1.The superiority of Mulliken's Method in the Unilateral cleft Lip surgery.
Seok Kwun KIM ; Si Hyun PARK ; Kyoung OH ; Huyn Su KIM ; Jeong Tae KIM
Journal of the Korean Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons 1999;26(6):1112-1118
The goal of cleft lip surgery is to reconstruct normal shape of the lip. To acomplish this goal, various operative method were contrived and concept of the method decided the shape of reconstructed lips. According to the operative result, some operative methods were disappeared or have been developed with a little modifiation. Traditional Millard's rotation-advancement method for unilateral cleft lip patients is largely accepted and developed as proper method for acquiring these functional and anatomic purposes. As a trial for this development, Mulliken add some modifications. He uses exaggerated high rotation incision and it lengthens into midcolumella without backcut. Also he dosen't steal from alar base or lateral lip for vertical height. C-flap is used to lengthen the affected columella and upper lip. The isolated orbicularis oris muscle is coaptated each other for more functional result. With supraperichondral dissection of alar cartilage and transpositioning of caudal septum, he performs synchronous repair of cleft lips, nose and sometimes alveolus. It is still debated when is most suitable age for surgical correction of nasal deformity of cleft lip patients. Done at the time of primary lip repair, there are both some apprehension and inducement. The former are based on technical difficulties due to shortage and fragility of neonatal tissue and possibility of progressive deformities with growing because of iatrogenic injuries to the alar cartilages. But te latter is rationalized because early reposition of deformed nasal cartilage in proper position would induce more natural growth of nasal structures. Some long-term follow up reports reveal the early operation innocent of any growth deterioration. Mulliken treats his cleft lip patient for separated lip and nasal deformities with single operation, and does gingiovoperiosteal alveoloplasty at the same time if necessary. He uses Latham appliance from 4 to 6 week after birth in case of severly collapsed lateral alveolar segment or wide alvolar gap, and perform the definitive opertation at the age of 4 to 6 months. I use lip adhension method to correct more than 10 mm alveolar gap without severe collapse of lateral alveolar segment, but if lateral segment was severely collapsed and away from alvolar arch, I apply the Latham appliance somewhat modificate from original type, which has a metal ring fastened at the front limb of appliance for rubber banding to coaptate easily. I have experienced repair of cleft lip by Mulliken's concept with some modification of my own to 44 cases of unilateral cleft lip patients and conclude that it was very flexible method. Doing with synchonous repair of cleft lip nose, we could get harmonious lip and nose with symmetric nostril sill, cupid's bow and red line. Columella was lengthened primarily. Normal growth of nose was anticipated by anatomic repositioning of alar septal cartilage.
Alveoloplasty
;
Cartilage
;
Cleft Lip*
;
Congenital Abnormalities
;
Extremities
;
Follow-Up Studies
;
Humans
;
Lip
;
Nasal Cartilages
;
Nose
;
Parturition
;
Rubber
2.The Effectiveness of the Extended SMAS Rhytidectomy.
Seok Kwun KIM ; Kyoung OH ; Hyun Su KIM ; Jeong Tae KIM
Journal of the Korean Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery 1999;5(1):177-186
No abstract available.
Rhytidoplasty*
4.Clinicopathologic Features of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Coexisting with Hashimoto's Thyroiditis.
