The purpose of this paper is to study the effects of anti-inflammatory agents on the blood-aqueous-berrier in experimentally induced uveitis. 10% solution of sodium fluorescein was injection intravenously in the ear vein of rabbits (0.25 ml/kg) and fluorescein curve was drawn after the method of Amsler and Huber. Experimental uveitis was induced by the injection of 0.2 ml of human serwn into the vitreous body. After uveitis had been induced. three kinds of anti-inflammatory agents-Prednisolone, Benzyron and Methotrexate-were Biven oralIy. In control animals in which no uveitis was induced, no changes in fluorescein curve were demonstrated before and after the administrations of drugs. In animals with uveitis, maked increases of the blood-aqueous barrier were noted. When Benoyron and Prednisolone were given to these animals, normaliration of the fluorescein curves were demonstrated. Methotrexate had no effects on the fluorescein curves in uveitis animals, showing no improvements in the permeability of uveal vessela. This ineffectiveness seemed to be due to the resistance of rabbits to methotrexate.
Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; Blood-Aqueous Barrier ; Ear ; Fluorescein ; Humans ; Methotrexate ; Permeability ; Prednisolone ; Rabbits ; Uveitis* ; Veins ; Vitreous Body

The estimation of age is an important issue in forensic science, and the forensic community has attempted many times to establish methods for solving this issue. Aging leads to alterations in tissues and organs at the molecular level. These alterations at the molecular level may aid forensic scientists to estimate the age of a living person or a dead body. Initially, the focus was on the genetic components of aging, but recently, epigenetic mechanisms have emerged as the key contributors to the alterations in genome structure and function that accompany aging. In particular, DNA methylation is one of the best-understood mechanisms, and it has been suggested as a promising biomarker for age estimation in many studies. In this review, we summarize the recent studies on age-associated DNA methylation changes in different tissues and discuss its possible and practical applications in forensics.
Aging ; DNA ; DNA Methylation ; Epigenomics ; Forensic Sciences ; Genome ; Humans

Kinship testing in forensic casework is largely based on a likelihood ratio (LR) approach with short tandem repeat (STR) markers; however, in order to efficiently identify potential relatives in a specific population, the threshold values for kinship prediction should be determined by analyzing the kinship index distributions of the population in question. In this study, 250,000 DNA profiles were simulated using allele frequencies at 20 autosomal STR loci in Koreans, then the LRs were calculated for true close relatives and unrelated pairs. The LR distributions in related and unrelated pairs under a given relationship were compared in 2 sets of 13 Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) and 20 STR profiles. Using 13 CODIS STRs, true relatives in parent/child and full-sibling relationships were sufficiently discriminated from unrelated pairs with LR thresholds of 1,000 and 100, respectively. However, the CODIS STRs lacked the discriminatory power to differentiate between related and unrelated pairs in uncle/nephew and first cousin relationships due to high false-positive and false-negative rates with a LR threshold of 10. Increasing the number of STR loci to 20 increased discrimination of close relatives, but high false results remained in uncle/nephew and first cousin relationships. The kinship index data from this study will help make decisions on various kinship testing and familial searching in Koreans.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; DNA ; Gene Frequency ; Humans ; Microsatellite Repeats

Hurthle cell tumors are an infrequent neoplasm of the thyroid gland in adults. Hurthle cell tumors represent 4. 5% to 10% of all primary thyroid epithelial neoplasms in the foreign literature. It has been known as Hurthle cell tumor since Ewing was the first to use this term in 1928. Tumor occurring in an infant was described by Symmers(1941) and Morrow(1945). The authors experienced a case of congenital Hurthle cell tumor of the thyroid gland in a 2 months old boy. He was admitted to the pediatric surgical department because of a growing mass in the neck since birth. Ultrasonogram showed a huge lobulated homogenous solid mass with medium level echogenicity in the region of the thyroid gland. Subtotal thyroidectomy of right lobe and total thyroidectomy of left lobe were done. The specimen measures 2x3x1.5 cm and 7x3x3 cm, respectively. It was an encapsulated, yellow gray firm and solid mass. The cut surface was smooth, glistening and homogenous. Microscopicully, the tumor was composed of tightly packed regular follicles lined by polyhedral, cuboidal, large cells with a granular acidophilic cytoplasms. The nuclei are vesicular, usually only a little bit larger than those of normal thyroid cells.
Infant ; Adult ; Male ; Female ; Humans

