Glomangiosarcoma is a histopathologically defined extremely rare malignant tumor that accompanies a glomus tumor usually, but its has benign clinical course characteristically. It shares common ultrastructural and immunohistochemical features with glomus tumor, and transformed possibly from glomus tumor". Glomangiosarcoma shows more sarcomatous appearance histologically than glomus tumor, however with no malignant behavior(i.e. recurrence or metastasis) was expressed. We experienced a case of glomangiosarcoma form subungual region treated by marginal excision and no recurrence or metastasis was developed untill 1 year and 6 months postoperatively.
Glomus Tumor ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Recurrence

Arthroscopy assisted anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) reconstruction with the autogenous bone-patellar tendon-bone(BPB) graft showed more favorable results in the hand of experienced surgeon, but it requires long leaming curve for skillful techniques. On the contrary, open method is very easy to learn, but it needs more soft tissue dissection affecting rehabilitation and morbidity. Arthrotomy through the patellar tendon harvest site provide good surgical approach without supplementary incision, and hence short operation time and good clinical result can be expected. The purpose of this study is to introduce this technique and compares the results with arthroscopic one. We performed 67 cases of ACL reconstruction with autogenous BPB graft through the patellar tendon harvest site. We recorded and analysed the physical findings, Lysholm score and Cybex test at preoperative and postoperative 3, 6, 12 months. Average Lysholm score was 58.0 preoperatively and 90.5 at postoperative one year. Cybex test at one year follow-up showed decreased muscle strength of quadriceps, which was nearly the same result with arthroscopic technique. In conclusion, this technique provided similar excellent clinical results comparing with the arthroscopy assisted ones. Furthermore, this technique had merits of short learning curve and short operation time.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction* ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament* ; Arthroscopy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hand ; Learning Curve ; Muscle Strength ; Patellar Ligament* ; Rehabilitation ; Transplants

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the following null hypothesis: there are no differences in the morphology of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) structures in relation to vertical and sagittal cephalometric patterns. Methods: This retrospective study was performed with 131 participants showing no TMJ symptoms. The participants were divided into Class I, II, and III groups on the basis of their sagittal cephalometric relationships and into hyperdivergent, normodivergent, and hypodivergent groups on the basis of their vertical cephalometric relationships. The following measurements were performed using cone-beam computed tomography images and compared among the groups: condylar volume, condylar size (width, length, and height), fossa size (length and height), and condyle-to-fossa joint spaces at the anterior, superior, and posterior condylar poles. Results: The null hypothesis was rejected. The Class III group showed larger values for condylar width, condylar height, and fossa height than the Class II group (p < 0.05). Condylar volume and superior joint space in the hyperdivergent group were significantly smaller than those in the other two vertical groups (p < 0.001), whereas fossa length and height were significantly larger in the hyperdivergent group than in the other groups (p < 0.01). The hypodivergent group showed a greater condylar width than the hyperdivergent group (p < 0.01). The sagittal and vertical cephalometric patterns showed statistically significant interactions for fossa length and height. Conclusions TMJ morphology differed across diverse skeletal cephalometric patterns. The fossa length and height were affected by the interactions of the vertical and sagittal skeletal patterns.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the following null hypothesis: there are no differences in the morphology of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) structures in relation to vertical and sagittal cephalometric patterns. Methods: This retrospective study was performed with 131 participants showing no TMJ symptoms. The participants were divided into Class I, II, and III groups on the basis of their sagittal cephalometric relationships and into hyperdivergent, normodivergent, and hypodivergent groups on the basis of their vertical cephalometric relationships. The following measurements were performed using cone-beam computed tomography images and compared among the groups: condylar volume, condylar size (width, length, and height), fossa size (length and height), and condyle-to-fossa joint spaces at the anterior, superior, and posterior condylar poles. Results: The null hypothesis was rejected. The Class III group showed larger values for condylar width, condylar height, and fossa height than the Class II group (p < 0.05). Condylar volume and superior joint space in the hyperdivergent group were significantly smaller than those in the other two vertical groups (p < 0.001), whereas fossa length and height were significantly larger in the hyperdivergent group than in the other groups (p < 0.01). The hypodivergent group showed a greater condylar width than the hyperdivergent group (p < 0.01). The sagittal and vertical cephalometric patterns showed statistically significant interactions for fossa length and height. Conclusions TMJ morphology differed across diverse skeletal cephalometric patterns. The fossa length and height were affected by the interactions of the vertical and sagittal skeletal patterns.