Sang Hyun KANG ; Tae Kwun HA ; Ha Kyoung PARK ; Hong Tae LEE ; Jae Ho SHIN ; Min Sung AHN ; Kwang Hee KIM ; Ki Beom BAE ; Tae Hyeon KIM ; Chang Soo CHOI ; Jin Soo KIM ; Ki Hoon KIM ; Woon Won KIM ; Sang Hyo KIM
Korean Journal of Endocrine Surgery 2013;13(1):8-13
PURPOSE: Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is an important cause of hypothyroidism caused by autoimmune chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis. In order to attain a better understanding for use in treatment of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) coexisting with HT, we conducted an analysis of the clinicopathologic features, as well as the importance of HT as a prognostic factor. METHODS: In this retrospective study, we analyzed 341 patients who were histopathologically diagnosed with PTC following surgery. RESULTS: PTC coexisting with HT was observed in 19.6% (67 patients) of all PTC patients. A statistically significant gender difference was observed in the group with HT (two male vs. 65 female), with a higher positive rate of anti-thyroglobulin antibody and smaller tumor size, compared to the PTC group without HT. When tumor size increased, a lower coexistence rate of HT was observed. No significant differences were observed in multifocality, cervical lymph node (LN) metastasis, coexistence of benign nodule, and extent of LN dissection. However, frequency of extrathyroidal extension was significantly lower and total thyroidectomy rate was higher in the group with HT. TNM stage and AMES stage were similar in both groups; frequency of high MACIS score showed a significant decrease in the group with HT. The recurrence rate and disease- free survival in patients with PTC were not significantly affected by coexistence of HT. CONCLUSION: We found a significant relationship with gender, extrathyroidal extension, and tumor size in PTC coexisting with HT. However, no significant differences in recurrence rate and disease-free survival were observed between groups. Therefore, coexistence in PTC could not be applicable as a prognostic factor of PTC.
Disease-Free Survival
;
Hashimoto Disease
;
Humans
;
Hypothyroidism
;
Lymph Nodes
;
Male
;
Neoplasm Metastasis
;
Prognosis
;
Recurrence
;
Retrospective Studies
;
Thyroid Gland*
;
Thyroid Neoplasms*
;
Thyroidectomy
;
Thyroiditis*
5.The Korean guideline for gastric cancer screening.
Hyun Ah PARK ; Su Youn NAM ; Sang Kil LEE ; Sang Gyun KIM ; Ki Nam SHIM ; Sang Min PARK ; Sun Young LEE ; Hye Seung HAN ; Yong Moon SHIN ; Kyoung Mee KIM ; Kyung Jae LEE ; Tae Yong LEE ; Il Ju CHOI ; Seong Sook HONG ; Jae Woo KIM ; Yoon Jae LEE ; Soo Young KIM ; Yeol KIM ; Won Chul LEE ; Il Kwun CHUNG
Journal of the Korean Medical Association 2015;58(5):373-384
Despite improvements in treatment modalities, gastric cancer is the second cause of mortality among Korean men and third among females in Korea. Korea implemented a gastric cancer screening program for the general population in 1999. However, the effectiveness and harms of gastric cancer screening using gastric endoscopy and upper gastrointestinal (UGI) series have not been fully evaluated. In an effort to evaluate the screening program, the Korean multidisciplinary expert committee for developing a gastric cancer screening guideline systematically reviewed the evidence regarding the benefits and harms of gastric cancer screening, and developed an evidence-based clinical guideline. There is 'low' level evidence that gastric cancer screening using gastric endoscopy or UGI series can reduce gastric cancer mortality for asymptomatic adults aged between 40 to 74 years. The benefits of gastric cancer screening using gastric endoscopy are substantially higher than its harms, while the benefits of screening with UGI series are moderately higher. We recommend that asymptomatic adults from 40 to 75 years of age undergo biannual gastric cancer screening using gastric endoscopy (recommendation B). Gastric cancer screening using UGI series in asymptomatic adults aged between 40 to 74 years may be recommended based on clinicians' judgment regarding the patient's risk and the patient's preference (recommendation C). There is insufficient evidence to assess the benefits and harms of gastric cancer screening for adults aged between 75 to 84 years (recommendation I). We recommend against gastric cancer screening for adults older than 85 years (recommendation D).
Adult
;
Early Detection of Cancer
;
Endoscopy
;
Female
;
Humans
;
Judgment
;
Korea
;
Male
;
Mass Screening*
;
Mortality
;
Stomach Neoplasms*
6.Efficacy and Safety of Rebamipide versus Its New Formulation, AD-203, in Patients with Erosive Gastritis: A Randomized, DoubleBlind, Active Control, Noninferiority, Multicenter, Phase 3 Study
Gwang Ha KIM ; Hang Lak LEE ; Moon Kyung JOO ; Hong Jun PARK ; Sung Woo JUNG ; Ok-Jae LEE ; Hyungkil KIM ; Hoon Jai CHUN ; Soo Teik LEE ; Ji Won KIM ; Han Ho JEON ; Il-Kwun CHUNG ; Hyun-Soo KIM ; Dong Ho LEE ; Kyoung-Oh KIM ; Yun Jeong LIM ; Seun-Ja PARK ; Soo-Jeong CHO ; Byung-Wook KIM ; Kwang Hyun KO ; Seong Woo JEON ; Jae Gyu KIM ; In-Kyung SUNG ; Tae Nyeun KIM ; Jae Kyu SUNG ; Jong-Jae PARK
Gut and Liver 2021;15(6):841-850
Background/Aims:
The mucoprotective drug rebamipide is used to treat gastritis and peptic ulcers. We compared the efficacy of Mucosta Ⓡ (rebamipide 100 mg) and its new formulation, AD-203 (rebamipide 150 mg), in treating erosive gastritis.
