the nursing field and suggests that more attention should be directed to the diverse educational needs of nurses.
Adult ; Attitude to Death ; Female ; *Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Male ; Nursing Staff/*psychology ; *Palliative Care ; *Program Development ; *Program Evaluation ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore the life experiences of patients with a severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). METHODS: The data were collected through in-depth interviews of six patients suffering from severe COPD. The interviewed data were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim and checked for accuracy. The Giorgi method of phenomenology was used for analyzing data. RESULTS: Eight themes forming the, units of meaning, were: Repeated and Unpredictable Suffering of Dyspnea, Confidence Loss/Exhaustion Life due to non-efficient breathing, Gradually Deprived Liberty, Absolute Being to Sustaining my life, Source of Burden but Significant Person I am in the Family, Endless Tug-of-War-Capability/Endeavor to Breath, Longing for my Life, and Dead-end of breathing. CONCLUSION: The study results provide an in-depth understanding of life experiences of patients suffering from severe COPD. The findings will be useful to nurses caring for this population.
Dyspnea ; Freedom ; Humans ; Ice ; Life Change Events ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; Respiration ; Stress, Psychological

It is a highly risky procedure to perform general anesthesia on a patient with toxemia in whom the function of the vital organs is seriously impaired. The risk is much increased when pulmonary edema is also a complication. Recently, many physicians are increasingly interested in PEEP(positive end-expiratory pressure) as a valuable therapeutic approach for pulmonary edema. There are reports that the PEEP has contributed a great deal of the treatment of the pulmonary edema. This is a case report of a patient with toxemia and pulmonary edema who underwent cesarean section. She was treated with oxygen, diuretics, digitalis, steroids, bronchodilators and PEEP(pr.=10cm.H2O, Vt=700ml., assist mode), The therapeutic result was excellent.
Anesthesia* ; Anesthesia, General ; Bronchodilator Agents ; Cesarean Section ; Digitalis ; Diuretics ; Female ; Humans ; Oxygen ; Pregnancy ; Pulmonary Edema* ; Steroids ; Toxemia*

Ketamine, a phencyclidine derivative, has been used as an anesthetic agent since 1965 and it has received much attention as an anesthetic for minor surgical procedures, in some diagnostic procedures in children or as an induction agent for poor risk patients. A troublesome problem has been psychic disturbance on emergence. There are many reports on ketamine anesthesia but some cases describing the failure of recommended doses of ketamine to produce adequate analgesia have been reported with cerebral cortical disease or massive craniocerebral trauma. In this case, we experienced a failure to produce adequate analgesia with intramuscular ketamine (11 mg/kg). It was not confirmed in this case whether the patient had suffered any cerebral cortcial disease or not.
Analgesia* ; Anesthesia ; Child ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Humans ; Ketamine* ; Minor Surgical Procedures ; Phencyclidine