Human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is generally used to identify highly degraded forensic samples, particularly when the extracted DNA is not sufficient for nuclear DNA analysis. However, direct sequencing, the most widely used mtDNA analysis method, is laborious and time-consuming, and precludes the simultaneous analysis of many samples. Here, we describe a rapid and simple screening method for mtDNA analysis in Koreans using single base extension (SBE) methods. Sixteen highly polymorphic mtDNA SNPs from the control region were selected, and a multiplex SBE system was constructed to analyze them. Because the developed system consists of two duplex PCRs, which produce small amplicons with fewer than 270 bp, it works well with highly degraded samples such as old skeletal remains. Using this multiplex SBE system, 145 different haplotypes were expected to be observed from 593 unrelated Koreans. Seventy-three haplotypes were expected to be observed only once, and the most frequent haplotype was expected to occur 80 times. Since the mean number of pairwise differences was estimated to be 4.55, the developed system could be useful to exclude samples that do not match evidence and reference samples. Therefore, the multiplex SBE system used in this study will be a useful tool to analyze many samples simultaneously and to efficiently screen out non-matching mtDNA sequences in forensic casework.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; DNA ; DNA, Mitochondrial* ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Mass Screening* ; Methods ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide*

Lately, there seems to be a growing interest in the forensic community for RNA analysis. Especially, body fluid identification using cell-specific RNA expression profiles is expected to present a new technique that will supplement DNA analysis in forensic casework. Several RNA markers specific to blood, saliva, semen, menstrual blood and vaginal secretions have been identified and their specificities and sensitivities have been confirmed using various forensic samples. Therefore, this review provides an overview of the present knowledge and the most recent developments in RNA analysis for the body fluid identification and discusses its possible and practical use in forensics.
Body Fluids ; DNA ; MicroRNAs ; RNA ; RNA, Messenger ; Saliva ; Semen

DNA profiles have been increasingly used as the most reliable means to identify remains from war or mass disaster. To establish the identity with such a large set of victims, special care should be taken to correlate remains with correct family references while avoiding coincidental match between non-relatives. Therefore we address here relevant statistical and combinatorial issues in the DNA identification of mass victims. A simple and general formula for the likelihood ratio governing any potential kinship between two DNA profiles was presented, and for that purpose, the probabilities that a given relative and an individual share autosomal identical-bydescent alleles were calculated. In addition, a method dealing with the allele drop-out in kinship analysis and the estimation of a cold hit were discussed.
Alleles ; Cold Temperature ; Disasters ; DNA ; Humans

No abstract available.
Perfusion*

PURPOSE: To report a case of conjunctival mass with infectious mononucleosis by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) confirmed with Epstein-Barr encoding region (EBER) in situ hybridization. CASE SUMMARY: A 8 year-old male without underlying disease was referred with counjunctival mass on the right eye starting 3 days ago. In ophthalmologic evaluation, there was injected, nontender, and "salmon patch" appearance conjunctival lesion on right superior bulbar conjunctiva. The patient was admitted to pediatrics with sore throat and fever. The tonsil were enlarged and white blood cell count was 14960/uL. EBV polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test and Viral capsid antigen Immunoglobulin M (VAC IgM) test were positive, the diagnose of infectious mononucleosis by EBV was made. After 5 days steroid eyedrop therapy, biopsy was performed because the lesion was not improved. There were lymphocyte infiltration, chronic inflammation and positive in EBER in situ hybridization. CONCLUSIONS: Elevated and pinkish lesion on conjunctiva, EBV lesion should be considered as differential diagnosis.
Biopsy ; Capsid ; Conjunctiva ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Fever ; Herpesvirus 4, Human* ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin M ; In Situ Hybridization ; Infectious Mononucleosis* ; Inflammation ; Leukocyte Count ; Lymphocytes ; Male ; Palatine Tonsil ; Pediatrics ; Pharyngitis ; Polymerase Chain Reaction

To evaluate the nephrotoxicity of cisplatin, serum levels of sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphorous, magnesium, BUN, creatinine and creatinine clearance were measured before and after administration of cisplatin in 18 cases of patients with malignant neoplasm. The results were as follows: 1) Serum calcium, magnesium, potassium and BUN levels were changed after cisplatin administration, but those changes were not statistically significant. 2) The mean value of creatinine clearance was not decreased significantly after treatment with cisplatin. 3) Acute renal failure was developed in one case, and four cases of hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia were also detected after administration of cisplatin.
Acute Kidney Injury ; Calcium ; Calcium Chloride ; Cisplatin* ; Creatinine ; Humans ; Hypocalcemia ; Magnesium ; Potassium ; Sodium