Methods:
This double-blind, active control, noninferiority, multicenter, phase 3 clinical trial randomly assigned 475 patients with endoscopically proven erosive gastritis to two groups: AD-203 twice daily or Mucosta Ⓡ thrice daily for 2 weeks. The intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis included 454 patients (AD-203, n=229; Mucosta Ⓡ , n=225), and the per-protocol (PP) analysis included 439 patients (AD-203, n=224; Mucosta Ⓡ , n=215). The posttreatment assessments included the primary (erosion improvement rate) and secondary endpoints (erosion and edema cure rates; improvement rates of redness, hemorrhage, and gastrointestinal symptoms). Drug-related adverse events were evaluated.
Results:
According to the ITT analysis, the erosion improvement rates (posttreatment) in AD-203-treated and Mucosta Ⓡ -treated patients were 39.7% and 43.8%, respectively. According to the PP analysis, the erosion improvement rates (posttreatment) in AD-203-treated and Mucosta Ⓡ -treated patients were 39.3% and 43.7%, respectively. The one-sided 97.5% lower limit for the improvement rate difference between the study groups was −4.01% (95% confidence interval [CI], –13.09% to 5.06%) in the ITT analysis and −4.44% (95% CI, –13.65% to 4.78%) in the PP analysis. The groups did not significantly differ in the secondary endpoints in either analysis. Twenty-four AD-203-treated and 20 Mucosta Ⓡ -treated patients reported adverse events but no serious adverse drug reactions; both groups presented similar adverse event rates.
Conclusions
The new formulation of rebamipide 150 mg (AD-203) twice daily was not inferior to rebamipide 100 mg (Mucosta Ⓡ ) thrice daily. Both formulations showed a similar efficacy in treating erosive gastritis.
7.The Clinical Significance of Specialized Intestinal Metaplasia in the Diagnosis of Barrett's Esophagus: Nationwide Prospective Multicenter Study.
Hyun Kyung PARK ; Nayoung KIM ; Byoung Hwan LEE ; Jin Il KIM ; So Young LEE ; Hyun Min CHA ; Hyerang KIM ; Soo Hyun PARK ; Jong Jae PARK ; Sang Woo LEE ; Ki Nam SHIM ; Seong Eun KIM ; Su Jin HONG ; Il Kwun CHUNG ; Gwang Ho BAIK ; Hyun Soo KIM ; Sungkook KIM ; Jae Kyu SEONG ; Geom Seog SEO ; Sam Ryong JEE ; Jeong Seop MOON ; Mee Yon CHO ; Jae Woo KIM ; Moon Gi CHUNG ; Seon Mee PARK ; Byung Kyu NAH ; Su Youn NAM ; Kang Seok SEO ; Byung Sung KO ; Yun Ju JO ; Jae Young JANG ; Byeong Gwan KIM ; Ji Won KIM ; Kyung Sik PARK ; Hyun Shin PARK ; Young Sun KIM ; Seon Hee LIM ; Chung Hyeon KIM ; Min Jung PARK ; Jeong Yoon YIM ; Kyung Ran CHO ; Donghee KIM ; Seun Ja PARK ; Geun Am SONG ; Hyun Jin KIM ; Sang Wook KIM ; Eui Hyeog IM ; Kyoung Soo LEE ; Dong Hyo HYUN ; Hyun Young KIM ; Sun Mi KIM ; Jeong Eun SHIN ; Chan Guk PARK ; Chang Hun YANG ; Soo Heon PARK ; Hyun Chae JUNG ; In Sik CHUNG
The Korean Journal of Helicobacter and Upper Gastrointestinal Research 2012;12(3):171-177
BACKGROUND/AIMS: The meaning of specialized intestinal metaplasia (SIM) in the diagnosis of Barrett's esophagus (BE) is not clear. This study was designed to determine the clinical significance of SIM in the diagnosis of Barrett's esophagus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Biopsies were taken from 601 subjects with endoscopically suspected columnar-lined esophagus. Under light microscopy with Alcian-blue stain, SIM was identified. Demographic characteristics, gastroesophageal (GE) reflux symptoms and endoscopic findings were compared between the SIM-present group and the SIM-absent group. RESULTS: Among 601 subjects, 184 (30.6%) were confirmed by pathology to have SIM. Age over 40 years (P<0.001) and a medication history of proton pump inhibitor or H2 blocker were found more frequently in the SIM-present group (P=0.01) than in the SIM-absent group. Any of 7 GE reflux