Popliteal entrapment syndrome caused by isolated popliteus muscle enlargement is very rare, although its occurrence has been reported after discrete trauma. However, popliteal artery stenosis with combined peroneal and proximal tibial neuropathy caused by popliteus muscle enlargement without preceding trauma has not been reported. A 57-year-old man presented with a tingling sensation and pain in his left calf. He had no previous history of an injury. The symptoms were similar to those of lumbosacral radiculopathy. Calf pain became worse despite treatment, and the inability to flex his toes progressed. Computed tomography angiography and magnetic resonance imaging of the lower extremity showed popliteal artery stenosis caused by popliteus muscle enlargement and surrounding edema. An electrodiagnostic study confirmed combined peroneal and proximal tibial neuropathy at the popliteal fossa. Urgent surgical decompression was performed because of the progressive neurologic deficit and increasing neuropathic pain. The calf pain disappeared immediately after surgery, and he was discharged after the neurologic functions improved.
Angiography ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Decompression, Surgical ; Edema ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Middle Aged ; Neuralgia ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Popliteal Artery ; Radiculopathy ; Sensation ; Tibial Neuropathy ; Toes

Popliteal entrapment syndrome caused by isolated popliteus muscle enlargement is very rare, although its occurrence has been reported after discrete trauma. However, popliteal artery stenosis with combined peroneal and proximal tibial neuropathy caused by popliteus muscle enlargement without preceding trauma has not been reported. A 57-year-old man presented with a tingling sensation and pain in his left calf. He had no previous history of an injury. The symptoms were similar to those of lumbosacral radiculopathy. Calf pain became worse despite treatment, and the inability to flex his toes progressed. Computed tomography angiography and magnetic resonance imaging of the lower extremity showed popliteal artery stenosis caused by popliteus muscle enlargement and surrounding edema. An electrodiagnostic study confirmed combined peroneal and proximal tibial neuropathy at the popliteal fossa. Urgent surgical decompression was performed because of the progressive neurologic deficit and increasing neuropathic pain. The calf pain disappeared immediately after surgery, and he was discharged after the neurologic functions improved.
Angiography ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Decompression, Surgical ; Edema ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Middle Aged ; Neuralgia ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Popliteal Artery ; Radiculopathy ; Sensation ; Tibial Neuropathy ; Toes

Objective: The study investigated the effects of severe human rights abuses in North Korean on Posttraumatic-stress disorder (PTSD) in North Korean Refugees (NKRs). Methods: The study included 300 NKRs (245 females and 55 males) who completed self-report questionnaires that assessed PTSD, experiences of imprisonment, and exposure to inhumane treatment, by authorities in North Korea. A moderation analysis was conducted using a hierarchical multiple regression model to determine whether a moderation effect existed. In the next step, a post-hoc probing procedure of the moderation effect was performed using multiple regression models that included conditional moderator variables. Results: The influence of the frequency of being imprisoned on PTSD varied as a function of recurrent exposure to inhumane treatment or punishment by authorities. Experiences of imprisonment were associated with PTSD only among those who were exposed to recurrent violence, such as beating or torture, by North Korean authorities. Conclusion The present findings highlight the significant effects of human rights violations, such as the inhumane treatment of prisoners in North Korea, on the PTSD of NKRs.