symptoms (heartburn, acid regurgitation, chest pain, hoarseness, globus sensation, cough and epigastric soreness) were more frequent in the SIM-present group than SIM-absent group (P<0.001). Specifically, heartburn, chest pain and cough were significantly more common in the SIM-present group. There was no clinically significant difference associated with endoscopic findings or other clinical characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: When subjects with endoscopically suspected BE are analyzed based on the presence or absence of SIM, the SIM-present group was significantly associated with GE reflux symptoms suggestive of frequent GE reflux. However, the presence of SIM did not correlate with endoscopic findings.
Barrett Esophagus
;
Biopsy
;
Chest Pain
;
Cough
;
Esophagus
;
Gastroesophageal Reflux
;
Heartburn
;
Hoarseness
;
Light
;
Metaplasia
;
Microscopy
;
Prospective Studies
;
Proton Pumps
;
Sensation
8.The Distribution of Endoscopic Gastritis in 25,536 Heath Check-up Subjects in Korea.
Hyun Kyung PARK ; Nayoung KIM ; Sang Woo LEE ; Jong Jae PARK ; Jin Il KIM ; So Young LEE ; Hyun Min CHA ; Hyerang KIM ; Soo Hyun PARK ; Ki Nam SHIM ; Seong Eun KIM ; Su Jin HONG ; Il Kwun CHUNG ; Gwang Ho BAIK ; Hyun Soo KIM ; Sungkook KIM ; Jae Kyu SEONG ; Geom Seog SEO ; Sam Ryong JEE ; Jeong Seop MOON ; Jae Woo KIM ; Moon Gi CHUNG ; Seon Mee PARK ; Byung Kyu NAH ; Su Youn NAM ; Kang Seok SEO ; Byung Sung KO ; Yun Ju JO ; Jae Young JANG ; Byeong Gwan KIM ; Ji Won KIM ; Kyung Sik PARK ; Hyun Shin PARK ; Young Sun KIM ; Seon Hee LIM ; Chung Hyeon KIM ; Min Jung PARK ; Jeong Yoon YIM ; Kyung Ran CHO ; Donghee KIM ; Seun Ja PARK ; Geun Am SONG ; Hyun Jin KIM ; Sang Wook KIM ; Eui Hyeog IM ; Kyoung Soo LEE ; Dong Hyo HYUN ; Hyun Young KIM ; Sun Mi KIM ; Jeong Eun SHIN ; Chan Guk PARK ; Chang Hun YANG ; Soo Heon PARK ; Hyun Chae JUNG ; In Sik CHUNG
The Korean Journal of Helicobacter and Upper Gastrointestinal Research 2012;12(4):237-243
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Chronic gastritis is a common finding during endoscopy and it is very important to describe it correctly. This study was designed to evaluate the distribution of endoscopic gastritis and the differences according to age, sex or area. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A clinical analysis was conducted on 25,536 subjects who had undergone an upper endoscopy for routine health check-up. Endoscopic gastritis was classified into four types, superficial gastritis, erosive gastritis, atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia. The distribution of the four types of gastritis was evaluated according to sex, age and area. RESULTS: 51.6% of the patients had experienced at least one of the symptoms (epigastric pain or discomfort, soarness, dyspepsia, abdominal pain) on at least a few occasions during the previous year. The incidence of normal gastric finding was 3,593 (14.1%). 21,943 (85.9%) subjects have at least more than one of endoscopic gastritis. The number of cases with superficial gastritis was 7,983 (31.3%), erosive gastritis 6,054 (23.7%), atrophic gastritis 6,918 (27.1%), and intestinal metaplasia 1,181 (7.1%). Erosive gastritis, atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia were more frequent in men than women (P<0.001) and in the older age group (> or =60 years) than younger age group (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of endoscopic gastritis was very common, 85.9%. In addition, erosive gastritis, atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia were more frequent in men and in the older age group, which is similar to gastric cancer or peptic ulcer. Cautious regular endoscopic follow-up might be necessary regardless of gastrointestinal symptoms in Korea.
Dyspepsia
;
Endoscopy
;
Female
;
Gastritis
;
Gastritis, Atrophic
;
Helicobacter pylori
;
Humans
;
Incidence
;
Korea
;
Male
;
Metaplasia
;
Peptic Ulcer
;
Prevalence
;
Stomach Neoplasms
9.The Distribution of Endoscopic Gastritis in 25,536 Heath Check-up Subjects in Korea.
Hyun Kyung PARK ; Nayoung KIM ; Sang Woo LEE ; Jong Jae PARK ; Jin Il KIM ; So Young LEE ; Hyun Min CHA ; Hyerang KIM ; Soo Hyun PARK ; Ki Nam SHIM ; Seong Eun KIM ; Su Jin HONG ; Il Kwun CHUNG ; Gwang Ho BAIK ; Hyun Soo KIM ; Sungkook KIM ; Jae Kyu SEONG ; Geom Seog SEO ; Sam Ryong JEE ; Jeong Seop MOON ; Jae Woo KIM ; Moon Gi CHUNG ; Seon Mee PARK ; Byung Kyu NAH ; Su Youn NAM ; Kang Seok SEO ; Byung Sung KO ; Yun Ju JO ; Jae Young JANG ; Byeong Gwan KIM ; Ji Won KIM ; Kyung Sik PARK ; Hyun Shin PARK ; Young Sun KIM ; Seon Hee LIM ; Chung Hyeon KIM ; Min Jung PARK ; Jeong Yoon YIM ; Kyung Ran CHO ; Donghee KIM ; Seun Ja PARK ; Geun Am SONG ; Hyun Jin KIM ; Sang Wook KIM ; Eui Hyeog IM ; Kyoung Soo LEE ; Dong Hyo HYUN ; Hyun Young KIM ; Sun Mi KIM ; Jeong Eun SHIN ; Chan Guk PARK ; Chang Hun YANG ; Soo Heon PARK ; Hyun Chae JUNG ; In Sik CHUNG
The Korean Journal of Helicobacter and Upper Gastrointestinal Research 2012;12(4):237-243
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Chronic gastritis is a common finding during endoscopy and it is very important to describe it correctly. This study was designed to evaluate the distribution of endoscopic gastritis and the differences according to age, sex or area. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A clinical analysis was conducted on 25,536 subjects who had undergone an upper endoscopy for routine health check-up. Endoscopic gastritis was classified into four types, superficial gastritis, erosive gastritis, atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia. The distribution of the four types of gastritis was evaluated according to sex, age and area. RESULTS: 51.6% of the patients had experienced at least one of the symptoms (epigastric pain or discomfort, soarness, dyspepsia, abdominal pain) on at least a few occasions during the previous year. The incidence of normal gastric finding was 3,593 (14.1%). 21,943 (85.9%) subjects have at least more than one of endoscopic gastritis. The number of cases with superficial gastritis was 7,983 (31.3%), erosive gastritis 6,054 (23.7%), atrophic gastritis 6,918 (27.1%), and intestinal metaplasia 1,181 (7.1%). Erosive gastritis, atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia were more frequent in men than women (P<0.001) and in the older age group (> or =60 years) than younger age group (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of endoscopic gastritis was very common, 85.9%. In addition, erosive gastritis, atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia were more frequent in men and in the older age group, which is similar to gastric cancer or peptic ulcer. Cautious regular endoscopic follow-up might be necessary regardless of gastrointestinal symptoms in Korea.