Objective: The study investigated the effects of severe human rights abuses in North Korean on Posttraumatic-stress disorder (PTSD) in North Korean Refugees (NKRs). Methods: The study included 300 NKRs (245 females and 55 males) who completed self-report questionnaires that assessed PTSD, experiences of imprisonment, and exposure to inhumane treatment, by authorities in North Korea. A moderation analysis was conducted using a hierarchical multiple regression model to determine whether a moderation effect existed. In the next step, a post-hoc probing procedure of the moderation effect was performed using multiple regression models that included conditional moderator variables. Results: The influence of the frequency of being imprisoned on PTSD varied as a function of recurrent exposure to inhumane treatment or punishment by authorities. Experiences of imprisonment were associated with PTSD only among those who were exposed to recurrent violence, such as beating or torture, by North Korean authorities. Conclusion The present findings highlight the significant effects of human rights violations, such as the inhumane treatment of prisoners in North Korea, on the PTSD of NKRs.

OBJECTIVES: Narcolepsy with cataplexy is a rare chronic sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, cataplexy, sleep paralysis, and hypnagogic/hypnopompic hallucinations. The aims of the present study were comparing the health-related quality of life (HR-QOL) of patients with type I and type II narcolepy patients, and determining the factors that influence the HR-QOL in narcolepsy patients. METHODS: All patients performed night polysomnography (PSG) and multiple sleep latency test (MSLT). HR-QOL and the severity of subjective symptoms were evaluated using various questionnaires, including the Korean versions of the Medical Outcome Study Short Form-36, the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index-Korean version, the Korean version Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and the Korean version Beck Depression Inventory-2. RESULTS: We enrolled 21 type I narcolepsy patients and 27 type II patients. Type I patients had short rapid eye movement (REM) latency on night PSG and more sleep onset REM periods on MSLT. The total score of HR-QOL was worse in patients with type I narcolepsy than in the type II narcolepsy patients. There was association between the severities of excessive daytime sleepiness, depression and the degree of worsening of QOL. CSF hypocretin level had no correlation with the scores of HR-QOL. CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate that type I narcolepsy patients are sleepier, depressive, and have more burden on the HR-QOL. And the impairment in QOL of narcolepsy patients is related to the degree of excessive daytime and depressive mood.
Cataplexy ; Depression ; Hallucinations ; Humans ; Narcolepsy* ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Polysomnography ; Quality of Life* ; Sleep Paralysis ; Sleep Wake Disorders ; Sleep, REM

PURPOSE: To evaluate the changes in corneal keratometry (K) readings after corneal collagen cross- linking (CXL) using 20% alcohol in primary keratoconus and keratectasia after refractive surgery. METHODS: Twelve eyes of 10 patients with primary keratoconus and 3 eyes of 3 patients with keratectasia after refractive surgery were included in the present study. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and mean K, corneal astigmatism by corneal topography, and mean K, corneal astigmatism, and spherical equivalent (SE) by auto refractometer were evaluated at baseline, and 6 months postoperatively. Eight eyes of 7 patients were also evaluated 1 year postoperatively. RESULTS: Mean BCVA improved from log MAR 0.66 +/- 0.50 to log MAR 0.55 +/- 0.58 (p = 0.100) at 6 month after CXL. In corneal topography, mean K significantly decreased from 50.04 +/- 5.88 D to 49.18 +/- 6.15 D (p = 0.019), and corneal astigmatism slightly decreased from 5.33 +/- 4.47 D to 5.29 +/- 4.88 D (p = 0.755) at 6 months after CXL. According to the auto refractometer, mean K significantly decreased from 48.53 +/- 5.94 D to 47.95 +/- 5.79 D (p = 0.038), corneal astigmatism significantly decreased from 3.95 +/- 2.54 D to 3.52 +/- 2.40 D (p = 0.010), and SE significantly decreased from -6.25 +/- 3.45 D to -5.40 +/- 2.91 D (p = 0.037) at 6 months after CXL. Significant mean K and corneal astigmatism decreases in topography were also observed at 1 year after CXL. Complications related to CXL were not observed. CONCLUSIONS: CXL using 20% alcohol appears to be a safe and promising treatment modality with less corneal stromal damage in progressive primary keratoconus and keratectasia after refractive surgery.
Astigmatism ; Collagen ; Corneal Topography ; Eye ; Humans ; Keratoconus ; Reading ; Refractive Surgical Procedures ; Visual Acuity