Dyspepsia
;
Endoscopy
;
Female
;
Gastritis
;
Gastritis, Atrophic
;
Helicobacter pylori
;
Humans
;
Incidence
;
Korea
;
Male
;
Metaplasia
;
Peptic Ulcer
;
Prevalence
;
Stomach Neoplasms
10.Efficacy of Itraconazole Melt-Extrusion Tablet One-week Therapy in Treatment of Hyperkeratotic Type of Tinea Pedis and/or Tinea Manus.
Kee Chan MOON ; Jai Kyoung KOH ; Baik Kee CHO ; Hyung Ok KIM ; Gun Su PARK ; Dae Gyu BYUN ; Jin Woo KIM ; In Kang JANG ; Jong Yuk YI ; Jae Bok JUN ; Tae Jin YOON ; Nack In KIM ; Kyu Suk LEE ; Chill Hwan OH ; Soo Nam KIM ; Sook Ja SON ; Yong Woo CHIN ; Dong Seok KIM ; Gwang Yeol JOE ; Won Woo LEE ; Kyung Sool KWON ; Dae Hun SUH ; Sang Eun MOON ; See Yong PARK ; Kea Jeung KIM ; Jong Suk LEE ; Eun So LEE ; Hyun Joo CHOI ; Eung Ho CHOI ; Ki Hong KIM ; Seung Hoon CHA ; Young Gull KIM ; Jung Hee HAHM ; Hae Young CHOI ; Sung Uk PARK ; Bang Soon KIM ; Sang Wahn KOO ; Byung Soo KIM ; Young Ho WON ; Han Uk KIM ; Eun Sup SONG ; Byoung Soo CHUNG ; Byung In RO ; Chang Kwun HONG ; Jagn Kue PARK ; Tae Young YOUN ; Hee Sung KIM ; Cheol Heon LEE ; Kwang Joong KIM ; Dae Won KOO ; Jong Min KIM ; Chang Woo LEE ; Hee Joon YU
Korean Journal of Dermatology 1999;37(8):1047-1056
BACKGROUND: Since the bioavailability of itraconazole capsule is influenced by patients gastric acidity, it results in treatment failure due to its low dissolution and subsequent low absorption when administered in fasting. Itraconazole Melt-Extrusion tablet has been lately developed in order to improve its dissolution profile. It is the first clinical study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of itraconazole Melt-Extrusion tablet in Korea. OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of itraconazole melt-extrusion tablet 400mg daily for 1 week(pulse therapy) for hyperkeratotic type of tinea pedis and manus. METHODS: A clinical and mycological investigation was made of 812 outpatients with hyperkeratotic type of tinea pedis and/or tinea manus who had visited at 52 general hospitals under the lead of the Korean Dermatological Association from June to December, 1998. Patients confirmed by clinically and microscopically as hyperkeratotic type of tinea pedis and/or tinea manus were administered 2 tablets twice a day for one week and followed up for 8 weeks from the start of the medication. RESULTS: The results were summarized as follows; 1. Clinical symptoms of hyperkeratotic type of tinea pedis and/or tinea mauns were significantly improved at the end of study, week 8(p<0.001). 2. Clinical response rate, defined as more than 50% decrease of the sum of the clinical symptom scores, was 79.3%(512/646). 3. Mycological cure rate, dafined as both culture and KOH negative at week 8, was 78.2%(244 /312). 4. 40(5.5%) patients, of the 727 patients evaluable for drug safety evaluation, were reported to have adverse event. CONCLUSION: Itraconazole Melt-Extrusion tablet 400mg/day for 1 week (pulse therapy) is effective and safe in the treatment of hyperkeratotic type of tinea pedis and/or tinea manus.
Absorption
;
Biological Availability
;
Fasting
;
Gastric Acid
;
Hospitals, General
;
Humans
;
Itraconazole*
;
Korea
;
Outpatients
;
Tablets
;
Tinea Pedis*
;
Tinea*
;
Treatment Failure